"Dare to ask Xiaoyou, what is 'natural science' and what is 'social science'?"

Zhuo Jing asked, his cloudy eyes revealing curiosity.

Jiang Xinghuo replied: "Natural science is the science that studies the form, structure, properties and laws of motion of matter in nature; Social science is a science that takes social phenomena as the object of study, and its task is to study and expound various social phenomena and their development laws. ”

I don't really understand what "science" means, but it's good that it's a science called "science". And "nature" and "society" are also understandable by these two people without barriers.

If "science" is excluded, then Zhuo Jing and his fellow inmates looked at each other for a moment, and then thought about it carefully, but felt that what the other party said was indeed extremely accurate.

So, combined with what Dao Yan said before, Old Man Zhuo's curiosity was aroused again.

"So what knowledge does Xiaoyou think is included in natural science?"

Jiang Xinghuo said simply: "Mathematics, astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry, and life science." ”

As soon as these words came out, the two were a little confused.

Zhuo Jing dared to say it, and there was no shame in asking if he didn't understand, and asked again: "Please also ask Xiaoyou to explain in detail, some old people can understand, and some little friends say, but old people have never heard of it, which can be described as unheard of." ”

"Mathematics is the study of mathematics."

"Astronomy is the science of astrology."

"Geography is the science of geotheticism."

"Physics is the study of the truth of all things."

"Chemistry is the science of turning decay into magic."

"Life science is the study of the body mechanism of man, birds and animals."

"These six disciplines are the foundation of the natural sciences."

In fact, regarding the promotion of modern science, Jiang Xinghuo has already made plans these days.

Because if you want to transform the Ming Dynasty and let the Ming Dynasty enter the industrial age from the agricultural era, you must emancipate the productive forces and the mind simultaneously.

How to liberate productivity?

Of course, it is to establish universities based on six disciplines to promote the natural sciences and use the new things created on the basis of the natural sciences to carry out the first industrial revolution and thus liberate the productive forces.

How to emancipate the mind?

Yes, definitely. Well, you don't have to throw all the social sciences such as economics, political science, law, ethics, history, sociology, psychology, education, management, anthropology, folklore, journalism, and communication.

These are not important for the current transformation of the Ming Dynasty to emancipate the mind.

Because without overthrowing Cheng Zhu's science, it is impossible to promote these disciplines at all.

The most important thing is philosophy.

It is necessary to create confusion at the philosophical level of Cheng Zhu Lixue, which currently occupies a dominant position, and then find a way to overthrow Cheng Zhu Lixue with a new philosophical system, in order to emancipate the mind.

Otherwise, relying on the disciplines of social sciences alone will not be very effective.

Of course, philosophy is something that ordinary people can't quite understand, and those who can understand it have their own opinions.

Therefore, it is a huge problem to combine the background of the current era to create a new philosophical system that can at least confront Cheng Zhu Lixue.

This problem can only be overcome by Jiang Xinghuo, and others have already tried it, but they can't do it at all.

And as long as Jiang Xinghuo can confront Cheng Zhu Lixue, then the two Buddhist and Taoist families who have been suppressed by Cheng Zhu Lixue for a long time will naturally offer assistance and beat the water dogs.

The easiest way, of course, is to directly take out the big killer weapon of "Yangming Xinxue" and use it.

History has proven that "Yang Ming Xinxue" is enough to impact the dominance of Cheng Zhu Lixue.

However, there is a small problem in this, that is, the idealistic philosophy of "Yang Ming Xinxue" is still somewhat contrary to the rationalism required for the development of modern science.

Therefore, how to get it specifically, Jiang Xinghuo still needs a while to enlighten himself.

If you can't understand a better way, then it really can't work, of course, you can only take out the "Yang Ming Mind Study" and use it first.

Speaking of the present, among the six natural sciences, the old man Zhuo Jingzhuo understands half of it.

Among them, mathematics, astronomy, and geography are all understood by Zhuo Jing, but the following physics, chemistry, and life science are not well understood.

Zhuo Jing asked, "According to the astronomy just mentioned, do you feel that there is a connection with other disciplines?" If so, please tell me where the contact is? ”

Seeing that the white-haired old man said politely, Jiang Xinghuo also had a chance to explore with the intellectuals of this era to see if there was a big cognitive bias between the six basic natural sciences and the people of the world.

Therefore, Jiang Xinghuo sorted out his thoughts and said slowly.

"In terms of order, starting from astronomy, there are astronomical phenomena first, such as what we just said, Jupiter opposition, and daylight, and then there is mathematics that can measure Jupiter's opposition every other year and 34 days, but there is a problem here, that is, Jupiter's opposition can be interpreted mathematically, but Can't, I don't know if the old man has thought about it, why is this?"

Zhuo Jing thought first, and finally shook his head.

"It's probably that the glow is unpredictable?"

"Definitely."

Jiang Xinghuo didn't quite agree, and only said: "It's not that it's impossible to measure, but there is no physical model, or rather, the basic theory inherited from Chinese astronomy is not quite correct." ”

"Mathematics is the foundation of physics, and there is mathematics but no physics in China, but physics, as the leading discipline of natural science, is the study of the most basic forms and laws of motion of everything from the universe to the invisible, so some astronomical phenomena in nature cannot be explained."

Physics.

Zhuo Jing threw this concept away first, after all, these things were not clear to him, and it was difficult to understand, but there was one thing that did not prevent him from asking clearly.

"Why does Xiaoyou say that the basic theories inherited from Chinese astronomy are not accurate?"

Jiang Xinghuo rummaged through the straw pile and pulled out the globe that Zheng He had in mind.

Jiang Xinghuo looked at the two old men opposite and asked, "The earth under our feet may be round, you know, right?" ”

The inmate next to Zhuo Jing obviously felt a little ridiculous, but Zhuo Jing nodded.

Different from the impression flow of Jiang Xinghuo's previous life, many people thought that ancient China believed that the sky was round and the earth was round, and did not know that the earth was round.

Did ancient China know that the earth could be round?

Of course I do!

In fact, there are three main cosmological theories in ancient China.

Hun Tian said, Gai Tian said, Xuan Ye said, and called "on the three families of heaven".

The armillary sky originated from the Warring States Period, the Eastern Han Dynasty astronomer Zhang Heng proposed in the "Notes on the Armillary Sphere" that "the sky is like a chicken, the earth is like a yellow in the middle, and it lives alone in the sky", and Wang Fan, a native of Wu during the Three Kingdoms, proposed that "the shape of the sky is like a bird's egg, the earth dwells in it, and the sky encompasses the earth, like a shell wrapped in yellow, round like a projectile".

The armillary theory holds that the earth is a sphere, and the sky is also a sphere, which is set outside the earth, and the sun, moon and stars all slide around the earth from east to west on the surface of the sky.

The armillary sphere, one circle after another, is the orbit of the five planets that ancient Chinese astronomy can observe, and the earth is in the middle, that is to say, the armillary theory is the planetary movement observed from the perspective of the earth.

This set of theories, which can correctly explain the solar eclipse, is that the moon is blocking the sun.

Gaitian theory is from the beginning of "the sky is round like a lid, and the place is like a chess game", and later evolved into "the sky is like a lia, and the law of the earth is overthrown", that is, the sky covers the earth like a hat, and the earth has an arc like an upside-down plate.

The Xuanye theory, which can be traced back to the Zhuangzi Wandering Journey and the book of Liezi, holds that there is no finite "celestial sphere", and that the sun, moon and stars are naturally born in the void and move under the impetus of qi. This is a bit of a modern cosmological theory.

And Hun Tian said, after the Yuan Dynasty, it completely defeated Gai Tian said.

The main reason is that there was a ruthless man named Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty, who used the vast territory of the Great Yuan Dynasty to do an experiment to measure the earth, which was later called the "Four Seas Test".

This experiment is not far from the current Ming Dynasty, and many literati have recorded it through classics, and it is still clear, and Zhuo Jing is one of them.

"The earth is round, and it has been proven in the Yuan Dynasty."

Zhuo Jing said: "From the Yuan Dynasty to the sixteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Shoujing proposed to Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, that because the territory of the Yuan Dynasty is much larger than before, the length of the sunrise and sunset in different regions is different, and the time is different in different places, the old calendar is no longer applicable, so it is necessary to carry out nationwide astronomical observations to compile a new calendar. According to the "History of the Yuan Dynasty" compiled by Song Lian, there were 14 supervisors and marquis, who went their separate ways, reaching Goryeo in the east, Dianchi in the west, Zhuya in the south, Tiele in the north, and testing in the four seas, where there were 27 schools. ”

The observation point is south to Wanli Shitang, north to the Mongolian Plateau, west to Gansu, east to North Korea, the maximum difference between east and west longitude is about 25 degrees, and the maximum difference between north and south latitude is about 50 degrees.

In this survey project, Guo Shoujing personally went to various places to preside over the work, measured a series of geographical and astronomical data such as the height of the sun on the summer solstice, the height of the North Pole, the angle distance of the 28 Nakshatras, the angle of the yellow and the red, etc., and finally calculated that the length of the earth year is 365.2425 days, while the modern measurement results are 365.2422 days, and the difference between the two is only 0.0003 days (26 seconds).

At the same time, in order to calculate the area of the earth, Guo Shoujing derived the calculation method of the high-intermediate equation on the basis of the mathematical solution of the fourth equation in the Song Dynasty, and used this algorithm to solve the spherical trigonometric function, which directly proved that the earth is round, and the accurate area was calculated.

"Therefore, the earth is indeed round, as anyone who has known astronomy knows."

Zhuo Jing's fellow inmates were a little puzzled: "But why hasn't anyone told me?" ”

This means that from the Ming Dynasty onwards, the rapid development trend of ancient Chinese astronomy from the pre-Qin period to the Han and Tang dynasties and to the Song and Yuan dynasties has not been continued.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, restrictions on astronomy hindered the progress of astronomy.

Emperor Gao of the Ming Dynasty has done a lot of good things in his life, but there is one thing that is definitely worth criticizing by name.

After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan, Si Tianjian entered the crystal and carved leaks, and two puppets were set up in it, and they could hit the cymbals and drums on time.

Because Zhu Yuanzhang, who was born in mud legs, had never seen it, and he couldn't correctly understand the role of astronomy, he thought that this thing was useless and smashed it.

Smashed.

(End of chapter)