Then you can only donate to foreign officials.

Donate to foreign officials, but the Qing government has regulations: the maximum can only be donated to the four products, that is, the level of Taoist (Zheng Si Pin), and the following can also donate to the prefect (from the 4 products) and the county (Zheng 7 products).

Let's say from the bottom up: Zhixian is definitely the most likely, Zheng 7 products are the dishes of the new science and technology scholars, and I am not ashamed to be a county as a person who has already entered the Zhixian County.

And then there are only 2 options: the Taoist and the prefect. Here it is necessary to explain to you the promotion channels of local institutions and local officials in the Qing Dynasty.

First of all, the setting of local institutions, from high to low, the Qing Dynasty followed the Ming system, divided into: province - government (state) - county three levels, but before talking about local institutions, Uncle first talked about a larger concept: nationality. The concept of "nation" is important, and if you understand it, you can understand two more profound concepts:

Why is the Manchu-Han conflict so strong?

Why is the Qing Kingdom ignorant?

The first level of the Manchu concept of local institutions: the nation. Now when we talk about countries and nations, the more classic expression: "56 nationalities are one family". The expression of the Qing Dynasty is different, you only need to look at one sentence to understand: In 1912, Xuantong abdicated and issued an abdication edict, a sentence in the edict: "The complete territory of the Manchu, Han, Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan ethnic groups is still a great Republic of China" The political slogan in the early days of the founding of the Chinese nation was also "the republic of the five ethnic groups", and the patriotism was also described as "love for Wuyi", and the flag used was also a "five-color flag", and each color represented a nation. That is to say, for the concept of "Chinese nation" at that time, everyone recognized the five major ethnic groups, ranked in order: Manchu, Han, Mongolian, Hui, and Tibetan (after the Republic of China, "Han" was put in front of "Manchu").

The Qing Dynasty divided China's "provincial" administrative regions according to the concept of "five ethnic groups": first the Manchu region, then the Han region, and then the Mongolian-Hui-Tibetan region. Knowing this layer, it is easy to understand if you look at the provincial-level administrative regions established by the Qing Dynasty. In fact, if you understand the concept of "five tribes", it will also help you understand the later Xinhai Revolution, and you will understand why there is a saying about "driving out the Tartars".

The second level of the Manchu concept of local institutions: the provincial level. The provincial level is divided into three regions: Manchu region: It is now the northeast, which is the so-called land of Longxing in the Qing Dynasty. The Manchus later gradually formed three generals' districts.

Shengjing, governed by General Shengjing, Shengjing is now Shenyang, Liaoning, and was the capital before the Qing Dynasty, so add the word "Beijing".

Jilin, under the jurisdiction of General Jilin. Heilongjiang, under the jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang general. Han region: It is the later "18 provinces in the interior", which is the main area inhabited by the Han people, and later the Xinhai Revolution "Yang Han suppressed Manchu", and defined "China" as 18 provinces, that is, the 18 provinces inhabited by the Han people, and the famous "iron-blooded eighteen star flag" came from this.

After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the administrative divisions of the Ming Dynasty were used for the areas inhabited by the Han people, and by the time of the Kangxi Emperor, the pattern of the 18 provinces gradually evolved and customized: from then until the Guangxu period, the pattern of the 18 provinces remained roughly unchanged.

They are Zhili, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou.

The names of these provinces are not much different from the current divisions, except for the lack of northeastern and ethnic minority provinces.

Mongolian-Tibetan areas: Now these areas belong to the "ethnic minority" areas, and there are extra points in the college entrance examination.

However, in the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to the old and young border poor areas, collectively known as the "feudal department", which was listed separately and managed by the "Li Fan Yuan". The main areas of the feudal domain are as follows: Mongolia: Mongol.

At this time, Mongolia included Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, at that time, our "Chinese nation" chicken was not a weak chicken, but it is a pity that later our generation did not fight, and lost Outer Mongolia, let down the ancestors, and became a weak chicken that looks slimmer now. Tibet: Tibetan. Qinghai: Tibetan. Xinjiang: Hui.

According to the idea of "nation", it is easy to see clearly the administrative division of "China" in the eyes of the Qing Dynasty. With this concept, it is not difficult to understand why the "Manchu and Han" antagonism is so serious: because during the Qing Dynasty, the rest of China was a "feudal department", the old and the young were poor, and there were only two mainstream ethnic groups, the Manchu and the Han, and a small ethnic group with a population of only one million ruled over a large ethnic group with a population of hundreds of millions.

So the Manchu and the Han did not stand apart.

Let's take a look at the "world view" of the Qing Dynasty, in the eyes of the rulers, the "world" is like this:

NO.1 The best place: the Great Northeast, the land of Longxing in the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

NO.2 Land of indoctrination: 18 provinces in the mainland.

NO.3 The old and the young are poor: "vassal departments", Mongolian and Tibetan areas, although these areas are poor, they are all Chinese "since ancient times" and must accept the central government.

NO.4 Subject states: "vassal states", the most famous such as Korea and Vietnam, they were canonized by China and given seals by China. These regions are not subject to central rule. "The king does not govern Yidi, those who come do not refuse, and those who go do not chase", come and go as you like.

NO.5 Barbarian uncivilized land: In fact, NO.4 is already the farthest place imaginable in the minds of feudal rulers, so after the arrival of Britain and the United States, they don't understand where these "barbarians" came from. It is similar to our modern understanding of "Africa": if you talk about Africa, everyone has a little impression in their minds; But if you want to talk about Mauritania, Burkina Faso, and Sierra Leone under Africa, it is estimated that most people are also confused.

Therefore, there is a reason why the Qing Dynasty was not civilized and so repulsive to the outside world: let them learn Britain and the United States under the cognition of that "world view", just as someone tells you that the indigenous peoples of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, and Sierra Leone have invented the most advanced Internet, we must discard our Internet and learn their indigenous knowledge and civilization in its entirety. You are numb when you stomp, and you are confused when you get on.

Back to the topic.

We only look at the 18 provinces in the mainland, and our story only takes place in the 18 provinces in the mainland. The subordinate unit of the 18 provinces in the interior is the state capital.

The third level of the Manchu concept of local institutions: the state level.

The concept of the state capital is similar to our current "city", and there are three concepts at this level: the most common is "government"; The second is "Zhili Prefecture", and in the Qing Dynasty, Jiaqing set up a new term "Zhili Hall".

"Fu", "Zhili Prefecture" and "Zhili Hall" are all at the same level, which are equivalent to our current concept of "city".

How many "mansions", "Zhili Prefectures" and "Zhili halls" were there in the Qing Dynasty? This number is varied, fluctuating in different periods, giving a general idea:

There are about 170-180 governments in the country, about 70 in Zhili Prefecture, and the Zhili Hall is newly established, but there were no before Jiaqing, and there were 22 in the Jiaqing Dynasty, and it became 45 in the Guangxu Dynasty.

Among them, the reason for the rapid increase in the number of Zhili Hall is because the "Zhili Hall" is mainly used in the newly reclaimed area, because of the rapid population growth in the late Qing Dynasty, the original residence and fields can not support so many people, so the large-scale population migration began, and the newly reclaimed area is the "Zhili Hall", so the number will increase so fast. It was precisely because of the migration of these populations that social turmoil was one of the reasons for the later Taiping Rebellion. Under the state capital is the "county".

The fourth level of the Manchu concept of local institutions: the county level.

In the Qing Dynasty, the county level was already the smallest administrative unit in a province. "County-level" not only has counties, but also states and departments: county-level states and departments are different from the previous "Zhili Prefecture" and "Zhili Hall", which are one level lower than them, usually called "Sanzhou" and "Santing", these two can be understood as the current "county-level cities", and ordinary counties are not much different. "County", "Sanzhou", and "Santing" are the same level, all of which are equivalent to our current concept of "county".

How many "counties", "scattered states" and "scattered halls" were there in the Qing Dynasty? Taking the Guangxu period as an example, according to the records of the "Qing Huidian", there are 1,303 counties, 145 scattered prefectures, and 75 scattered halls, adding up to 1,523, that is to say, there were a total of 1,523 county-level administrative units in the country in the late Qing Dynasty, and there are about 2,800 county-level administrative units in China.

What is the concept of "county seat" in the late Qing Dynasty? Including a "county seat": the walled administrative office is the place where the county magistrate works, there are some towns around the "city", and there are some villages on the periphery, dozens or hundreds, this is a "county seat". The population ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. A county is "the smallest administrative unit recognized by the government".

The fifth level of the Manchu concept of local institutions: the township level.

Township level: Because the imperial power is not lower than the county, there are actually no formal state civil servants at the township level. How can there be no civil servants?

Squire.

That is, the part of the people who were later beaten by us as local tyrants and inferior gentry.

Of course, there is no complete anarchism in the countryside, and the well-known "Baojia" system is a security unit set up for the countryside: 100 households are a "A", and 10 "A" are a "Bao".

The above is the administrative division of the Qing Dynasty from top to bottom.

So if you want to be a magistrate, how can you be promoted one level at a time? Let's take a scholar as an example to see how the Qing Dynasty was able to go from an ordinary person to a local magistrate.

Wu Yunlin waited quietly at the inn after handing over the donation of 3,000 taels of official silver.

A few days passed

I saw several young officials carrying red cloth briefcases on their backs, galloping past them on horseback.

Wu Yunlin's heart moved, and he hurriedly chased after him, and sure enough, this group of officials stopped in front of the inn where he was staying, and was talking to Mei Jiding and the others?

"Hey—over here!" Wu Yunlin waved his hand and shouted.

Mei Jiding and the others saw him, and hurriedly pointed at Wu Yunlin and said to several officials: "My little master is there!" ”

Several officials immediately stepped forward and asked Wu Yunlin: "But Guizhou Wu Yunlin?" ”

"I am!"

"We are engaged in the Ministry of Officials, and we are ordered to announce to you!"

Wu Yunlin was overjoyed, his official position finally came, which made him look forward to and nervous, and he hurriedly asked, "Do you need any ceremony?" ”

"No, it's not a holy decree, you just need to listen to it."

Wu Yunlin hurriedly pointed to the door of the inn and said, "It's inconvenient here, please go inside to the propaganda officer." ”

The three officials followed him into the inn, and read aloud for the first official, "Wu Yunlin, the eighty-eighth person in the second class of the palace examination, has been approved by the court of judges, his background is innocent, his virtue is good, and he meets the conditions for awarding officials. ”

Wu Yunlin hurriedly gave Dumb a look, and Dumb had already prepared thirty taels of silver and handed it to the three officials as tea money.

The three officials smiled and accepted it, and the leading official smiled: "This morning, the first batch of ten jinshi were conferred, and even the champion has not yet been settled, so I want to congratulate Li Tanhua." ”

"The three of you have worked hard!"

The three of them said goodbye and left, and Wu Yunlin breathed a long sigh of relief. The jinshi who have not been conferred the official are still waiting for news in the torment of day by day, while the jinshi who have been conferred the official and have gone through the formalities for the appointment of the official department have returned to their respective hometowns, they basically have a month to settle their families, some are ready to get married, and some return to their hometowns to settle their wives and children, and then go directly to their posts.