"Temperature and precipitation have affected the course of history."

In the secret room next door, Zhang Yuchu woke up from that thoughtful state.

The classics of the Chinese dynasties are vast, and there are many strange books preserved in the Longhu Mountain vein about the deduction of the laws of historical evolution.

"Push Back Picture" and the like, Zhang Yuchu is even more rotten.

But Zhang Yuchu suddenly found that these explanations of history derived from the occult and predictions of the future seem to be . is not as reliable as Jiang Xinghuo's statement?

"Zhang Tianshi, what do you think of Mr. Jiang's statement on the impact of temperature and precipitation on history?"

Zhu Gaochi turned his head to look at Zhang Yuchu, the "Daomen Confucian", and asked for his opinion.

From Zhu Gaochi's point of view, Zhang Yuchu and Zhang Tianshi were completely immersed in the content of the lecture just now.

At this time, even Zhang Yuchu didn't want to admit it, but he could only say.

"What Jiang Xinghuo said does make some sense."

Of course, regarding whether there are immortals in this world, Zhang Tianshi tossed and turned last night, and still firmly believed that there was no.

Yuan Hui and Dao Yan must still not be good enough, and they don't understand.

We have cultivated immortals in Longhu Mountain for more than a thousand years, are there any immortals in this world, I still don't know?

Therefore, Zhang Yuchu still doesn't admit in his heart that Jiang Xinghuo is an immortal, but he just thinks that his knowledge is indeed a little bit deeper than others, and his insight is indeed a little sharper than others.

Only a little bit.

Of course, Zhang Tianshi has always been known for his knowledge, so he will not let himself fall into a significant disadvantage.

"In fact, when it comes to the relationship between elephants and hot and cold, there are still some theories." Zhang Yuchu said.

"Oh?" Zhu Gaochi looked at him and said, "Master Zhang might as well talk about it." ”

"According to the classics of Longhu Mountain, well, the earliest can be traced back to the period of the Five Dou Mi Sect, when Shijun once obtained an ancient fragment."

Zhang Yuchu began to talk about the ancient secrets that no one knew whether they were true or false, and this opening sentence was similar to the "long long ago" in Western stories.

"In ancient times, Dayu ruled the water, once divided Kyushu, and divided the world into Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Liangzhou, Yongzhou, and Yuzhou. Yuzhou is the center, and other states surround Yuzhou. ”

"And the word 'Yu' means that a man is holding a spear and leading an elephant."

"In other words, in the Xia Dynasty, elephants lived in the Central Plains, and the temperature at that time should have been extremely warm."

"Even in the last years of the Shang Dynasty, there was a record: the merchant dressed as an elephant, and in order to abuse Dongyi, the Duke of Zhou chased him with a teacher, as for Jiangnan."

"And, the Duke of Zhou, the king of Wu, punished and killed, three years to beg his king, drove Lian to kill him in the corner of the sea, destroyed the country fifty, drove tigers, leopards and rhinos away from it, and the world was happy."

"The ancients thought that the elephants were killed by the Duke of Zhou, but this should also be due to the fact that the Central Plains is no longer suitable for elephants to survive, and later the people of the Zhou Dynasty have never seen elephants again."

"And since these people have never seen elephants, and have heard the older generation say it, but they don't know what it looks like, they have the word 'imagination'."

Xia Yuan Ji Wan'er smiled: "What Zhang Tianshi said is interesting, is this how 'imagination' comes from?" I'm lonely. ”

Zhu Gaochi also laughed, and his worried mood just now improved a little.

On the other side of the wall, the lectures did not stop.

"For the Tang Dynasty, although the drop in temperature led to a decrease in grain production, due to the division of feudal towns, the grain pressure in the central Tang Dynasty in the middle and late periods. It's not that big, actually. ”

A hint of a smile appeared on the corner of Jiang Xinghuo's mouth.

"Many people don't need the emperor to manage at all, they support themselves, it doesn't matter if they don't live or not, if there is a rebellion in the locality, the local government will solve it by itself, and the emperor will write an edict to admit that it is good to make a festival or stay behind."

After laughing at the anarchist Tang Dynasty in the middle and late stages, Jiang Xinghuo continued to talk about Tubo just now.

"But it's different for Tibet, whose population was about one million after the annexation of Zhangxiong, and even at its peak, it occupied Tianzhu north of Longxi and the Ganges, counting all the other ethnic groups under its rule, that is, three million."

"Even Tibet, which usually conscripted all adult able-bodied men as soldiers, had to reclaim all the arable land on the plateau to support up to one-tenth of the army, and could barely sustain itself."

"After the temperature dropped, the fragmented Tang Dynasty could still be maintained, and the grain production of Tibet was completely self-sufficient, and it could not be satisfied at all by plundering, and the entire Tubo Dynasty collapsed directly, degenerating from the dynasty into a large slave tribe. The plateau, with its abundant water and grass and moist soil, has also become an extremely sparsely populated semi-uninhabited area, and until the Hongwu Dynasty, there was still no sign of recovery. ”

After listening to this story, not only Zhu Gaoxu, but also Li Jinglong fell into contemplation at the same time.

Temperature and precipitation are two factors that you don't even notice in your daily life.

It can decide the fate of a dynasty!

Li Jinglong wanted to refute, but after thinking about it repeatedly, he finally found that there was no way to refute it!

That's what we're looking for.

Otherwise, how to explain the Tibetan "rise and fall"?

While the two were pondering, Jiang Xinghuo continued: "Of course, Tubo is still good, although it survives, it can survive in the end, most of the countries in the Western Regions have completely disappeared from the desert because of the lack of precipitation. ”

"In Tang poetry, the country that is most often mentioned by Biansai poets and the most innocent is Loulan."

"Wang Changling: Huangsha wears gold armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned if it is not broken.

Li Bai: I am willing to put the sword down my waist and cut Loulan directly.

Gao Shi: Horseshoe meridian moon cave, swordsmanship refers to Loulan.

Cen Shen: The year before last, Loulan was chopped, and the year was flat.

Du Fu: When is it too late for the subject country to return, Loulan has not been returned. ”

Jiang Xinghuo himself couldn't help but laugh and said: "I don't know who Loulan has offended, it's so unlucky, as long as he is a famous poet, he can't preach without killing Loulan." ”

Zhu Gaoxu and Li Jinglong also laughed.

However, Jiang Xinghuo retracted after laughing, sighed and said.

"It's a pity that Loulan was not killed by these poets one by one, but by the gradually disappearing precipitation."

"In the past, the ancient city of Loulan was on the edge of the Juyan Sea, which was really an inland sea, with rivers such as the Shule River, the Peacock River, and the Tarim River flowing in, with abundant water and grass, and herds of cattle and sheep."

"However, in the mid-to-late Tang Dynasty, because of the decrease in precipitation, even the vegetation could not survive."

"Loulan is already the top country in the number of households in the Western Regions, during the Tang Dynasty, the countries under the jurisdiction of the Western Regions Protectorate, in addition to Khotan and Ningmi, which have 3,300 households, are tied for the first place, followed by 1,500 households in Loulan (about 14,000 people, more than 2,000 troops), and the rest of the Jingjue, Jimo, Xiaowan, Pishan and other countries, in fact, there are only a few hundred households and thousands of people."

Jiang Xinghuo continued: "Now, a country like Loulan in the Western Regions has long since perished, and even the capital has been abandoned, and there is not even a single living person in it, because the local area cannot survive at all. Hundreds of years have passed since the Tang Dynasty, if you have the opportunity to take a look, the area around the ancient city of Loulan is still empty, and most of the supply stations along the way have been destroyed, which is one of the reasons why the Silk Road is almost cut off. ”

After listening, Zhu Gaoxu and Li Jinglong were a little shocked in their hearts.

This kind of shock is not the kind of thing that is hit on the head by some huge news, but the kind of heaviness that seems to have happened in the heavy history and silently appeared in front of their eyes again.

They seem to have seen the once beautiful city buried under the yellow sand of the distant Western Regions, and the orchids with all kinds of charms have long been turned into dry bones and gone with the wind, only the poplar forest that has not fallen for thousands of years tells the story that happened there.

The once powerful Tang Dynasty, the famous Tubo, and the mysterious and beautiful Loulan all came to different fates because of temperature and precipitation.

So Daming, what will be the outcome of the future?

"Although the Tang Dynasty and Tibet perished, the temperature and precipitation will continue to affect the historical process of Chinese civilization,"

"In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the temperature dropped, and the climate began to become cold, and this cooling process that led to cold did not happen overnight, and even had ups and downs in the process."

"After the turmoil of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty ushered in a period of warming, at that time, not only the sixteen states of Youyun in the north began to be suitable for cultivation and habitation again, but even Hebei formed a large number of lakes, swamps, and rivers, and the Northern Song Dynasty even relied on these lakes and rivers to build a defense line on the plain to block the Liao people from going south."

Just when the emotions of the two of them raised slightly, Jiang Xinghuo's words turned low.

"But the good times didn't last long, only more than a hundred years later, on the eve of the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the temperature began to drop again, and this time the warm period that lasted for a hundred years came to an end."

According to the historical records, on December 20, the fourth year of the Northern Song Dynasty, it snowed heavily in Quanzhou, and the port of Quanzhou was even frozen. In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty, Taihu Lake was completely frozen. ”

"And the Jin people in Liaodong also began to walk out of the deep mountains and old forests because they couldn't bear the cold, and went south to destroy Liao and Song."

"However, the big cold period after the rebound of this warm period lasted for a very long time."

Zhu Gaoxu blurted out: "Mongols! ”

"Yes, the impact of temperature on the grasslands is far greater than that of the plains." Jiang Xinghuo nodded and said.

Li Jinglong asked tentatively: "The Mongols were also forced to integrate and go south to conquer the world because the steppes were getting colder?" But why is the grassland much more affected by the temperature than the plain? ”

"Because the grassland is farther from the ocean than the plain is from the ocean."

Seeing that the two didn't understand much, Jiang Xinghuo explained the principle.

"In addition to the temperature, there is another thing, which is the temperature difference."

"Did you know that water bodies can regulate temperature differences?"

Li Jinglong nodded and said, "As I said just now, take the example of West Lake. ”

"It's different from that, then I'll tell you another concept, it's called 'specific heat capacity'."

Jiang Xinghuo said with a smile: "The meaning of this term is actually very simple, it is the heat required for an object of the same weight to rise to the same temperature. ”

"Do you believe it that the same heat, consumed on gold, rises much hotter than water?"

Li Jinglong rubbed his chin, this phenomenon, he usually didn't notice it at all.

So, Li Jinglong looked at Zhu Gaoxu.

Li Jinglong recently discovered one of Zhu's strengths, which is that he seems to have a lot of life experience.

Sure enough, Zhu Gaoxu did not disappoint him, and gave a real example with his simple life experience.

"I do."

Zhu Gaoxu moved his neck and said: "Once I watched the craftsman burn gold beans for me, it was probably a small piece of dog head financialized, and at that time there happened to be a big pot of water boiling next to him. The quality of the coal used in it is the same, and the amount of shovel in is about the same. ”

"The result?" Li Jinglong asked curiously.

"It's all burned in containers, and the gold melts quickly, and the water doesn't smoke yet."

Zhu Gaoxu's common sense of life is once again successful, although ordinary people will not have the experience of taking a piece of dog's head gold to burn gold beans.

"Sort of."

Jiang Xinghuo said: "This is the meaning of specific heat capacity, in other words, water rises the same temperature and falls at the same temperature, absorbing a lot of heat and releasing a lot." ”

The secret room next door.

"That's not right!"

"Your Highness, you think." Zhang Tianshi frowned slightly, and said: "If Jiang Xinghuo says this, then since the ocean has released cold air, the plains closer to the ocean should be cooled more than the grassland, why is the grassland more affected by the cooling?" ”

Zhu Gaochi thought for a while and said, "Maybe it's because the grassland is closer to the north?" ”

"It doesn't make sense."

Xia Yuanji is also a little puzzled, if Jiang Xinghuo does not mention the concept of "specific heat capacity", then according to the previous statement, it is the temperature that determines the precipitation, and the precipitation determines the dividing line between farming and nomadism.

This statement is easier for them to accept, after all, this is real common sense in life.

The further north you go, the less rain there is.

But now Jiang Xinghuo said that the ocean has released cold air, but the grassland has been affected more than the plain, which sounds very unreasonable.

Because it stands to reason that the plain is closer to the ocean than the grassland, it should be affected by the greater temperature drop in the plain, and after being transmitted to the grassland, the grassland should be less affected.

"Let's listen to what Master Jiang has to say."

Xia Yuanji motioned to Zhang Tianshi to calm down.

On the other side of the wall, Li Jinglong also thought of this problem first.

"Shouldn't the plains be closer to the sea?"

"No, you misunderstood."

Jiang Xinghuo's answer made Li Jinglong a little stunned.

"Many phenomena are actually contrary to your daily cognition."

"Can you give an example?" Li Jinglong asked.

"Earlier he answered the difference between the temperature of the valley and the top of the mountain, you think about another question." Jiang Xinghuo asked almost without thinking: "For example, do you think the temperature gap between day and night is relatively large at the seaside, or is the temperature gap between day and night in the mountainous area?" ”

Li Jinglong began to ponder, and as the time of thinking prolonged, his expression gradually became incredulous.

"When I was visiting West Lake, I went to see the tide of the Qiantang River again, and stayed by the Qiantang River at night. It seems that there is not much difference in temperature between day and night? It's slow to heat during the day and slow to get cold at night. ”

Immediately afterwards, Li Jinglong deduced an answer that made him a little incredible.

"In other words, the closer you are to the ocean, the smaller the temperature difference?"

"Yes!"

Jiang Xinghuo recently likes to guide two students to come to the right conclusion through their own thinking, which makes him feel that he is not cramming education.

"Water bodies can effectively regulate the temperature difference, and the grassland is precisely because of the lack of water bodies, so the temperature difference is large, has any of you been to the grassland?"

"I've been."

Zhu Gaoxu, who went south and north to cut people in a physical sense, once again surpassed Li Jinglong in life experience.

"What do you think of the temperature difference between day and night?" Jiang Xinghuo asked.

"It's extremely hot during the day and extremely cold at night, and the same is true of the Gobi desert." Zhu Gaoxu recalled the painful events.

"So you see? The temperature is not the same as the temperature difference. ”

Jiang Xinghuo said: "On the grassland, because there is no huge body of water such as the ocean with a huge specific heat capacity to regulate the temperature difference, the temperature difference between day and night on the grassland is very large, do you think about it, what will be the consequences of the huge temperature difference? ”

Li Jinglong pondered for a moment and said: "Plants and trees should be extremely difficult to grow, because the grass and trees will be very hot during the day, and at night they will freeze and frost. As a result, the grass and trees will wither, the cattle and sheep will lose fat, and the people on the grassland will inevitably choose to go south! ”

"That's the reason, nomadic people, than agricultural people, are actually more dependent on temperature and precipitation to survive."

Jiang Xinghuo said briefly: "The principle is very simple, the grassland grassland, the most important thing is the grass." Warm sunshine and abundant precipitation will make the grass on the grassland more and more lush, and cattle and sheep rely on grass, the more grass they eat, the better, the fatter they grow, and the nomadic herdsmen can also eat more beef and mutton, cattle and sheep milk, so as to become stronger and better at fighting. ”

"And once the temperature drops, because of the lack of a huge body of water with a high specific heat capacity, the environment of the grassland becomes extremely harsh, and it goes into a vicious circle, that is, drought and locust plague make the grass grow poorly, cattle and sheep decrease, and the cold makes the nomads need more food to conserve their body temperature, but the food is decreasing."

"If you were a nomad living in such a steppe environment, what do you think you should do now?"

Zhu Gaoxu adheres to the consistent view he has adhered to since his economics class.

"How can I sit back and wait to starve to death? It must be while he still has the strength to stone others to death, and then snatch the food. ”

"Coincidentally, the Mongols thought so too." Jiang Xinghuo nodded and said.

"So you see? In other words, it was Birerong who forced the Mongols to conquer the world. ”

The second chapter is still a little later, and I am checking the information and proofreading, and I can't remember some professional knowledge clearly, so I'm really afraid of making mistakes

(End of chapter)