If you want people to move into the next stage of society, you have to explain the pros and cons clearly.

"In fact, in essence, in order to maximize the spread, the handicraft workshop owner class will not invest in all industries, or not only many low-spread industries cannot form a monopoly, even high-spread industries are not easy to form a monopoly."

Jiang Xinghuo's words immediately aroused the curiosity of several people.

"Why is that?"

Old man Zhuo was very curious, if it was said that the low spread industry could not form a monopoly, because it was less profitable, or because the industry was widely distributed, he could understand this.

But in the industry with high interest margins, it stands to reason that in order to make huge profits, if there is no intervention from the imperial court, the handicraft owners will definitely do whatever it takes to form a monopoly on this, and even include all kinds of indiscriminate means.

After all, human nature is greedy, and even babies will fight for a mouthful of maternal nutrient solution, let alone adults facing huge benefits?

"There are two situations of high spreads, the first is the high spread caused by the exclusive technology with a high technical threshold, and the second is the high interest rate spread caused by the new trend with a low technical threshold."

Jiang Xinghuo explained: "The first type is very easy to form a monopoly, and I mean the second type here. Under the laws of the economy, it is regulated by the invisible hand of the market, and because of the low technical threshold and sufficient competition, it is not easy to form a monopoly even if the interest rate spread is high. ”

Jiang Xinghuo did not explain them with examples, but wrote a formula full of beauty.

[Raw material cost * (1 + interest rate spread)] + [manual class labor coefficient * wage rate] = commodity price

"The price of commodities consists of two parts, one is the consumption (cost of raw materials) and the surplus (the difference in interest after deducting the next input) of the artisanal class, and the other part is the consumption (labor) and surplus (wages) of the artisanal class."

That is to say, the part on the left is the owner of the artisanal workshop; The right part is the income of the handicraft worker, which is generally equivalent to the materialization of the price of the commodity, which must meet the income required by the artisanal workshop owner and the income of the artisanal class. ”

"Mr. Jiang, please wait a moment."

Zhu Gaoxu looked at this formula and suddenly asked a soul question.

"I think that the wages of the handicraft class, in order to maintain their life and labor, must be given, even if they are not paid, even if it is the slave labor of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, they have to be fed, in fact, it is also a salary, but there is no 'general equivalent materialization' as you say. Or rather, why is it so demanding? ”

Jiang Xinghuo was slightly surprised, he didn't expect Zhu Gaoxu to make such rapid progress, and combined with what he said before, he could actually understand this.

However, what made Jiang Xinghuo even more concerned was that Zhu Gaoxu, as the second prince of the Ming Dynasty, first thought of not engaging in costless slave labor to reduce the cost of goods

"That's what I just said."

Jiang Xinghuo explained in a calm tone: "The salary, even if it is only for survival, the right part is the necessary expenditure for the manufacture of the commodity, or the real value of the commodity. ”

"That is to say, the exchange value of a commodity is an undifferentiated labor condensed in the commodity."

"—I call it the Labor Theory of Value."

Jiang Xinghuo's eyes are profound, and this seemingly inconspicuous statement is the real theoretical basis for igniting the spark in the future.

You only need to leave this spark behind, and in the future, you will definitely be able to set the prairie on fire!

One generation does one generation to another, even if he personally created a dragon with blood dripping from every pore, but even the most vicious dragon is much better than the giant bloodsucking worm that releases paralyzing toxins to everyone.

And he not only created the evil dragon, but also left behind the weapon of slaying the dragon.

Of course, Jiang Xinghuo will also design a set of systems and theories for future generations to refer to to restrain this evil dragon.

Perhaps the future direction of historical development is beyond his control.

But there is no doubt that the future he has created will at least be much better than the "future" that he had seen in books in his previous life, which had suffered for hundreds of years.

Again, it's better to cut others than yourself.

And as long as we can continue to expand outward, then there will always be less internal suffering.

As long as it is less than the world without him, for Jiang Xinghuo, it will be enough.

What's more, if it really comes to the day when you need to slay the dragon, the dragon slaying knife that you have inherited will definitely be able to shine.

Coming back to his senses, Jiang Xinghuo pointed to the formula on the ground and continued.

"In the left part, the cost of raw materials for the manufacture of goods is inevitable, and the interest rate difference demanded by the artisanal workshop owner is reflected in 'the same amount of input requires the same amount of return'."

"These words are also the reason why I said that it is also difficult to form a monopoly in the high-spread industry with low technical threshold.

Under the new crooked neck tree, the three of them began a new round of thinking.

This round, Zheng He's brain moved very quickly, and he quickly understood it.

"Mr. Jiang is saying that if the price of the goods produced in the low-tech industry with high interest rate spreads reaches or even exceeds the 'same amount of input requires the same amount of return', then there will be a lot of handicraft factory owners squeezing in."

"Next"

Zhu Gaoxu took over: "Next, a bunch of people crowded in, because the technical threshold is low, so they all started to produce the same kind of commodity, and they can't monopolize it at all." ”

Zhuo Jing also twisted his beard and said: "The commodity will soon begin to be worthless, and when the commodity is worthless, it will not reach or even far lower than the 'same amount of input requires the same amount of return', and the people who have just squeezed in will leave, and there will be no monopoly at all." ”

"Wonderful! Wonderful! ”

Zhuo Jing stroked his beard and laughed.

"So, it's very simple to think of anti-monopoly solutions."

Jiang Xinghuo gave his answer.

"As long as the imperial court promulgates an Anti-Monopoly Law, I believe that with the power of the imperial court, it will be impossible for handicraft factory owners to break through the restrictions of the Anti-Monopoly Law for hundreds of years."

If it is a country where the handicraft workshop owner class is in power, then the so-called anti-monopoly will naturally become "who dares to sue the official?" ”

However, the evolution from an agrarian country to an industrial country does not mean that the political system will also evolve, in fact, it is a relatively lagging process.

And in this process, which is very likely to last for hundreds of years, Jiang Xinghuo has analyzed that the ruling class of the Ming Dynasty is the "new aristocracy" that evolved from the landlord class.

These "new aristocracy", both industrial and agrarian, and at the same time controlled the army and the state apparatus, which meant that the class of artisanal factory owners was still too weak in front of them to have no centuries of development and could hardly really ascend to the stage of power.

During this period, the Anti-Monopoly Law, which was dominated by the "new aristocracy", was certainly able to restrict monopoly to a great extent.

Of course, if the "new aristocracy" ends up with a state monopoly on its own, there is nothing to say.

But in any case, in the face of Zhuo Jing, a landlord bureaucratic and bureaucratic doctor, raised doubts about industrialization, Jiang Xinghuo finally gave his own way of dealing with it.

Moreover, this response, in modern history, is indeed effective, and it can even be said that as long as it is implemented well, it will not be outdated.

Jiang Xinghuo slowly said the content of the "Anti-Monopoly Law".

"First, the upstream, midstream and downstream of the same industry must not be controlled at the same time, otherwise it will be forcibly split."

"Second, industries with high interest rate spreads with high technology thresholds must achieve full competition."

——————

In the secret room, listening to the sound coming from the amplified wall, the six Shangshu were finally no longer indifferent.

Why was it so difficult to oppose land annexation in the era of the agrarian state?

The reason for this is that the field can be self-circulating.

In other words, I find a place where I don't need to leave the field from sowing to planting to harvesting, and I completely realize the self-circulation in this field.

This is not the case with anti-industrial mergers in the era of industrial countries.

Any manufactured industrial product needs to be upstream and downstream.

The imperial court only needs to pinch the upstream and downstream nodes, and a certain industry cannot form a monopoly.

According to Jiang Xinghuo's very convincing theoretical deduction, a conclusion can be easily drawn. The instinct of artisanal factory owners to chase spreads will itself make it difficult for industries with high spreads with low technical thresholds to form monopolies.

And the imperial court only needs to control the high-tech threshold of the high spread industry, and that's it.

In this way, the things that the imperial court needs to do are undoubtedly greatly reduced.

"Jiang Xinghuo's words are reasonable and well-founded, and the minister admires them very much."

Huang Fu's words did not make Zhu Di feel relaxed.

Because he is familiar with Huang Fu, he knows very well that the next sentence will definitely not be a good thing.

Sure enough, Huang Fufu said again: "Solving the merger is certainly a big problem, but the minister thinks that there is a last big problem." ”

"And one last big problem?"

Hearing this, the back of Zhu Di's head hurt a little.

What Zhu Di wants to do most now is to finish the lecture quickly.

Obviously, what Jiang Xinghuo wants to talk about has basically been finished.

Zhu Di couldn't wait to knock down this broken wall on the spot, and worshiped Jiang Xinghuo as the national teacher.

After all, Zhu Di now wants to reform and change the law in Daming, and he really needs Jiang Xinghuo to plan and design for Daming.

And Huang Fu was still chattering, which couldn't help but give him a headache.

However, Zhu Di also knew that Huang Fu must have good intentions, and it can even be said that this is a qualified minister of state.

So Zhu Di patiently asked: "What is the last big problem that Huang Shangshu said?" ”

Huang Fu said with a serious face: "People! ”

As soon as these words came out, everyone in the secret room changed color!

Even, Guo Jin and Chai Che, two small officials who have been transparent people, splashed the ink stains on their pentips.

Huang Fu's meaning couldn't be more obvious.

Once industrialization, how do you control the population?

(End of chapter)