"This ......"

Zhu Gaoxu scratched his beard, he really didn't know much about the land system of the current Ming Dynasty.

And the knowledgeable Li Jinglong took over the words in a timely manner and played the role of praise given to him by Zhu Di.

"Emperor Taizu Gao founded the country and set the land system inherited from the Song and Yuan dynasties, that is, the two-field system."

"The nature of the land in the Ming Dynasty is divided into two types: official land and private land, of which the official land is about 120 million hectares, accounting for about one-seventh, and the private land is about 720 million hectares, accounting for six-sevenths.

Li Jinglong paused, and then said: "The main sources of official fields are the official fields inherited from the Yuan Dynasty, and the second is the land that was confiscated when the local separatist forces were pacified...... For example, when Zhang Shicheng, the puppet king of Wu, was leveled, all the land and property owned by the puppet Wu magnates were classified as official land. Most of the rich and wealthy people in the Su, Song, Jia, and Lake areas were also confiscated for the crime of joint sitting. ”

The so-called evil rich people, well, are actually the local scholar families that were entrenched in Su, Song, Jia, Hu and other prefectures from the end of the Song Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

"In addition to the royal family, vassal kings, honorable nobles and other fields in the official field, there are also tuntian, which is divided into military tun, merchant tun, and mintun, the latter two can be ignored, mainly the military tun all over the country, Emperor Taizu Gao stipulated that the rent per mu is one bucket, and the rest is used for the life of the official and military rations of the guard."

"Private land is counted by the fish scale book, which is divided into two types: general map and sub-map. The sub-map is based on the unit of Lijia, and then summarized into the general map of the township unit by a number of sub-maps, which is updated every ten years. ”

Li Jinglong thought for a moment and said: "If we follow the first point, who owns all the materials for producing grain, such as arable land, ploughing cattle, and seeds...... The official land of the Ming Dynasty belonged to the state and was distributed to the royal family, vassal kings, nobles, and the army, while the private land belonged to farmers or landlords. ”

"The second point is the position of the producers and the owners of the grain, both landlords and tenant farmers, and yeoman farmers. The third point is also based on the second point, to whom the grain is ultimately distributed. ”

Jiang Xinghuo nodded, he said in detail, obviously a knowledgeable son, not a simple Qin Huai drifter.

At this time, Zhu Gaoxu's attitude towards Li Jinglong has obviously changed.

Zhu Gaoxu said in his heart: "I didn't expect Li Jinglong to be able to fight, but he knows a lot of other things." ”

"What you said is very good, then I will briefly talk about the three points of the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty according to the differences between the dynasties, and you can listen to what is the difference between them and the present, so as to understand the evolution of the land system."

Jiang Xinghuo said slowly: "At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the Guanlong military aristocratic group inherited the Juntian system since the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the Great Sui Dynasty, and adapted to the sharp decline in population after the war at the end of the Sui Dynasty; In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, due to the destruction of the Anshi Rebellion and the seriousness of land annexation, the uniform land system was abandoned, and the tenant was used to modulate and recognize the private ownership of land; In the late Tang Dynasty, in order to reduce the burden on the people and to collect taxes efficiently, the reform of the two-tax system was carried out...... Generally speaking, the land system of the Tang Dynasty was owned by the state, gradually transitioned to the ownership of landlords and yeoman farmers, and finally to the ownership of large landowners, and the tax system also changed with the change of the land system. ”

"In the Song Dynasty, due to the loose economic policy, the annexation of private land was not inhibited, so the land owned by the state was greatly reduced, and the land system was basically dominated by landlords, supplemented by homesteaders."

"And it is precisely because of the land system that the landlords will do their best to carry out land annexation, which will inevitably lead to a large number of bankruptcies of yeoman farmers."

"Therefore, Wang Anshi implemented the Qingmiao Law, trying to subsidize yeoman farmers from the 'means of production' and curb land annexation."

"But it is a pity that Wang Anshi is facing the opposition of the entire landlord class, even if Wang Anshi does not dare to change the two points of 'the mutual status of those who produce grain and those who own it' and 'who ultimately distributes the grain', but the reform that touches the interests of the landlord class ultimately ends in failure."

"As for the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty implemented the two-field system in the land system and the tax package system in the tax system, and after satisfying the interests of the Mongolian aristocracy, the Han people and landlords were allowed to knock the bones and marrow of the people, and did not touch the interests of the landlord class at all, and in the end, the oppressed yeoman peasant class lost a large area of land, and it was inevitable that they would revolt, there is nothing to say."

Jiang Xinghuo finally concluded.

"Therefore, looking at the evolution of the land system in the past thousand years, we can draw a simple rule."

"The land system (i.e., the nature of land ownership) determines the tax system, the ratio of the landlord class to the yeoman peasant class determines the dynastic tax base, and the size of the tax base dominated by agricultural taxes determines the dynastic lifespan."

What Jiang Xinghuo didn't give an example was the last feudal dynasty in the future, the Qing Dynasty.

It was a being who magically jumped out of the above rules at the end of the dynasty.

The reason is also very simple, the evolution of agricultural society to industrial society has led to the failure of the empirical laws of agricultural dynasties.

In other words, the law has not failed, or the expansion of the tax base such as tariffs and gold has extended the life of the Qing Dynasty, but the tariffs have nothing to do with land ownership, so it is not determined by the ratio of the landlord class to the yeoman peasant class.

Zhu Gaoxu only realized at this time, and he said excitedly.

"Therefore, as long as the land system is used to control the landlord class and not to account too much, the life of the Ming Dynasty can be extended!"

When Li Jinglong heard this, he was speechless for a while.

That's exactly what happened.

But it's the same as if you can live forever as long as you don't get sick and grow old, isn't that nonsense?

The landlord class carries out land annexation, which is something engraved in the bones and has nothing to do with people.

On the contrary, a tenant farmer turned into a small landlord will be more industrious and crazy in carrying out land acquisitions than the original landlord.

And Zhu Gaochi next door is obviously more sensitive than Li Jinglong in terms of governance, and he clearly understands that what Jiang Xinghuo said is definitely not nonsense!

"Land determines taxes!

Proportionality determines the tax base!

The tax base determines the lifespan! ”

Hearing the summary of the law of this seat, for Zhu Gaochi, who is in charge of the national affairs of the Ming Dynasty, it is like drinking a bowl of ice water in the summer, refreshing from the head to the stomach.

Zhu Gaochi was a little shocked in his heart, he had imagined the limit of Jiang Xinghuo's talent before.

Unexpectedly, Jiang Xinghuo had already touched the limit of his imagination in just one sentence.

Jiang Xinghuo turned out to be such a great talent, and he was able to explain the root cause between the land system and the tax system for thousands of years.

This is what he thinks is a rare virtuous and talented man Yang Rong, Yang Shiqi and others can't do!

Zhu Gaochi turned around and grabbed Zhu Di's sleeve, and said happily: "Congratulations to my father, you have been so amazing!" ”

Zhu Di smiled reservedly, patted Da'er's shoulder, and said.

"Where is this...... Listen, since Jiang Xinghuo has summed up the law that the land system determines the lifespan of the dynasty, then he will definitely come up with a way to solve it. ”