Liu Kui's matter did not cause much splash in the court, and the current court has a completely different pattern compared with when Zhao Jie rebelled.

The people who are willing to follow the rebellion are basically some unclear guys, Your Majesty is powerful, and normal people will kill themselves.

What's more, the current important ministers of the imperial court are basically pulled up by Liu Zhi single-handedly, and only when they are full will they cut off their future.

If it weren't for the fact that the Empress Dowager Yun was too sad, Liu Zhi himself didn't take it seriously.

There was no choice but to let Princess Yiyang take the child back to the palace to live for a while, and instructed a few little princesses and princes to try to make their grandmother happy during this time.

In the summer, the queen mother's health improved, and Liu Zhi took her to Guangchengyuan to escape the summer.

Because the Empress Dowager Yun was worried that Liu Shuo, the king of the plains, would be uneasy, she specially asked Liu Zhi to give a reward of many things to show comfort.

also told him in this way that Liu Kui's matter would never implicate him, so that he could rest assured.

In the summer of this year, Liu Zhi formally established the Academy of Sciences, hired Fang Zhi, who had retired, as the dean, and the medical school and the College of Agriculture, which he founded earlier, became the three major institutions of higher education independent of Taixue.

For the government, he doesn't pay much attention to it now, mainly because he already has a mature mode of operation.

All systems are relatively sound, and no matter what happens, there are laws to follow and rules to follow.

Several major central institutions have also formed the prototype of the cabinet, and basically the slightest small things are no longer needed by him.

Even for major matters, the preliminary deliberations of the Seventh Ministry, the Secretary Province, and the Zhongshu Province were first passed, and the results were submitted to him for a final ruling.

The reason for this result is because of the trust he has reached with the imperial court, and because he can control the imperial court.

After more than ten years of pro-government, he was finally able to free himself from the heavy and trivial government affairs and began to spend his time freely.

This has greatly improved his quality of life and given him a lot of free time.

Obviously, he was tired of hunting as a form of entertainment and needed to seek a new pastime.

So he turned his attention to the more fun and competitive sport of Keju.

The development of Keju in China has a long history, which can be traced back to the stone balls in the Dingcun culture about 100,000 years ago.

In the 40,000-year-old Xujiayao cultural site, a large number of stone balls were unearthed for games.

It is said that the stone ball was first used as a hunting tool, and in the later stage of primitive society, stone balls kicked with feet and hollow pottery balls appeared.

The legend of Keju was made by the Yellow Emperor: "Keju, it is rumored that the Yellow Emperor made it".

Ming also recorded: "Taju began in the Xuan Hou, the drama of martial arts training in the army, with leather as the yuan, and it is really hair."

That is to say, Keju began in the Yellow Emperor and began to be used in military training, and the bow was made into a round shape with leather and filled with hair.

The Warring States Silk Book has a record that after the Yellow Emperor killed Chiyou, "filling his stomach with a bow, making people cling, and rewarding those who are more".

And the word Keju was first seen in.

It is recorded in the book: In the Western Han Dynasty, as the "Anling Hanli Bus", because of his obsession with "Keju", although he was seriously ill, he still did not follow the doctor's instructions and continued to go out to Keju, and died as a result.

Since then, the word Keju has appeared many times in China, but the Warring States before the Han Dynasty called ancient football "Keju".

When recording the life of the people of Linzi, the capital of Qi State, it said:

"There are 70,000 households in Linzi...... He is very rich and real, and his people are all flutes, drums, beating, playing harps, cockfights, dogs, six bo, and bows. ”

This passage also appears in the later period.

It is said that the people of Linzi who have become wealthy have many cultural and sports activities, including blowing, beating, plucked musical instruments, cockfighting, dog racing, playing chess and kicking football.

These historical materials show that during the Warring States Period, Linzi, the capital of Qi State, Keju has developed into a popular form of entertainment among the people.

During the period of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms, Keju developed rapidly, and first of all, the recreational Keju was inherited.

There are records of "galloping through the village, stepping on the bow in the poor alleys", "taking the bow and horse as the business, and the family taking the bow as the learning".

Secondly, there was a performative keju. Performative keju is a performance of ball control skills with feet, knees, shoulders, and head to the accompaniment of drum music.

Judging from the Keju performances depicted on the Han portrait stones, there are forms such as single Keju and one bow, single Keju and two bows, and double drumming and Keju.

There are also technical movements such as kicking, knee topping, flying with both legs, stopping bowing with one foot, and jumping up and hooking.

At that time, people called it "Keju Dance", which was an important program in the hundred operas.

Thirdly, there was a competitive keju.

This kind of Keju is generally equipped with a bow field, the bow field is rectangular, generally east-west, with a large hall that sits in the south and faces the north for viewing, and there is a wall around it, which is called "Ju Castle".

The specific method of juju is explained in Li You of the Eastern Han Dynasty:

"The round bow square wall, like yin and yang, the law and the moon are opposed, and the two and six are equal. Build a long and flat, and its examples are common: no intimacy, no selfishness;

Be calm and don't complain. Ju Zheng is still the same, and it is up to him to take the plane! ”

Fourth, Keju began to be used for military training, Liu Xiangzhong said: "Juju, the strength of the troops." Therefore, when practicing samurai, knowing and talented, they all practice because of playfulness."

In addition to symbolizing "military strength" and training samurai, Kemari was also used to enrich the life of the army and keep the warriors physically and emotionally good.

"If the army has nothing to do, we will make a bow" is a reflection of the latter.

Ban Gu of the Han Dynasty included ancient football in the category of military skills, and said: "The winner of attack and defense is also." ”

Yan Shi Gu of the Tang Dynasty Zhuyun: "Keju, Chen Li's matter, so it is attached to the art of war." ”

It can be said that Keju has reached a climax in the Eastern Han Dynasty and has become a project integrating entertainment and training.

In the past, Liu Zhi was really busy with affairs, so he rarely participated in this kind of movement, but now that he is interested, he wants to reform.

At this time, most of the kemari were made of leather, filled with hair, and the children of poor families also made rattan weaving.

In this era, there were neither PVC materials nor PU materials, but the leather was a lot, but the tanning technology was not as advanced as later generations.

Leather technology in ancient China developed very early, and it was widely used in the primitive society.

In the Warring States period, leather technology began to develop rapidly due to the rise of leather armor.

By the Han and Han dynasties, with the rise of the Silk Road, the leather manufacturing technology of the northern nomadic tribes was introduced to Middle-earth.

Later, the leather technology of ancient Rome was fused, and the skill was taken to a new level.

After the reopening of the Silk Road, under the advocacy of Liu Zhi, leather products became more and more exquisite, and the exquisite and complex styles of saddles, leather armor, belts, leather bags and bags, and leather clothing, etc., all refreshed the concept of people at that time.

Dahan's leather products are also sold well at home and abroad, becoming an emerging industry.

But in terms of tanning technology, it has always been used in miscanthus salt? Smoky? Alum? Soil methods such as bark, and the scale of production has also stayed at the stage of handicraft workshops for a long time.

These methods were considered state-of-the-art at the time, but they were time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it took up to half a year for a piece of leather to be successfully tanned.

The quality of the tanned leather is not comparable with modern times, it is relatively stiff and rough, not soft and delicate enough.

To this end, Liu Zhi gathered craftsmen and discussed with them how to improve.

First of all, he noticed that the ancient leather was not layered, and although it was thick after full leather tanning, it was too heavy.

Moreover, although at present, due to the vast and sparsely populated area, the skins of cattle, sheep, pigs and wild animals are relatively extensive.

But as the population grows, so does the need for fur, and in fact, high-end leather is a luxury item in any era.

Therefore, the leather can be layered rationally, saving raw materials and reducing the waste of leather.

In modern times, leather layering has long been a routine operation, the ordinary is divided into two to five layers, it is said that the Italian side is even more extreme, more and more, the most powerful can be divided into sixteen layers.

Even the leftovers can be broken and re-pressed, which can really be said to be used to the extreme.

But now there is no such a sophisticated layering machine, if you layer by hand, it is best to start with two layers.

The second is the improvement of the leather treatment process, in his previous life, he had seen his grandfather raise his own rabbit skin, tanned and then sold, so he was somewhat impressed.

Although this kind of family method is very rudimentary, it is clear that the time taken to tann is much shorter than in the Han Dynasty.

Liu Zhi carefully inquired and observed the tanning process at this time, and then compared it with his memory to find the difference between the two sides.

It was found that there was a clear difference from the beginning of the initial treatment, and the soil method of treating the fur would first be pickled and then soaked in warm water to remove the dirt.

At this time, most of them are not fresh, but soaked in air-dried skins to soften and then made.

Then use a scimitar to carefully scrape off the excess meat and fat from the skin, and this step is the same.

The third step is degreasing, which is very critical, and the quality of the finished fur depends on whether the degreasing is thorough. During the degreasing process, the fat should be removed without damaging the fur.

In modern soil methods, soap and soda ash are used in this step, the soap is sliced, soda ash is added in proportion, mixed with warm water, and then stirred.

If you don't clean it, repeat it again, then wash and dry.

In the Han Dynasty, the sulfur and plant ash used in this step were greatly reduced in effect and time-consuming.

Then there is the tanning process, the alum generally used in the soil method, add salt and water, mix it in proportion, and then put in the fur and stir.

He remembers that this step is the most time-consuming, about seven to ten days, and there are many steps after the tanning, such as fatting, rejuvenation, squeeping, plastic surgery, and so on.

In fact, the Han Dynasty also used alum tanning methods, mainly for furs, and there were also vegetable tanning methods, mainly for leather.

The subsequent processes are all similar, and the difference is not very big.

Liu Zhi found that the main reason why the Han Dynasty took so long was in the first step.

At that time, the minced meat was first scraped with a knife, and then sprinkled with old lime water to prevent mildew and insects, and then hung on a tree to dry in the shade for a long time.

The process is very long, taking three or four months, followed by softening and physical tanning, followed by tanning with medicinal solution.

Among them, physical tanning is to use a drumstick to slowly beat it to change the structure of the leather and become soft.

This step also takes one or twenty days, and the bits and pieces add up to more than the modern one.

Liu Zhi gave guidance on the pre-treatment process, allowing them to test and explore more according to their own tips to find the most suitable method.

And the step of removing fat is not very difficult, he has already carried soap, and now it has become a necessity in the middle and upper class.

The refining of soda ash is also carried out, although the process is simple, sodium carbonate with particularly high purity cannot be obtained, and the color is also red, but it can still be used to make leather.

To make a resilient inflatable leather football, leather manufacturing technology alone is not enough, but also a valve and a pump.

In fact, as long as there is rubber, these two things are not a problem at all, and the structure is very simple.

The rubber tree seeds that Deng Yan brought back from South America have not yet been transplanted after they are raised, and it will take many years to obtain natural rubber.

Fortunately, leather can also be used as a temporary substitute, and for a modern person, pumps and valves are too commonplace and too easy.

Throughout the summer, Liu Zhi was tinkering with the craftsmen in his spare time, and when he returned to the palace in early autumn, he had already brought the first batch of new-style Keju to the capital.

The elasticity of an inflatable kemari is far better than that of a hair-filled kemari, and it feels better to use.

He even went down in person, combined with the rules of Keju at that time, and reformulated the rules of the confrontation game.

With the emperor's vigorous advocacy and personal involvement, the new Keju game soon became popular and became a new favorite in the army and the people.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, people's concepts were different from those of the Ming and Qing dynasties, they advocated force and liked all kinds of fitness sports.

Keju, wrestling, fencing, and mounted archery were the most popular sports, and most of the people of the time were physically strong and powerful.

It is precisely because of this foundation that the Han Dynasty was able to reduce the number of permanent troops and save military expenditures.

Because of the high physical fitness of the whole people, temporary conscription in wartime will not be without combat effectiveness.

Kemari was the most popular sport in the military, and the playing field and rules at that time were very different from those of later generations of football.

Keju has a special bow castle, with high walls on all sides to prevent the ball from flying out, and there are high platforms at both ends to watch the game.

In the center of Ju Castle, two wooden poles three feet high are erected, and a net is pulled, and there is a round hole about one foot in the center of the net, which is called "Merry Eye", that is, similar to the goal of later generations.

The people who play Keju are divided into left and right armies, with different colors of clothes, and stand on both sides, each team of 12 or 16 people, according to their functions, they are called ball heads, Xiao balls, positive coercion, head coercion, left pole net, right pole net, scattered and so on.

There is also a slight difference between the ball head and the player's hat.

During the Keju game, the drum is beaten, and the left team member kicks off first, and the ball is driven by the "ball head" and passed to the "seeball".

Then according to the rules in the front coercion, head coercion, left pole net, right pole net, scatter between the pass, the hand is not allowed to touch the ball, the ball must not land.

Finally, it is passed back to the "ball head", and the "ball head" shoots at the goal, that is, the ball is shot through the "Merry Eye".

If the ball touches the net and bounces back, as long as it does not hit the ground, the players of their team can catch the ball and continue to pass and shoot.

The ball shoots past the "Merry Eye", and the one who passes wins.

When the opponent receives the ball, he also completes the pass according to the prescribed passing route, and then passes it to the "ball head" to shoot. Until the ball hits the ground, the winner is determined by the number of goals.

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