The fifty-third episode of "Dream of the Red Mansion", "Ningguo Mansion Chinese New Year's Eve Sacrifice Ancestral Hall Rongguo Mansion Lantern Festival Night Banquet" is a rich volume, with wonderful writing and highlights. The text describes it as follows: "It turned out that in another courtyard in the west of Ningfu, there were five gates in the black oil fence, and a plaque was hung on it, which read the four words 'Jia's ancestral hall', and the next book was 'Yansheng Gong Kong Jizongshu'." There is a long couplet on both sides, which reads: The liver and brain are smeared on the ground, and the surname Zhao is the grace of conservation; The fame is all over the world, and the prosperity of a hundred generations of steaming and tasting is also derived from the book of the Holy Father. There are two plaques and two couplets at the back, which are "both imperial pens", which were written by the emperor. Being able to write plaques and couplets to the ancestral hall of Jiafu is also juxtaposed with what the emperor wrote, "Yan Shenggong Kong Jizong" is not ordinary!

"Yan Sheng Gong" is a title, and it is the title of the descendants of Confucius in feudal society. After the death of Confucius, later dynasties continued to posthumously crown Confucius, becoming the "King of Wenxuan, the Most Holy Ancestor of Dacheng", and the descendants of Confucius were also favored and preferential. The Warring States sealed Wenxinjun, Qin changed to Wentongjun, the Western Han Dynasty sealed the Guannei Marquis, the Eastern Han Dynasty sealed the Baocheng Marquis, and the Sui Dynasty sealed the Shaosheng Marquis. During the reign of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Kong Puzhi, a descendant of Confucius, was the hereditary Duke of Wenxuan, and he was already the top duke among the princes and uncles. Song Renzong to the second year of Confucius to confer the 46th generation of Confucius as the Yan Sheng Gong, since then through the Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty, to 1935, the Kuomintang government changed the last Yan Sheng Gong Kong De to become the "Dacheng Holy Master Worship Official", Yan Sheng Gong title lasted for more than 800 years.

The emperors and generals in history were only the illustrious nobles of one dynasty. Only the descendants of Confucius have been able to pass on from generation to generation by virtue of their status as the grandmasters of the Confucius generation. In "Dream of Red Mansions", Jiafu is "the family of poetry and hairpins, the home of Zhong Ming Ding Food", and it is quite face-saving for Yan Shenggong, who is "the head of the heavenly officials and the teacher of the emperors of all dynasties", to inscribe the family ancestral plaque. Moreover, the text says that "Jia does not fake white jade for the hall of gold and horses", the jade hall and the golden horse gate are the annex buildings of the Weiyang Palace in the Han Dynasty, and they are the places where the scholars wait for the emperor to summon them.

The "Yan Shenggong" in "Dream of Red Mansions" is real, but "Kong Jizong" is fake, which is called "smoke and clouds". The descendants of Confucius are particularly strict in ranking, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, gave Confucius 10 characters below the fifty-six generations, which are used to rank the generations, that is, "Xi, Yan, Gong, Yan, Cheng, Hong, Wen, Zhen, Shang, Yin (later due to avoidance should be Yan)". In the fifth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, he continued to "Xing, Yu, Chuan, Ji, Guang, Zhao, Xian, Qing, Fan, Xiang" 10 words. There is the word "following" in this. In the nineteenth year of Daoguang, he continued the 10 generations of "Ling, De, Wei, Hang, You, Qin, Shao, Nian, Xian, and Yang". Until now, most of the Kong clan people still choose their names strictly according to their seniority, such as Kong Shangren, Kong Qingdong, Kong Fansen, Kong Xiangxi, and Kong Linghui.

According to the generation, "Kong Jizong", if it is true, he should be the sixty-ninth grandson of Confucius, in real history, the sixty-ninth generation of Yan Shenggong is very special. The sixty-ninth grandson of Confucius was called Kong Jihao (hu), the font and, the number Chunzhai, died young at the age of twenty-three in the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi (1719), and his title of Duke of Yansheng was posthumously gifted. Kong Jihao's father is the sixty-eighth generation of Yan Shenggong Kong Chuanduo, Kong Chuanduo was unable to walk due to foot disease, and in the ninth year of Yongzheng (1731), he directly ceded the title to his grandson, that is, Kong Jihao's son Kong Guangtong (qi). Obviously, "Yan Sheng Gong Kong Jizong" is the author's fiction.

Yan Shenggong's raid, worship, marriage, funeral and other important matters must be approved by the emperor, which is a major event that shakes the government and the opposition. For these historical facts of the Yansheng Mansion, a generation of writers like the author of "Dream of Red Mansions" must be well understood. In order to show the status of the Jia family, it is not strange to "invite" a Yan Shenggong to "Dream of Red Mansions" to inscribe the ancestral hall. At the same time, this has also become a time coordinate, and there is a vague half-truth and half-truth of "Yan Shenggong Kong Jizong" in the "blurred place of smoke and clouds", which reflects the general age of the book "Dream of Red Mansions". The fiction of a non-existent Yan Shenggong will not make people sit in the right seat, and it is a taboo of Confucius Sage "the first in the world".

In addition, the author said that "Dream of Red Mansions" was originally a "fake village dialect", and the book was "blurred" and hazy in terms of dynasties, official positions, clothing, supplies, eating habits, etc., giving readers full space for imagination and invisibly increasing the interest of reading. The author not only gave "Dream of Red Mansions" a new name, "The Twelve Hairpins of Jinling".

Juxtaposition is a unique cloud:

Full of absurd words, a handful of bitter tears!

Duyun is an idiot, who understands the taste?

[Jiaxu double-line sandwich batch: This is the first title poem. 】

Note that the critic said that this is the first title poem written by the author, which is familiar to everyone, so I will not explain more. The first poem I read earlier, "The floating life is very hard and busy, and the feast is over." Sorrow and joy are all the same as illusory, and a dream in ancient and modern times is absurd. The red sleeves of the abuse are scarred, and the infatuation is long. Every word seems to be blood, and ten years of hard work is unusual. This is a poem written by a critic.

[Jiazhu Mei Criticism: Those who can understand have bitter tears and cry into this book. On Chinese New Year's Eve, the book was not completed, and Qin died in tears. I often cry, and my tears are gone. Every time I think about Qinggang Peak, I ask Brother Shi again, I don't meet a leper monk! Sad! Now and then, I hope that the Creator will produce another celery and fat, which is a blessing for the book, and the remaining two people are also happy to be in Jiuquan. A no-day August tear pen. 】

Regarding this paragraph of criticism, there are various interpretations, and there are those who think that the criticism is false, I will tell me my opinion, the first few sentences are easy to understand, "Every time I think about Qingganfeng, I ask Brother Shi again, I don't meet a leper monk!" Sad! Now and then, I hope that the Creator will produce another celery and fat, which is a blessing for the book, and the remaining two people are also happy to be in Jiuquan. A no-day August tear pen. "Meaning, I often wonder if I can go to Qinggeng Peak to ask the unfinished story behind the Tianshi, but I don't know where to go to Qinggeng Peak, and I can't meet the "leper monk" to guide me, helpless! Lament! Disconsolate! Such a strange book could not be completed. Now I only hope that the Creator can give birth to Qin and Yan Zhai, one is responsible for conception and writing, and the other is responsible for copying and commenting, how lucky it is for such an immortal work! The two of us can go to another world to our contentment. Now, Qin, go before me, and I will soon die of tears, how can I see him under the Nine Springs? I'm not angry, the book is not finished, and the tears are not angry, no way, the first day and August tears.

So be it, wait for the mastery.

Back to the text, the last sentence, [To the fat Yan Zhai Jiaxu copy and re-comment, still use "Stone Records". It seems that the year of Jiaxu was before the year of Jiawu, which was the second time that Yan Zhai was in charge of transcribing and commenting, and used the author's "real name", which is the name "Stone Record". The author is so careful that he uses several titles, emphasizing many times that "the main purpose is to talk about love" and "not interfering with the times", and the critics have also pointed out "Zhen Shiyin Jia Yucun" many times, and "smoke and clouds are blurred" is mainly afraid of "text prison",

Literary prison generally refers to the persecution of intellectuals by rulers, not only in China, but also in neighboring Korea and Japan. The cause of the literary prison is that the articles of intellectuals offend the taboo of the rulers.

Literary prison has happened many times in the history of our country, for example, when Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records", when he wrote Liu Bang, Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, it can be said that he wrote a straight book, and made a faithful record of Liu Bang's family history and some dark sides.

But when Sima Qian wrote Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he used a lot of curved pens. Despite such caution, the "Historical Records" did not dare to be made public during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Sima Qian was tortured by the palace because of the "Li Ling Incident" and escaped death. In the "Book of Bao Ren'an", he said very clearly that he endured humiliation and lived in order to complete the "Historical Records", and he did not dare to make it public during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, not because he was worried about his own life, but mainly because he was afraid that the "Historical Records" that he had worked so hard to complete would be banned or tampered with.

Sima Qian fully considered that the content of the "Records of the Historian" was critical, so he arranged some protective measures. He said that he wanted to "hide the famous mountain, pass it on to its people and pass it on to the capital", hide it in the deep mountains, you can't find it if you want to burn it, and you can pass it on to future generations. Or let your descendants keep it well, choose the right time, spread it in some big cities, and flow the "Historical Records" into the people, so that if you want to ban books, you may not be able to ban them completely!

Sima Qian's grandson, Yang Yun, made the "Historical Records" shine twenty years later. Yang Yun helped his grandfather escape the literary prison, but he himself was not so lucky, "Book of Han" clearly recorded that Yang Yun because of the "Book of Newspaper Sun Huizong" caused the anger of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, and was sentenced to be beheaded for the crime of great rebellion.

In the last years of Cao Wei, Ji Kang's "Book of Breaking Friendship with Shan Juyuan" offended the powerful minister Sima Zhao, and Ji Kang was also beheaded in Dongshi.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Cui Hao presided over the compilation of national history, and the straight book revealed the humiliating history of the ancestors of the Tuoba clan, and the Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao ordered Cui Hao to be beheaded all over the house, and at the same time even Cui Hao's in-laws, his wife's maiden family, and his children's in-laws, Fanyang Lu's family, Taiyuan Guo's family and Hedong Liu's family were all implicated.

The rulers of the Sui and Tang dynasties were relatively open-minded, open-minded, generous, and tolerant. There are also incidents in which intellectuals have been degraded and dismissed because of their poetry and writing, and the punishment is relatively light. Otherwise, Bai Juyi wouldn't dare to publish "Song of Long Hatred"!

In the Song Dynasty, the situation changed, and the number of literary prisons increased, such as the Su Dongpo Wutai poetry case, as well as the Tongwenguan prison, the Chegaiting poetry case, Li Guang's "Little History" case, the "Jianghu Collection" case, etc., which are almost well known. These are all big and important cases, there are more small literary prisons, and incidents of banning and burning books also occur from time to time, and many wild histories have been banned and destroyed.

The Yuan Dynasty was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of our country, and when the Mongols on horseback ruled, the citizens of the country were divided into four classes, the Mongols, the Semu people, the Han people and the Nan people. The Han people in the southern direction were the Han people in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Huguang, Jiangxi and southern Henan in the Southern Song Dynasty, who were the latest to be conquered. After years of war in the north, the economic and cultural center continued to move south, and the southerners had the most elites, but they were classified as the lowest class, which shows that the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty did not understand Chinese-style management. The ideological and cultural policies were relatively relaxed, and there was basically no record of literary prison, as a result, the south was the first to be chaotic, the south was the most chaotic, the southerners drove the Mongols back to the steppe, and the Yuan Dynasty ruled for less than 100 years.

There are rumors that Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang loves to engage in literary prison, I can't find conclusive evidence, but Yan Wang Zhu Di is different, after the "Jingyan Change", Fang Xiaoru was exterminated because he refused to draft the edict of enthronement for him, and even the students were counted as one family, a total of 873 people, which was too miserable. This is not the end, other texts related to Fang Xiaoru cannot appear, the poems of other ministers who were martyred for Emperor Jianwen are all forbidden to be published, and all texts related to Emperor Jianwen are not allowed to show up, and they are also encouraged to whistleblowers and make an example of others. After Ming Chengzu, the text prison happened from time to time, but the picture was no longer so bloody.

The Qing Dynasty is the second time in the history of our country that the ethnic minorities established a unified dynasty, when the Qing army entered the customs, there were 85,000 Manchurian, Mongolian, and Han people, and Wu Sangui's garrison in Shanhaiguan was 35,000 people, and the total was 120,000. With tens of millions of people to rule, the Manchu rulers had to learn the lessons of the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, and Huang Taiji knew that in order to rule China, he had to gain the support of the original Han ruling forces. Therefore, he attached more importance to the role of Han intellectuals, the landlord class, and the rebel generals of the Ming Dynasty, and adopted a policy of recruiting and buying them.

Conquest by force is only the first step, and in order to govern such a large country and rule such a population, it is necessary to absorb the cultural elite of the Han Chinese into the management. What should I do if I want the Han people to help manage the country, but I am not at ease with the Han people? To unify our thinking and educate these Han people, what kind of education has the most profound significance, the most far-reaching influence, and the most lasting memory? Literary inquisition! Therefore, the literary prison of the Qing Dynasty was unprecedented, and with the consolidation of the Manchu rule, it was further deepened, and by the Qianlong period, it had reached the point of no addition, reaching the pinnacle.

Unlike the Yuan Dynasty, the Manchu ancestors were ruled by the Ming Dynasty, and there are clear records of how much tribute they paid, how many taxes they paid, what work they did, and what officials they were. After the occupation of the Central Plains, the Manchu Emperor was very secretive about this period of history, so Huang Taiji not only tampered with and destroyed the old historical materials, but also indiscriminately slaughtered the history that continued to be compiled and even collected as the crime of "great rebellion".

From the Shunzhi period to the early years of Kangxi, the anti-Qing ideology could not be eliminated for a long time, especially some Han scholars who were unwilling to surrender were attached to the Ming Dynasty, and this cultural thought coupled with the power of Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, Geng Jingzhong and other Han vassal kings was extremely unfavorable to the Manchu rule. Anti-Qing ideology is bound to be devastated, which is also the main reason for the implementation of literary prison in the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods.

In Kangxi's later years, the power struggle in the royal family intensified unprecedentedly, and nine sons seized the heir. Yongzheng is different from Kangxi, he was not favored in his early years, he was suppressed for a long time, experienced cruel political struggles, and his sense of insecurity was very heavy, which led to his mean and unkind methods. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, in order to consolidate the power he had gained, in addition to severely cracking down on the kings who participated in the struggle for the throne, he did not hesitate to use the literary prison to crack down on the kings' henchmen, which was also the main reason for the implementation of the literary prison during the Yongzheng period.

(End of chapter)