On the 26th day of the first month of the second year of Yongle, Nanjing Guozijian.

"It's coming, it's coming!"

The controversy in the Confucian Temple naturally does not allow idle people to watch, but cats have cats and dogs, and several older international students have found a way to satisfy their curiosity.

Li Jie, He Duanzhi, Hu Hancang, and Lu Gong directly pooled money to bribe the Confucian Temple in the Guozi Prison, and pretended to be servants holding a broom in the corner of the courtyard next door, and listened to the corner.

"Hey, you guys don't make a sound!"

The one who spoke was a little scholar in a blue cotton robe, he was slightly chubby, round like a leather ball, and his eyes were dripping, obviously a greedy master.

This little fat man is the existence of "Bai Xiaosheng" in Guozi Prison, he has a doorway, and today the four international students can come to listen to the corner of the wall, and it is all thanks to his efforts to plan to open up the joints, no, in order to be able to hear and see, he also deliberately buttoned a seam out of the wall.

"Who's coming?"

Even Emperor Hu only knew that the Emperor of his family was invited to participate, but that's all, and he didn't know who else was invited.

In the past, Emperor Dayu is now accompanying a few barbarians here to listen to the wind and corners, which should have been something that he would never have thought of before, but after putting down his body and starting to let go of himself at this time, Hu Hancang felt a different kind of fun.

There are people who are not born to be emperors.

Hu Hancang himself doesn't want to be an emperor, he knows very well that he can't compare with his eldest brother, he can't compare with normal people since he was a child, and the reason why he can become an emperor is only because his mother has the royal blood of the Chen Dynasty.

Hu Hancang, who became the emperor, was not easy, and he played more of a role as the marionette of his old father Hu Jichen.

Hu Hancang once wanted to be a good emperor, once wanted to bravely shoulder his due responsibilities, and even wanted to be martyred for his country when he was hot.

But now it seems that it is better for people to lie flat.

For Hu Hancang, after not being the emperor, life is indeed much easier.

Although he is in a foreign country, he is silly and happy every day with a few fox friends who can't look down on him, but he is much more at ease than before.

"Shh

Everyone around them showed interest: "Who are they?" What makes you so mysterious? ”

The little fat man didn't whet people's appetites, but cleared his throat, and whispered a series of words like announcing the name of the dish: "The first to come is Wang Siye (Wang Yunsheng) from our Guozijian, Hu Saijiu (Hu Yan), Mr. Yuechuan (Cao Duan) from Lianxue, Mr. Shidao (Wang Youli) from Jinhua, and Yang Shiqi from the cabinet, and there is another person I don't know." ”

What the little fat man didn't know was naturally the head of the Yang family of Guan Xue's generation, Yang Jingcheng, who had just come from Guanzhong a few years ago and had not shown his face much in Nanjing.

"Your father! Daddy is here! ”

Hu Han listened to the little fat man with a dark face.

However, the embarrassment soon passed, and the little fat man continued: "Gao Taichang also came in, I heard that there is another distinguished guest today. Sure enough, Kong Gong came in person! ”

Hearing that even Kong Xilu was shocked, everyone was suddenly a little surprised, you know, the last time "Wang Ba Ancient and Modern Yili" three debates, Kong Xilu did not show up in public, has been in the edict prison, and now out of the edict prison has not appeared for several months, strictly speaking, this is the first time Kong Xilu has appeared in public in the past half a year, and the significance is naturally extraordinary.

"Really? Don't brag about it again! Can this invite Kong Gong over? ”

Hearing He Duanzhi questioning him, the little fat man didn't know how to stir up, so he directly let go of the gap and said, "See for yourself." ”

He Duanzhi looked at it, it was true, he had seen Kong Xilu from afar last time, and he smacked his tongue and said: "Our Guozijian is not so big, last time I came to Chong Guoshi, and this time I also came to Chong Guoshi." ”

"Didn't you say that the two of them turned their rivalry into jade silk?"

"Do you believe that?"

The little fat man was dismissive, and then sighed again: "Oops! It's a pity that it's just such a seam, it's not enjoyable to watch. ”

Then Jiang Xinghuo, Yao Guangxiao, Xie Jin, Zhang Yuchu and others all appeared.

Different from the previous three debates of "ancient and modern righteousness, righteousness and profit", this time it was not a debate held on a large occasion of thousands of people, but more similar to the meeting of the Goose Lake held by Lu Zuqian of the Jinhua School in the Southern Song Dynasty in order to reconcile the theoretical differences between Zhu Xi's "science" and Lu Jiuyuan's "psychology", so that the philosophical views of the two would "be one".

The Goose Lake Conference was an exemplary academic symposium in the history of Chinese philosophy, and it was the first of its kind to be taught by a college conference.

In fact, this is the norm of academic discussions, with as few people as a dozen or a dozen people as many as dozens of people sitting together to discuss debates, and the environment of a thousand-person vegetable market is an extreme case.

In front of the main hall of the Confucius Temple in the Guozi Prison.

Hu Yan, 43 years old this year, wears a square scarf on his head, a Confucian robe, and a gold belt around his waist.

On the opposite side of it, there is a young man in green clothes and jade belt, holding a feather fan, with a graceful demeanor, quite a bit of the elegance of a literati and ink writer, it is Jiang Xinghuo.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was not the same as in martial arts, young young heroes could be matched with jade belts at every turn, according to the rules of Lao Zhu, the prince and the first jade belt, the second flower rhino belt, the third gold ribbon, the fourth gold belt, the fifth silver flower belt, the sixth and seventh silver belts, the eighth and ninth black horn belts, and in this kind of non-wearing official robes, but on very formal occasions, the belt has become the best logo on behalf of different identities.

As for why you should bring a feather fan in February, don't ask, ask is to use it to block the wind, for fear of getting rheumatoid arthritis when you get old.

The remaining eleven people, on both sides of Hu Yan and Jiang Xinghuo, sat in a circle, which was also the elegant rules left by the Goose Lake Society.

A golden pot was brought up, and there were several pieces of paper in it, which wrote several major topics today, and these issues that the entire Ming society is most concerned about now after the "Ming Pao" debate.

"Hu sacrificial wine, today's meeting will start because of you, and the Guozijian is your territory, there is no reason to dominate the guests, on the topic, you choose first."

According to the grade and status of the imperial court, Yao Guangxiao, the "black-clothed prime minister", is naturally the first to be the first, so if the rules are set, Yao Guangxiao will speak first.

"Wait."

At this moment, Kong Xilu suddenly rolled up his sleeves with one hand, raised his hand with a smile and said: "One hundred and twenty-nine years ago, Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan gathered in Goose Lake, and it was a good story in history. ”

In the officialdom, you can not give Kong Xi a pavement, because strictly speaking, Nankong now does not even have the name of Yan Shenggong, and no longer has the treatment of a super official, he is a grass people, and the county can theoretically ignore Kong Xilu.

But in the academic world, if you don't give Kong Xi a face, then there are many people who can't get along with you.

Nan Confucius itself is the bloodline of Confucius, which is very important in Confucianism, and based on moral factors, Nan Confucius can even let out the wealth and wealth of Yan Shenggong, and the prestige of Shilin accumulated by this behavior is still very terrifying today, only 30 years after this incident happened.

In addition, the suzerain of Nankong's generation, Kong Xilu, has both virtue and talent, and his knowledge is like the abyss of the sea, and under the double superposition, he is naturally famous in the sea, belongs to the moral code of walking, and is the beautiful embodiment of the saint in the world.

Therefore, as soon as Kong Xilu's words came out, he was immediately responded.

"Since you are in the country today, let's call it the Taixue Society, how about it?"

Several people proposed one after another, and Wang Yunsheng, the secretary of the Guozijian Division, said at this time.

The prototype of the earliest period of Guozijian is the highest institution of learning in the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty "Taixue", there was no such thing as Guozijian before, when Yang Jian usurped Zhou to establish the Sui Dynasty, it was decided that Guozi Temple governed Guozixue, Taixue, Simenxue, calligraphy, arithmetic, Sui Wen Emperor Yang Jian opened the emperor for thirteen years, Guozi Temple was no longer subordinate to Taichang Temple, and became an independent educational management institution renamed Guozixue, Emperor Yang Guangye of Sui Dynasty for three years, renamed Guozijian, and later dynasties switched back and forth between "Guozijian" and "Taixue", Guozi prison students are also often habitually called "Tai students".

"Yes."

The meeting of the Confucian Temple and the meeting of the son of the country are not as good as the meeting of Taixue after all.

And with such a stubble, the overall atmosphere began to relax a little.

Although the debate is full of rhetoric, the degree of danger is not inferior to that of real swords.

But compared to the tension at the beginning, this kind of relaxation is easier for people to stay calm and contemplative.

After all, in such an environment, who has time to think about anything else? The most important thing is to express one's own opinions, while making sure that you make as few mistakes as possible, and since this is an academic seminar, it is enough to put the ideas you agree on and argue about them.

The so-called debate does not have to be as noisy as a quarrel, as long as it can make others feel that what you insist on is justified.

Unlike the heated discussion on the naming of the meeting just now, when it was time for the golden pot to draw lots, the whole process seemed extremely quiet, except for a few people such as Jiang Xinghuo and Yao Guangxiao, the attention of others was completely focused on the paper ball in front of them.

Kong Xilu grabbed the lot, and everyone around him seemed to be slightly excited and excited, after all, today's Taixue meeting will definitely be recorded in history, so some people are even a little nervous, but Kong Xilu took the note in his hand with a blank face, looked left and right, and did not understand what it meant.

Because there are only two words on this note.

"Broken windows."

What the hell?

Kong Xilu grabbed the note, as if he wanted to knead it vigorously, to rub the meaning of the paper out of the paper, otherwise he felt uncomfortable, as if there were ants crawling on his body.

He glanced at Jiang Xinghuo, and finally understood how much the candidates who participated in the imperial examination hated the examiners who "cut the words and spelled the questions" from the four books.

Kong Xilu's abnormal behavior also made the people around him notice.

What's going on?

Could it be that today is the final?

Didn't you always pay attention to a step-by-step approach in the past?

Kong Xilu was a little confused, but the people around him felt that they were very clear at the moment, and the first debate topic drawn was definitely not simple, so Kong Gongdu hesitated for a while.

Because before the beginning, the emperor had already established the rules, the issue of the rule of officials was indisputable, and the rectification of the rule of officials was a matter of principle and did not need to be discussed.

Therefore, there are two main aspects left, that is, the style of the world and the style of study.

Shifeng, that is, with the development of commodity economy, has emerged in the south of the Yangtze River the sprout of a new economy, which is manifested in the emergence of the handicraft industry in the factory and the prosperity and development of commerce in the city, and the germ of increasing development has stimulated the development of commerce, brought about the innovation of concepts, and formed a new concept of righteousness and benefit. The emergence and development of workshop handicrafts led to the emergence of a new social class, namely the burghers, consisting of handicraft workers, small commodity producers, factory owners, and small and medium-sized merchants.

On the one hand, through their own efforts, and on the other hand, they pin their hopes on the emergence of new ideas, hoping that new ideas can have an impact on traditional ideas and make new ideas dominant.

And the style of study, in fact, is more about "morale".

There is no need to repeat too much about the heavy weight contained in the four words "Shinong Industry and Commerce".

Ordinary people are not qualified to learn, and those who can learn are scholars, so the atmosphere among scholars is the style of learning.

And here, scholars refer more to young scholars represented by the national son prison and the imperial examination.

In the discourse power of Shilin, the old and respected Confucianism certainly has more right to speak, but in terms of composition and base, the young scholars at the bottom also have a very important position.

Scholars had a lofty position in ancient times, because they had the right to speak in the field of spiritual culture.

And once the young scholars are united, in a sense, they can even manipulate public opinion and form a one-sided posture.

This is called "public opinion".

Even in ancient times, as long as it was a period of peace with stable order, "public opinion" was a very important thing, and this kind of thing could not be reversed by violence or force, because in this era, once there was public support, many things would be logical, and once there was no public support, even if it was a strong imperial power, it was sometimes inevitable to eat deflated, such as the end of the Ming Dynasty, Jiangnan could not collect money, Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty sent eunuchs to collect mining taxes in order to make money, and the eunuchs were killed several times, and a copper plate was confiscated, and he was infamy. wanted to catch a few people who made trouble, but all of them turned out to be famous through the ages, this is the public opinion.

Now, for the mainstream Confucian scholars in the ideological world, mainly the academic style of the school scholars, there have been changes that they think are not good, and the students have begun to become more radical and eager for innovation, have begun to try all kinds of new things, have begun to like to use novel words to express their thoughts, and have begun to pursue the spirit of scientific exploration that is "more true" in everything.

At this time, as a representative of Confucianism, Kong Xilu was actually pushed to the front of the stage by the surging public opinion, he held the paper ball that he was holding up, took two deep breaths, and then opened the paper ball and officially announced it.

"The first debate – broken windows."

The pressure will not go away, but now the pressure has undoubtedly shifted away from Kong Xilu, and he has become a group of people participating in the debate.

Broken window, these are two very simple words, but obviously, these two words did not come out of the Confucian classics such as the Four Books and the Five Classics.

So, what does this have to do with today's theme of the world and the style of learning?

Everyone fell into thought, and at this time, Lu Gong, who was listening to the corner of the wall, also asked in a low voice: "Is this, Sen, vaguely?" ”

The little fat man lowered his voice and said, "The one who breaks the problem is also broken; The window man, the paper paste, which means that you have to make a simple one to solve the problem first. ”

Listening to the little fat man's serious nonsense, Hu Hancang was also speechless for a while.

Hu Hancang said: "In my opinion, it is clear that it means to break the skylight and say bright words. ”

"Oh? I see! ”

"Brother Hu, see you!"

Everyone was stunned, and then whispered in admiration.

Everyone here knows very well that if Hu Hancang's father can take this opportunity to establish a reputation in the Shilin of the Ming Dynasty, then not to mention the re-employment of the laid-off emperor, it is better to be able to become a cultural celebrity in the future, and this matter has come true, Hu Hancang, their classmate, will also have the opportunity to meet higher-level figures, who can say for sure what will happen in the future?

The so-called "one person attains the Tao and the chicken dog ascends to heaven" is the truth.

On the contrary, it was the previous things in their respective countries, so there is no need to mention it, what's the matter, if you are the emperor, I am not a prince or a young chief of the tribe? Everyone is a barbarian, no one is better than anyone else, if it is really strong, it will not come to Daming to study.

On the other side, since there is no one in the Four Books and Five Classics, it seems that the words "broken window" are from poetry.

Cao Duan said first with a dark face at this time: "But Yuwen Gongfu forgives the song "Title Wang Shuming Broken Window Wind and Rain"? ”

"Liu Lang reads like a scholar, and he never sleeps at night without leaving home.

When I heard that the window was broken and the wind and rain were in the night, it was the heart of the sage.

Life is poor, and it can be seen that Yutang Golden Horse has its own period.

He visits each other day and night, but remembers the wind and rain when the window is broken. ”

On the word "broken window" alone, this famous persuasion poem of the Yuan Dynasty, which mentions "broken window" three times in a row from the title to the content, is obviously the most appropriate.

If this solution is followed, then it is obviously the study style of hard study.

"This poem made by Yuwen Gongliang is much more ambitious than Song Zhenzong's intentions."

Well, the real sect of the people directly put the benefits of reading in front of you, and the recruitment of the first to write the treatment belongs to yes.

"Rich families don't need to buy fertile land, there are thousands of bells in the book.

There is no need to raise a hall to live in peace, and there is a golden house in the book.

Don't hate to go out with no one, there are many cars and horses in the book.

Don't hate unscrupulous matchmakers when marrying a wife, there is Yan Ruyu in the book.

The boy wants to fulfill his life's aspirations, and reads the Pentateuch to the window. ”

But because it is too straightforward, it directly links reading with being an official and wealthy, so this famous persuasion poem of Zhenzong is often criticized by the academic community for being too low in style and too vulgar.

What does it mean to be elegant? Elegance means not talking about money.

This is also why at the beginning of this debate, many Confucians who adhered to traditionalism were directly aimed at the emerging trends of thought, although many of them were not able to attend the Taixue Conference, but in the capital and other places such as Jiangnan and Jiangxi, the call for "shame for words" was very high.

And now, it is the turn of Kong Xilu, the most authoritative in the academic world, as the lottery winner, and since the lottery has been drawn, these opposing debaters will naturally not let it go easily.

And this topic was still formulated by Jiang Xinghuo.

So after a short silence, soon, everyone's eyes focused on Jiang Xinghuo, who was sitting opposite Hu Yan, waiting to see how he planned to answer.

Jiang Xinghuo also knew that it was time for him to stand up at this time, so he cleared his throat and began to speak.

"Ahem! What you said is good, the word 'broken window' is indeed from the "Title Wang Shuming Broken Window Wind and Rain Map", but the first thing to correct is that this title is called 'broken window', which actually has another meaning. ”

Jiang Xinghuo said seriously: "There is a street hut today, there is a poor man Wang Shuming in the house to study, preparing for the imperial examination in the coming year, Wang Shuming is shy in his pocket, so he only uses the window of paper paste, suddenly there is a strong wind, so it is broken by the autumn wind, at this time the glass mirror has been reduced in price, the price is slightly more expensive than paper paste, may I ask you, if you are this Wang Shuming, what choice will you make next?" Ignore it, or continue to use paper paste, or use glass mirrors? ”

Wang Meng, the word Shuming, the name Huangheshan Qiao, Xiangguang Jushi, Wu Xingren, was influenced by his grandfather Zhao Mengfu in his early years, and then had close contacts with Huang Gongwang and other famous families, and was guided by Huang Gongwang, and was once promoted to the Shiyuan Dynasty.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the war was raging, abandoning the official and returning to the Yellow Crane Mountain, Hongwu re-emerged in the early years, appointed Tai'an Zhizhou, and then attached to the prime minister Hu Weiyong, often viewed the painting in Hu Weiyong's house, soon Hu Weiyong was subdued, Wang Meng was imprisoned for this, Hongwu 18 years in September, died in the edict prison.

Wang Shuming's family background is not poor, and the protagonist of his painting "Broken Window Wind and Rain" is not himself, the protagonist is called "Liu Lang", but these are obviously not important, Jiang Xinghuo just borrowed a small story.

As soon as these words came out, the entire venue was silent, as if time had suddenly frozen for a short time.

The core of this topic is not about breaking windows, but about changing them.

The meaning of this is basically not difficult for everyone present to understand, and this little story full of wit, since it was thrown by Jiang Xinghuo as the first topic, it must be particularly meaningful, so when it comes to discussion, you must be extra careful.

Yang Jingcheng opened his mouth at this time and said: "All of you here, many of you are from the background of scholars, and have experienced hard reading, I think, your thoughts should be similar to mine, right?" The poet Du Fu, when he wrote "The Song of the Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind", it was when the mountains and rivers were broken and the people's feelings were in chaos, when the small saw the big, there was a thatched house paper window forced by the autumn wind, and there must be thousands of paper windows in the world that were also forced by the autumn wind, and the world was like this. If you use this to explain the style of study, it is the will of the husband who cannot bend the wind and frost of the world, and the sky will descend on the people, and they must first suffer their minds. ”

Jiang Xinghuo: "So which window do you change?" ”

Yang Jingcheng: "."

You see, the reader has this bad point, he talks a lot, quotes scriptures, and is impassioned, but in the end he avoids the most important place.

There is no way to hide now, and Yang Jingcheng is not a person who can be cheeky to stage a "non-static picture", so he simply said: "I don't change the window, the wind just blows well, sharpen my mind, the so-called 'hardships and hardships, Yuru is successful'." ”

Jiang Xinghuo nodded, but not in affirmation.

"Very good, then due to the cold weather, your body is weak and completely unable to resist, and finally you feel the wind cold, and you can't afford to get sick in the thatched hut, and you miss the opportunity to soar in the imperial examination."

Yang Jingcheng: "."

At this time, Yang Jingcheng knew that he was out to explore the way, so he simply continued to step on the thunder, and it was bound to give the answers to all the questions, so that later generations would save effort.

"I choose to frame paper windows."

Jiang Xinghuo said again: "Paper window pasting treats the symptoms but not the root cause, and the autumn wind gradually prevails the next day, and it is broken again." ”

Yang Jingcheng is helpless now, co-authoring you just let me choose the glass window, right?

"What about glass windows?"

"The window is bright and clean, airtight, you look at the scenery outside the window in the warm room, the mood is great, after more than half a year of hard study, in the next year's imperial examination in one fell swoop to the second high school, since then soaring."

"What does the national teacher want to explain? Today's old world style and study style are like pasting paper windows, and they will eventually be blown by the wind of the times? Or is it only the new world style, the style of learning, the new thing is clean and transparent new 'glass windows', although the cost of replacing the old paper windows is high, but the future is brighter? ”

If you just say that, it's obviously not interesting.

Jiang Xinghuo smiled: "Wang Shuming Jinshi and the second, the hometown thatched hut is idle, everyone thinks that there is a 'Wenqu Xingqi', and they dare not destroy it, but year after year, Wang Shuming settled in the capital and did not come back, and not many people cared about this thatched hut. ”

This is a very simple psychological effect, which means literally, if the windows of a house are broken and no one repairs them, it will not be long before other windows are broken inexplicably; On one wall, if there is some graffiti that is not cleaned off, soon, the wall will be covered with messy and unsightly things; In a very clean place, people will be embarrassed to throw away garbage, but once there is garbage on the ground, people will not hesitate to throw it away, without any shame. This is a very strange phenomenon.

It is this "tipping point" that psychologists study how dirty the ground must be, so that people will feel that it is so dirty anyway, and it doesn't matter how dirty it is, and how bad the situation must be, people will give up on themselves and let it rot to the end.

If any bad thing is not stopped at the beginning, it will form an atmosphere and cannot be changed, just like a river embankment, if a small gap is not repaired in time, the dam can collapse, causing millions of times the loss.

"The same is true of the style of the world and the style of learning."

Hu Yan was thoughtful, and he said: "So, please forgive me for being blunt, for example, the fundamental problem that exists now in our country is not in the style of study. ”

"Oh?"

Wang Yunsheng on the side showed a surprised look.

Hu Yan's remark is tantamount to telling everyone that not only does he not support the reform of the law, but also believes that the new social atmosphere is like a "stone broken window".

Someone praised in his heart: "However, Jiang Xinghuo has some vision and sees the problem, and this metaphor of the 'broken window effect' is really exquisite." ”

And in the noise where everyone had different thoughts and occasionally voices sounded, Hu Jichen suddenly spoke: "Dare to ask the national teacher, I'm afraid your story is not over yet, right?" ”

As soon as these words came out, the rest of the scholars were stunned, and they couldn't help but look sideways at Hu Jichen.

In their impression, although Hu Jichen used to be the emperor of Annan, he was also a great Confucian, and now he has come to the Ming Dynasty, which can be described as cautious in words and deeds, and has always been a silent character, who does not like to get involved in academic debates.

Jiang Xinghuo saw that it was Hu Jichen who asked, but he didn't hide it, and said, "That's true." ”

"First of all, the broken window effect is one thing, and today's world style and study style have indeed reached the point where we must pay attention to whether it will affect the overall situation of the whole world. It is precisely because of this that you will gather here for this Taixue meeting. ”

"However, Wang Shuming's story is not over yet."

Jiang Xinghuo raised his hand as he spoke: "Seeing that the world was about to be in chaos, Wang Shuming resigned and returned to his hometown, only to see that the glass window of his thatched hut that once sheltered him from the cold wind had long been broken, but Wang Shuming's waist bag today is naturally far from being comparable to the past, so he simply rebuilt a room, still using glass windows, and glass windows are used on all sides. ”

A few days after Wang Shuming started the new house, the new glass window was broken by the naughty boy, but Wang Shuming was not annoyed at all, but said a reason - although the child smashed the glass window of my new house, but today I don't expect it to block the wind and rain, just want a clean and clear, so breaking the glass window can not make any change in my life, but I buy a new piece of glass, but can provide opportunities for glass merchants, What should I be bothered about the fact that the merchant earns money and can pay the workers, and the workers take the wages and go to the children, parents, and other vendors to buy food and clothing, and although this has done me a disservice, it is a benefit to many people? ”

In fact, the "broken window effect" is both.

The first is psychological, emphasizing the existence of any kind of undesirable phenomenon, is transmitting a message, this information will lead to the infinite expansion of undesirable phenomena, and at the same time we must be highly vigilant to those that seem to be accidental, individual, slight faults, if this behavior is turned a blind eye or not stopped in time, it will connive more people to break more windows, it is very likely to evolve into the evil result of "a thousand miles of embankment, collapse in the anthill", so the ancients said "don't take the good as small and do nothing, don't take the evil small and do it", This is not unreasonable.

The second is economics, which believes that the broken window theory has the effect of promoting economic development, that is, the theory of "damage is beneficial". Because this is against common sense, it is normal to think that it is a bad thing to spend money to buy a broken glass window, but under this broken window effect, consumption promotes the social economy, so that many people in the consumption chain benefit, which is a good thing.

The people who participated in the Taixue Society fell into a short silence.

"Why do I feel something is wrong?"

The foreign students who eavesdropped on the side always felt that their IQ had been insulted.

What Jiang Xinghuo said was obviously a bit of a problem, but they couldn't say what the problem was.

In fact, the problem here is that although the broken glass window promotes consumption, the labor force that originally produced glass can be used in other places to break the glass to reproduce consumption, and the overall social income remains unchanged, while the same labor used to produce other items will also increase the overall social income, and if the general account is calculated, it will still decrease.

But in reality, in economics, it's not just about addition and subtraction, it's much more complicated.

Regardless of whether the loss of broken glass is assessed as "wealth" in another sense (that is, as if debt is regarded as wealth), the concept of the broken window effect can be traced back to the root of the demand theory of economics, that is, in the short-term economy, demand can have a significant impact on output, and macroeconomic regulation and control of large-scale infrastructure construction is actually this reason, but if the timeline is extended, for long-term economic growth, this effect will be quite insignificant.

And Jiang Xinghuo chose "broken window" as the theme, and his intention is here.

After explaining the pass, Jiang Xinghuo asked again.

"So what do you think, is broken windows good or bad? Should we take precautions before they happen, beware of the wind at the end of Qingping, or let it break the window, not break it, and break it up? ”

Breaking the window means breaking the problem.

There may be a lot of debate topics to discuss today, but in fact, the most important thing is the world style and the style of study, and the topic of "broken window", which extends to this point, is enough to cover.

In response to this question, Hu Yan, as the No. 1 debater of the opposing side, also had his own answer in his heart at this time.

He didn't want to be led by Jiang Xinghuo, because Hu Yan had already realized at this time that once he followed Jiang Xinghuo's train of thought, he would be taken to a new realm, and then hit by dimensionality reduction.

Therefore, Hu Yan did the opposite and asked, "Why do you use glass windows?" ”

Wang Youli, Yang Shiqi and others did not speak, this debate was destined to be very long, and there was a chance for them to play, but at this time, they all admired Hu Yan's reaction.

Because following Hu Yan's train of thought, they discovered how to effectively deal with Jiang Xinghuo.

That is to drag the debate into the field they are best at.

Sure enough, Hu Yan immediately said: "Although the glass window is stronger than the paper paste window, it can be pasted with a few more layers and sealed with strips, there is always a way, although the living cannot be frozen to death, but the second class of high school and the window are in a good mood, but it may not have much to do with it, and today's world style is like Wang Shuming's thatched house. Life is quiet, the nature of heaven is also, the touching of things is endless, and people's likes and dislikes are unrestrained, it is the things that turn into things, and those who turn into things, those who destroy the principles of heaven and the desires of the poor, so there is a heart of rebellion and deception, and there is a disorder. ”

"That's what I'm trying to say."

Hu Yan knelt on the ground and said solemnly: "Does Wang Shuming really need this glass window?" ”

The glass window here actually refers not to the glass window itself, but to be dragged into a classic Confucian debate by Hu Yan, called "the distinction between reason and desire".

Cheng Zhu Lixue attaches great importance to the distinction between reason and desire, and the reason and desire are diametrically opposed, emphasizing that only by exhausting human desires can we restore heavenly principles, for example, Cheng Yi of the Northern Song Dynasty said that "people's hearts are selfish and selfish, so they are in danger; The Tao heart is heavenly reason, so it is subtle, and the destruction of selfish desires is clear in heaven", Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty also said in "Zhu Zi's Language, Volume 13" that "a person has a heart, and if heaven exists, people want to die; The purpose of Cheng Zhu Lixue is to make people give up their desires beyond the needs of daily life, absolutely abide by the feudal ethical dogma, and use this to correct their own hearts and pursue the richness of the inner world.

And contrary to this point of view is the study of merit represented by Chen Liang and Ye Shi of the Yongkang and Yongjia schools, for example, Ye Shi simply ridiculed the science of science, saying that "the division between heavenly principles and human desires is holy and crazy, and its interpretation is not refined"

Although the passage of "Book of Rites" that Hu Yan took just now has a tendency to oppose "heavenly principles" and "human desires", "take words out of context - take them out of context" is still a classic, and there is a sentence in "The Book of Rites" that "men and women who eat and drink, and people's great desires exist", or that the "Book of Rites" itself does not deny the rationality of material desires.

In short, in pre-Qin Confucianism, there was no such "either/or" diode thinking, and even in the Han and Tang dynasties, there were three kinds of views coexisting: "abstinence from desire", "extinguishing desire with reason", and "existing in desire", for example, Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty advocated that "the sage should control the people, so that they have desires, and they must not celebrate festivals; Make it simple, not without desire", the Western Jin Dynasty Pei Yan advocated "inexhaustible desire", and regarded satisfying people's material desires as the premise of the whole body's survival.

In fact, it was not until the Song Dynasty that Confucianism iterated to the version of Cheng Zhu Lixue that this dualistic idea was developed.

And the "distinction between reason and desire" is obviously a good idea to explain the problem of world style.

"Does Wang Shuming really need this glass window?" This question is not asked by Wang Shuming, who died in prison 20 years ago, but by people today, do they think that Daming really needs these increasingly complicated material desires brought about by economic development?

This is a rather in-depth question, even Jiang Xinghuo can't deny it.

If you are an ordinary citizen, or a worker, or a farmer, you don't need to think about this kind of question, because it really doesn't mean much.

But for these Ming scholars who are almost the highest-ranked Confucians, these elites in the ideological and academic circles, this question is very meaningful.

Economic development may be necessary, because the imperial court does need money, but economic development, with it, is a huge change in the traditional and relatively "simple" world.

"As the national teacher said in the 'broken window effect', more and more material desires are like gusts of autumn wind, if you don't strictly guard against it today, block the windows, but let them break, I'm afraid that when the morality and customs don't exist, everything will be too late. At that time, even if you want to remedy it, I am afraid that it will be too late to regret it. ”

"The Distinction of Reason and Desire", the appearance of this debate topic did not surprise Jiang Xinghuo.

And for this debate topic with a very high winning rate among Cheng Zhu Lixue believers, Jiang Xinghuo was not unprepared.

Looking at the Temple of Confucius, Jiang Xinghuo raised his head and began to invite the gods.

Soon, among the many thinkers in his mind, three figures appeared.

- Mr. Ming Dynasty, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, Gu Yanwu.

Come on, it's you!

(End of chapter)