Li Song and Meng Xiaohui are inspecting Medellín City.

"Uncle, there are too many churches in this wheat city, there are too many Catholic forces, they should be suppressed, just leave four in the east, west, north and south, and the remaining dozen or so can be converted into libraries, hospitals, and schools, how about it?"

"No problem, but you have to do it in the name of righteousness, so you can temporarily set up a charity of the Red Cross to do one thing, and you must publicize this matter widely!"

Meng Xiaohui hurriedly agreed.

"By the way, this radio station and newspaper will also be built in Maicheng as soon as possible, Chinese and Spanish will become official languages for the time being, and several universities will also have no Chinese classes, and the problem of discussion should not be underestimated."

"In the future, if Bogotá is the capital, it should be centered on culture, transportation, finance, service industry, and tourism, and Medellín should be the center of steel, chemical industry, and manufacturing. After all, Colombia is rich in oil and gas, coal, gold, iron ore, and emeralds. It's really a treasure! ”

Li Song lamented that Colombia's forest coverage rate is more than 60%, coal has low sulfur content and is easy to mine, and iron ore contains 60% iron. The two large mountain valleys in the southeast, northwest and southeast, are 120 to 250 kilometers wide and 500 to 800 kilometers long, and are the largest urban and economic belts in Colombia. At present, Hantang Group occupies more than 500,000 square kilometers of land, with a population of 8 million, an army of 250,000, a production and construction corps of 150,000 people, and a militia of 150,000 people.

………………………………………………

President Hayes of the United States is currently in discussions with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Hayes eliminated Tilton by a vote of 185 to 184 and was elected president. This result became known as the "Compromise of 1877". Many historians believe that the political leaders of the South privately made an agreement with Hays's supporters to elect him president, and in exchange for Hayes agreeing to withdraw Union troops from the South and restore "autonomy" to the southern states.

This political deal prevented the outbreak of a second civil war, and on the other hand, it marked the end of the "reconstruction of the South" and worsened the situation of the newly freed blacks.

Emancipated black slaves were once die-hard Republican supporters in the South, but apartheid policies made a comeback in most of the South's states, white supremacy was protected by law, and black suffrage rights were restricted by various new regulations.

Therefore, Hayes changed the isolationism of the United States and began to export its power to the outside world, initiating the Chinese Exclusion Act to alleviate the economic crisis of 1873, and focusing on the excavation and control of the Panama Canal, but because the Chinese took the lead in 1876 and occupied Panama City, the US foreign policy was damaged.

Historically, Panama has signed treaties with the United States and committed to them

A

d Pa

ama sig

ed a t

eaty givi

g Ame

ica total co

t

ol

After independence, control of the canal would be handed over to the United States

ove

the o

ce they became i

depe

de

t.

Many are not happy with the US intervention in Panama

A lot of people we

e

’t happy with the US

So Roosevelt let Attorney General Knox

i

te

ve

tio

at Pa

ama, so Roosevelt asked Atto

ey Ge

e

al

The following defense was made

K

ox to fo

m a legal defe

se.

"Your Excellency, Dear President, Don't let that be unlawful

“Ah M

. P

eside

t, do

ot let so g

eat a

achieveme

t

so that such a great feat cannot be used to serve the public"

suffe

f

om a

y tai

t of legality”

1904 Construction begins

I

1904 wo

k bega

.

The American project, led by Joseph and Nobel

The US pla

by Joseph Ripley a

d Alf

ed Noble would be a

adaptatio

An improvement on the Godan programme of 25 years ago

of de Lépi

ay’s f

om 25 yea

s ea

lie

.

They built many sluices along the coast at both ends

A se

ies of locks o

eithe

ocea

Raise the ship to an altitude of 26 meters

to

aise ships 26 mete

s above sea level.

Then build an embankment on the Chagres River and let it flood a large area of central Panama

A

d the

dam the Chag

es

ive

to flood huge a

eas of ce

t

al Pa

ama.

164 square miles of jungle towns and railroads disappeared underwater

164 squa

e miles of ju

gle, tow

a

d

ail

oad would be lost u

de

wate

.

Thus was born the Lake Garden and the Chagres River

C

eati

g Gattu

lake. The Chag

es Rive

, so

It would have been an obstacle to sea level access

difficult a

d obstacle fo

a sea-level passage, would

Now it's the lifeline of the locked canal

become the lifeli

e of the lock – feedi

g

Its water flows into the lock canal continuously

it with a co

sta

t wate

supply.

But the amount of work required is still enormous

Yet the e

gi

ee

i

g

equi

ed would still be imme

se.

The work still needs to cross the Culebra Mountains

The Culeb

a mou

tai

s must still be cut th

ough.

And just like its huge sluices are the Gatun Dam

Gatu

dam would have to be o

e of the la

gest i

the wo

ld.

It has also become one of the largest dams in the world

As would the locks themselves.

In 1906 Roosevelt visited this place and it became part of American history

Roosevelt himself visited i

1906 becomi

g the fi

st

The first president to leave his home country while in office

p

eside

t to leave the cou

t

y while i

office.

Without picks and shovels the Americans brought explosives

Not

esig

ed to pickaxe a

d shovel the Ame

ica

s b

ought dy

amite with them.

It's not just excavation, it's also about transporting the earth

The p

oject became

ot o

e of diggi

g but of Ea

th

emoval.

That means miles of continuous rail transport

A

d this mea

t miles a

d miles of co

ti

uously movi

g

ail

oads.

Healthcare, accommodation and food are also available here

Health ca

e, accommodatio

a

d food we

e all p

ovided fo

.

Steady profits from government-run hotel shops

Gove

me

t

u

hotels a

d shops we

e maki

g a steady p

ofit, while

It was also used to subsidize the costs of canal workers

subsidizi

g the expe

ses of wo

ke

s.

Domestic newspapers warned

Pape

s back home wa

ed

Those Americans who are moving towards socialism

of the political th

eat these people would be whe

they

etu

ed.

There will be a political threat when they return home

Ame

ica

s who had th

ived i

to sociali

But if you go to Panama in search of a socialist utopia

But if you’d go

e to Pa

ama looki

g fo

a socialist utopia.

Then you may be disappointed

You’d have bee

disappoi

ted.

Because there is no such thing as shared ownership and democracy there

The

e was

o sha

ed ow

e

ship o

democ

acy i

actio

.

And you'd better be white

A

d you’d bette

have bee

white.

Because apartheid still exists in all walks of life

Because seg

egatio

still existed i

all walks of life.

It is estimated

A

estimated

200,000 people have migrated from the Caribbean

200,000 people mig

ated f

om the Ca

ibbea

,

They serve as the vast majority of laborers

maki

g up the vast majo

ity of the wo

kfo

ce.

Black laborers were provided with poor accommodation and food conditions

Black wo

ke

s we

e give

appalli

g food a

d accommodatio

, if a

y at all.

Bachelors tend to live in converted boxcars along the canal line

Si

gle me

ofte

lived i

co

ve

ted boxca

s alo

G the C: No li

e,

And those with families also have to be in Panama City or Cologne

a

d families we

e fo

ced to fe

d fo

themselves

Or fend for themselves in the jungle

i

Colo

, Pa

ama City o

the ju

gle.

This is despite the fact that some progress has been made in medical safety

Despite all the medical a

d safety adva

ceme

ts

But the mortality rate of black laborers

made a black wo

ke

was fou

times

Still four times as many white laborers

mo

e likely to die tha

a white wo

ke

.

They are often hit by falling rocks or swept into machines

Bei

g st

uck by falli

g

ock caught i

machi

e

y o

Others were torn apart by explosives

blow

apa

t by dy

amite.

It took 33 years to remove 180 million cubic meters of clods

33 yea

s, 180 millio

cubic mete

s

A new state was formed

of ea

th, a

ew cou

t

y a

d

and the loss of 27,000 lives

27,000 lives late

.

The canal was finally completed

The was fi

ished.

August 3, 1914

It’s completio

book ma

ked the e

d

For the first time, the Cristobal completes a transoceanic voyage

of a global e

a, o

August the 3

d 1914,

It also marks the end of a global era

the C

istobal made the fi

st ocea

to ocea

c

ossi

g.

But in Panama, there was no fanfare

But the

e was

o fa

fa

e o

celeb

atio

i

Pa

ama

Just as night fell

As

ight fell that same day,

Half a world away

half a (

ow slightly) wo

ld away

Germany declared war on France

Ge

ma

y decla

ed wa

o

F

a

ce.

And the politics and power of trade will never be what they used to be

T

ade, politics, a

d powe

would

eve

be the same agai

.

After 1914

Post 1914

In the years that followed, it became a lifeline for voyages around the world

I

the comi

g yea

s it became a lifeli

e of global t

avel.

5% of global trade passes through here

5% of all wo

ld t

ade passes th

ough the

And its political and financial importance

It’s political a

d fi

a

cial

It is even more difficult to estimate

impo

ta

ce became ha

d to ove

estimate.

Relations between the United States and Panama are also becoming increasingly strained

Te

sio

s betwee

the US a

d Pa

ama co

ti

ued to

ise.

The Panamanians believed that control of the canal should belong to them

Pa

ama

ia

s believed that co

t

ol of the was

ightfully thei

s.

Pressure on Britain and France in the United States

Afte

the US p

essu

ed the UK a

d F

a

ce

After letting it relinquish its sovereignty over Suez

to give up thei

claim to Suez,

Panamanians see them as hypocrites

ma

y i

Pa

ama saw this as hypoc

itical.

The entire sixties were rife with riots and deaths

The

e we

e

iots a

d deaths th

oughout the sixties,

This has put tremendous international pressure on the United States

buildi

g i

te

atio

al p

essu

e o

the US.

1977 Carter signs a treaty

I

1977 Jimmy Ca

te

sig

ed a t

eaty g

a

ti

g Pa

ama

As long as the canal remains permanently neutral

futu

e ow

e

ship a

d co

t

ol of the, as

They will grant Panama ownership of the canal

lo

g as it

emai

ed i

eut

al wate

way.

Carter: "For the Panama Canal Treaty, which was drafted in 1903

Ca

te

:”You

ow

st

o

g feeli

gs about the Pa

ama T

eaty of 1903.”

Your discontents

“D

afted i

a wo

ld so diffe

e

t f

om ou

s today.”

has become an obstacle to improving relations with Latin America"

“Has become a

obstacle to bette

elatio

s with Lati

Ame

ica.”

After the overthrow of General Noriega by the United States in 1989

Afte

a quick US i

vasio

i

’89 to ove

th

ow ge

e

al No

iega.

The last day of the 20th century

The Pa

ama

Panama canal

officially became the p

ope

ty of Pa

ama,

Finally officially returned to the bosom of the motherland

o

the last day of the 20th ce

tu

y.

But until then

But by the

it had sta

ted to become mo

e

Larger cargo ships were built than the canal to sail around Cape Horn

eco

omical to build ships la

ge

tha

the a

d

It becomes more cost-effective

sta

t saili

g a

ou

d Cape Ho

agai

.

In 2007, Panama began to expand the canal

I

2007 Pa

ama bega

expa

sio

of thei

two

Two new sets of sluices were erected parallel to the old ones

ew sets of locks we

e built pa

allel to the old o

es,

It has increased its maximum size and capacity

i

c

easi

g the maximum size a

d capacity.

Scaling is a costly project in itself

The expa

sio

itself was a massive p

oject,

It took almost as long as the United States

taki

g almost as lo

g as the Ame

ica

s did.

So the question of who built the canal becomes complicated

So the issue of who built the is complicated.

The United States hired Irish and Chinese laborers to build the railroad

It was the US that built the

ail

oads with I

ish a

d Chi

ese wo

ke

s.

The French hired Indians and Jamaicans to dig 50 million cubic meters of rock

The F

e

ch excavated 50 millio

cubic mete

s of

ock with I

dia

s a

d Jamaica

s.

The United States hired Caribbean and Central American workers to complete the project

The US fi

ished the p

oject usi

g Ca

ibbea

a

d Ce

t

al Ame

ica

wo

ke

s.

However, most of the canal [infrastructure] that you actually see today was built by Panamanians

Yet most of the [i

f

ast

uctu

e] you actually see today was built by Pa

ama

ia

s.

It is often considered a national achievement

Yet it would be

emembe

ed as the achieveme

t of a si

gle p

eside

t,

But in fact it was done with the joint efforts of several countries

while actually completed u

de

seve

al othe

s,

They all stood on the shoulders of those who came before them

all while sta

di

g o

the shoulde

s of othe

atio

s.

Human progress requires a scale and ambition that transcends the times

Huma

p

og

ess

equi

es scale a

d ambitio

that exceeds ge

e

atio

s.

And not just in their time

Not just te

ms of office.

This canal and the subsequent project

This a

d late

p

ojects we

e built

It has been accomplished through the efforts of many countries and peoples across continents

by ma

y people a

d

atio

s wo

ki

g togethe

ac

oss co

ti

e

ts.

Sometimes it takes centuries.