At this time, the development of agricultural tools in Wei surpassed the previous generation in terms of the utilization of power, the improvement of machinery, the increase of types, and the scope of use.

Let's talk about the "Qi Min Yaoshu" in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there are only more than 30 kinds of agricultural tools recorded.

In the "Book of Agriculture", which Ran Min personally participated in compiling, the "Atlas of Agricultural Tools" contains as many as 105 kinds of agricultural tools, including almost all agricultural tools, and is accompanied by exquisite illustrations.

At this time, rope sleeves and hooks also appeared.

The rope sleeve is to decompose "a bar" into two ropes, which can increase the traction of cattle ploughing; The hook is to separate the power machine from the working machine.

In this way, the use of rope sleeve to serve the oxen, the plow body can be greatly shortened, and the rotation is convenient, so the ox ploughing can not only be used in paddy fields, flat land, but also can be used in hilly and mountainous areas.

At this time, there was also a plough bed or an improved plough attached to the plough wheel, which could remove reeds and weeds and facilitate cultivation. In paddy field production, there are scrapers for leveling soil and cultivating agricultural tools. A pan is a soil compactor that is combined with a columbus to compact the soil after sowing.

Ran Min borrowed from the invention of the seedling horse in the Song Dynasty to reduce the labor intensity of pulling seedlings in rice field production. During this period, there were also high-efficiency combined farming tools, such as manure and columbian seeds that combined sowing and fertilization, harvesting farming tools that were combined by three parts: wheat cage, wheat samarium, and wheat sage, a cocoon hoe that could cultivate 20 acres in a day, and a multi-purpose water wheel with three things.

In addition to the use of human and animal power, agricultural power also uses wind power and water power for irrigation, drainage and processing of agricultural products.

The S-shaped hook that originally appeared in the Jin Dynasty has been widely used in the Central Plains.

It is to improve the power of agricultural tools and the connecting device of the working machine, double the tensile force of itself, improve the agricultural tools on the agricultural processes such as plows, cocoons, harrows, stalks, hoes, etc., as well as animal power, water power, wind power and other power mechanisms and the connection with the working machine, improve efficiency.

And the young man is Wei Wang Ran Min, who was interviewed privately by Weifu, and the young man who was less than ten years old beside him was his eldest son Ran Ming!

Walking in the field, Ran Min put his hands into his sleeves, looked at the farmers farming in the distance, and said lightly: "A-Ying (Ran Ming's nickname), do you know why my father brought you here?" ”

"Does my father want his children to visit the people more often and learn about the sufferings of the people, especially the farmers?" Ran Ming tilted his head and said.

Hearing this, Ran Min nodded and shook his head again: "Yes and no." A-Ying, the widow naturally hopes that you can learn more about the people's suffering, but this is not enough. As a monarch, you must have a weighing stone in your heart, a weighing stone that can measure the weight of the weight! The suffering of the people is not only what you see and hear, but sometimes, your eyes will also deceive you. ”

"Oh, that's why didn't you go to the countryside of Yecheng for a private visit, but went to Neihuang County, right?"

"Not bad." Ran Min glanced at Ran Ming approvingly, and said, "The officials of the widow measure Yecheng don't have the courage to deceive the widow, but there is no absolute in everything, so it is still necessary to go to a few more places, inspect more, and make a secret visit!" ”

"Father, the child understands."

"Oh? What do you understand? ”

"In the future, children will definitely go to the people more and learn more about the people's sufferings, just like their fathers."

"Why?" Looking at the excited Ran Ming, Ran Min really couldn't hit him.

Ran Ming said: "Because of the suffering of Li Shu, that is, the suffering of the country's society. If the common people can't eat and can't live, they will definitely rise up and rebel, just like Chen Sheng at the end of the Qin Dynasty. ”

Princes and generals, would you rather have a kind? If this sentence is known by someone with a heart, and it is also reported to the government, it is most likely a crime of killing the head. Of course, the law is not punishable, but you have expressed it, it doesn't matter how many years you are in prison, I'm really sorry for "Wei Fa"!

"Ming'er, the widow knows that you are a smart child." Ran Min said with a smile, "Since ancient times, under the Son of Heaven, there are four classes of agriculture and industry, with scholars as the leader, farmers second, craftsmen as the third, and merchants as the last, but among the four, scholars and businessmen are high-ranking officials and dignitaries, while farmers and craftsmen are always struggling and wandering on the food and clothing line, do you know why?" ”

"This ......"

After a while, Ran Ming shook his head and said, "The child doesn't know, and I ask my father to teach me." ”

"A-Ying, you can't learn all this knowledge in books, you have to remember, you have to remember it firmly." Ran Min said meaningfully, "The nobility of a scholar lies in his background and knowledge; The nobility of a businessman lies in cunning and experience; The reason why farmers and craftsmen are always struggling on the subsistence line, and even often starve to death in troubled times, is because they can't change their fate! ”

"But, fate can be changed."

"How do you change that?" Ran Ming was very curious.

Hearing this, Ran Min smiled and said, "This question is too profound, if you don't tell you now, you will know later." ”

"Oh......"

"Ming'er, do you know why various dynasties have always emphasized agriculture and suppressed commerce throughout the ages?"

"Ahh I know this! Ran Ming said, "Because agriculture is the foundation of the country!" If there is no agriculture to support the so-called social crops, where will the country come from? Where did you come from? If all the people of the country have gone to business, then who will come to farm? Therefore, all dynasties have implemented the policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing business! ”

"That's right."

The economic basis of the Chinese feudal era was a self-sufficient natural economy, for people to own land can extract huge wealth, and the land rent income is relatively stable, is the best means to make a fortune; At the same time, as far as the feudal country is concerned, the development of agriculture can enable the people to live and work in peace and contentment, the people can prosper, and the granary of the state treasury will be full.

Therefore, successive rulers regarded the development of agriculture as the "foundation of the country", and suppressed commerce as the "last industry".

Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce was the most basic economic guiding ideology of China's feudal dynasties, which advocated attaching importance to agriculture, taking agriculture as the foundation, and restricting the development of industry and commerce.

From the incentives for ploughing and warfare stipulated in the Shang Dynasty Reform Law, to the heavy agricultural measures of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, until the adjustment of the recovery economy in the early Qing Dynasty, they are all the embodiment of the policy of heavy agriculture and suppressing business. The policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce and the feudal system were by no means accidental, but the inevitable product of the feudal natural economy.

"Historical Records: Qin Shi Huang Benji" contains: "The emperor's merit is industrious. Except for the last peasant, the head of Qiantou is rich. Under the whole world, the heart is determined. ”

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the state adopted encouraging policies to support commercial development. Later, there were increasingly serious problems in society, such as the competition between commerce and agriculture for labor, which affected agricultural production and endangered the rule of the regime, so the idea of valuing agriculture and suppressing business appeared.

By the time of the Warring States Period, all countries emphasized farming and warfare and strengthened centralized power, so the idea of valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce appeared. When Shang Ying realized the reform of the law in the Qin State, he first advocated "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce".

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, after a long period of war, people's livelihood withered, but merchants hoarded for profit.

Han Gaozu "forbade the Jia people to ride in a car, and imposed heavy taxes to embarrass them" and strictly forbade merchants to purchase land, which effectively prevented the recovery of the economy due to the illegal profits of merchants.

In the generation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, measures such as official coinage, monopoly of salt, iron and wine, government-run trafficking, price control, and increased taxation on industrialists and merchants were implemented, which suppressed the power of wealthy merchants to a certain extent.

Ran Min bowed slightly: "My Huaxia has been a big farming country since ancient times, making a living from farming, and mainly relying on the people of Li. A-Ying, my father wants you to remember a sentence, water can carry a boat and capsize a boat! ”

"Water can carry a boat and can also overturn a boat......" Ran Min said this sentence in his mouth, Ran Ming was a little confused, but he knew that his father would not give him an answer, because all this had to be solved by himself!

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Chapter 0374 Shinong Industry and Commerce