The opening of the Paperpiece Building of the exhibition hall faces south, which is divided into the East Building, the North Building and the West Building.

The north building is the main building, and the roofs of the three floors follow the style of ancient architecture.

The north building is dominated by ancient architecture, poetry, philosophy, poetry, and literature; The East Building is dominated by mathematics, physics, chemistry and agriculture; The west building is dominated by food, martial arts, and art exhibitions.

1. Architecture:

With the description of the development history of ancient architecture as the main line, the architectural characteristics of each period are shown to you in the form of models, and it is initially estimated that it will occupy three floors.

The first floor is dominated by Afang Palace, the second floor is dominated by Daming Palace, and the third floor is dominated by the Forbidden City.

According to the development of history, the buildings that appeared in Western history are displayed synchronously, and the proportions have been contrasted.

Of all the buildings, only the main hall was built to scale according to strict workmanship and fittings, and the others were schematic models.

Even so, it's a huge undertaking.

It doesn't matter, there are not enough people, recruit people. It doesn't matter if it's built slowly, it doesn't matter if it's ten or twenty years, if it's done part, it's part of the exhibition.

2. Physics:

It focuses on ancient Chinese physical discoveries, such as mechanics, optics, acoustics, heat, and electromagnetism. Li Guocheng will make physical objects according to the discipline, so that everyone can understand the exploration of physics in ancient China.

(1) Mechanics

The concepts of time and space are correctly defined in the Book of Ink. Such as "long, when the time is different". "Yu, Mi Wei also".

That is, time is a generic term for different times. Space is a location that encompasses everything in every aspect. And distinguishes between the concepts of time and time, such as "beginning, then also." ""Time, or for a long time, or not for a long time. Beginning, when not long. ”

The Mohists also defined mechanical movement as "movement, or (domain) disciples". In other words, motion is a change in the spatial position of an object.

The concept of force is preliminarily discussed in the Book of Ink. "Force, the reason why the punishment (form) is also fighting." That is, the force is what makes the object start moving or speed up its motion.

In the Book of Ink, weight and force are further linked, "Force, the word for weight." Under and (lifting), heavy, fen also". Apparently it points out that the weight of an object is also a force.

And explain that when the object falls or lifts up, there is a force at its disposal. Taking the working principle of orange trees and scales as examples, Mojia summarized the working principle of levers, and put forward the concepts of "this (heavy arm)", "standard (force arm)", "weight" and "weight".

The equilibrium conditions of equal-arm levers and unequal-arm levers are discussed, and it is pointed out that "the long and heavy ones are down, and the light and short ones are up." That is, the balance of the lever not only depends on the weight of the two things, but also depends on the length of the "original" and "target".

It can be seen that the Mohists have known that there are two ways to adjust the balance of leverage, and have discussed the principle of leverage.

The Mohists also describe the reason why an object on an inclined plane is out of balance, and how to use an inclined plane to lift a heavy object. They had designed a kind of inclined car with pulleys with low front and high back, called "ladder", which was used to carry heavy loads along the inclined plane to save manpower.

In the "Book of Ink", it is said: "The end is the body without thickness and the former is also", "The end is also infernal".

That is, the "end" is considered to be the beginning of the object, and the object is divided to "no thickness", and the particle point at the front (i.e., divided to the end) is reached. The end is the most basic thing, and the most basic thing is gapless. This can be said to be the germ of atomism.

When discussing the manufacture of wheels, the "Examination of the Wheel Man" starts from the factors such as force, motion and the influence of different contact with the ground, and talks about the relationship between the shape of the wheel and the speed of movement.

The book also analyzes the techniques related to ballistics.

The "Examination of the Work Record" was the first to make a discussion on the inertia of objects. In the "Chapters of the Guards", it is said: "Persuade the horsepower, the horsepower is exhausted, and the horsepower can be taken out."

This means that when the horse pulls the cart, the horse has stopped exerting force, but the cart can still move forward for some distance, which points out one of the basic properties of the object, inertia, which is also the earliest discussion of the phenomenon of inertia in the world.

In "On Balance", Wang Yun pointed out the reasons for the illusion caused by human vision, when observing the speed of the movement of objects, and how to measure the speed of the movement of objects.

(2) Optics

Starting from the principle of linear propagation of light, which has long been recognized, the "Book of Ink" first puts forward the relationship between shadow, light and matter.

For example, "Jing does not migrate, say that it is changing." That is to say, the shadow is not moving, why do you sometimes see the shadow moving? This is due to the movement of a light source (or object) that causes the shadow to change position.

"The scene is down, there is an end at noon, and the field is long, and it is said to be at the end", pointing out that the reason why the image of the small hole is inverted is because the light rays cross at the small hole, and the length of the image is related to the position of the small hole.

And further said, "The man of light shines like a ray." Those who are lower are also high, and those who are higher are also lower. The foot shades the light, so the scene is on the top; The first cover is glazed, so the scenery is below. In the near and far there is an end and in the light, so the scene is also in the library. "The reason for the small hole imaging is explained concretely.

The Book of Ink also introduces the imaging of plane mirrors, and describes the laws of imaging of concave mirrors and convex mirrors.

In "Dream Creek Writings", there are many optical observations and experimental records and their analysis. For example, the causes of solar and lunar eclipses were theoretically summarized, and for the first time, the scientific truth of the moon's waxing and waning was verified by analogy demonstration experiments.

"Mengxi Writings" also gave an incisive explanation of the principle of light transmission of a kind of bronze mirror in China.

The New Book of Grass Elephants was written by Zhao Youqin (1279-1368), a prominent experimental physicist in ancient China.

In the book, he made a more in-depth study and detailed description of optical phenomena, and used experiments to study the imaging of small holes, and pointed out the laws of small hole imaging.

(3) Thermal

The thermal knowledge discussed in the "Examination of the Work". "Where gold is cast, gold (copper) and tin, black and turbid are exhausted, yellow and white are second, yellow and white are exhausted, green and white are second, green and white are exhausted, and green and white are exhausted. Then it can be cast also. ”

It is pointed out that when smelting metals, it first turns dark red after heating, and then the temperature gradually increases, then orange, yellow, white, and finally cyan.

This is because metals contain impurities such as carbon and sodium, and different substances have different vaporization points, so they can be used as a standard for judging the heat or temperature according to the color of the vaporized substances.

This practical knowledge of the degree of smelting metals, which was summed up in practice, is still used by smelters today.

In "On Balance", there is "If the husband is close to the water, it will be cold, and if it is close to the fire, it will be warm, and the distance will gradually fade, what is it?" Where the qi is added, there is a difference between distance and proximity. ”

"Clouds and mist, the sign of rain, dew in summer, frost in winter, rain in temperature, snow in cold, rain and dew and ice condensation, all come from the earth, and do not fall from the sky."

These expositions can show that Wang Chong not only used "qi" to explain the phenomenon of heat, but also pointed out the relationship between heat transfer and distance.

He also studied the causes of rain, dew, frost, and snow in nature, and pointed out that they were all caused by the evaporation of water on the ground, so in essence he had entered into the study of the relationship between the state of matter and temperature.

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(End of chapter)