CHAPTER XLV. The embarrassment of the Northeast Army,
The year 1934 was still slowly coming. Today is the first day of the Lunar New Year, Jiang Qiang sent red envelopes to Tingting and his younger brothers and sisters, and began to make breakfast for Tingting and them after setting off firecrackers in the morning, and then Jiang Bing and Qian Dafa have gone out to play, Jiang Qiang is twenty-two years old this year, and Tingting is also an eighteen-year-old girl.
Tingting is thinking, the journey of life has gone through these 18 years of youth, it is really a heavy rain of youth, it has woken me up how to face this "I think it is exaggerated" world, and also drenched me in a cold, some people have acted as a serious illness in my cold, and some ...... It's just that sneeze that I sneezed out, and it didn't have any teeth! Sometimes, when brushing my teeth, I take a closer look at the toothpaste foam that has been washed away by the water, and suddenly I sigh with emotion, are we really just children? When they are children, they must listen to their brothers in everything, and they listen to their parents in the same way when they are children. At that time, I had an urge in my mind to run away from home, whether we could not land safely without the help of a parachute, whether a person can only really grow up after a rebellious period. As for where the "toothpaste foam" will eventually float, it only depends on whether it can overcome difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead.
Before the age of 18, I always said to others: "Take a step, look at a step!" "However, when I was 18 years old, I was always worried about other people's lives. People say I'm very childish, is that true, or am I just an immature child? When facing graduation, I really sighed what kind of process the past 3 years have been, there is no flowery rhetoric to describe, so I can only do it plainly and reluctantly respond. The word "graduation" has 11 strokes, which means that we are all "lone wanderers" after this, only this "1" and "1" strokes, carrying how much joy and bitterness we have, all say that how happy and warm people are on the surface, they are often the most tormented people, then, the most tormented people in the world are youth. On this path, there are people who have failed, but if it is an effort that has not been struggled, it is a failure without an excuse. Compared to these people, I am more willing to try to do things that I can't do on my own. Behind my back, someone used to "release arrows", and I sometimes "released" them back unawares. Everyone understands the principle of "take a step back, open the sea and the sky", including me, who is not a saint or a fool. Knowing this, you will take the good aspects of those people as a standard point, because I know that this is not the scene of young people, I am me, my Lord ups and downs.
Brother, you can't run away, you are the man of my Tingting's life, I don't care if you are elm pimple or not. If you don't open up, I'll give you an idea, and in two years I'll take the initiative, see if you marry me or not, you will be my Qian Tingting's man for life, haha. At this time, Jiang Qiang looked at Tingting and smiled, and when he had a calm face, he asked Tingting what are you thinking, Tingting blushed and thought about you, this elm pimple, and said, the little face blushed and walked away, Jiang Qiang thought, wait until you are older, let's talk about it, now you are still young, hey.
At this time, Japanese Foreign Minister Hiroki Hirota issued a theory of Japan-China goodwill, and in January 1934, in the middle of the 67th ordinary session of the Diet, Foreign Minister Hiroki Hirota issued a theory of Japan-China goodwill, and a few days later issued an assertion that "there will be no war in my term of office." In October of the same year, the government proposed to the Chinese ambassador to Japan the Three Principles for China (Stopping the Anti-Japanese Movement, Recognition of Manchukuo, and Prevention of Redness) as a precondition for Japan-China cooperation. This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Russo-Japanese War, and retrospective, conceited and patriotic commemorations are held throughout Japan. The political activist Kiryu commented: "These events are spectacular, but in contrast to this pleasure, we should not forget the unhappiness of Soviet Russia." From this point of view, the adjustment of Hirota's China policy will not really have the effect of coordinating relations. However, when comparing the Hirota policy with the military policy, the coordination of Hirota's diplomacy is an objective fact. The reason for this is that the military department criticized the policy of active coordination with China as "soft diplomacy" and its position was to resolutely and severely punish those who did not cooperate with Japan and the anti-Japanese movement. The problem is that Hirota's coordinated diplomacy does not stand on the equal footing of Japan and China, but rather "Japan's diplomacy toward China alone," which is the essence of it. In other words, it is the responsibility of Japan to maintain peace and order in East Asia, and the great powers should recognize this as well. The Great Powers should not be allowed to reduce China's dependence on Japan, or deliberately move China away from Japan and toward independence by means of economic and technical assistance. In this understanding, there was not much difference between Hirota and the military department, so Hirota did not break away from the military department to carry out a separate foreign policy, and it became his tragedy to be led by the military department.
In 1934, the Ministry of War published an article entitled "The Original Meaning of National Defense and the Idea of Strengthening National Defense" in the name of the Journalism Group, stating that "this article is a companion article to 'Japan and the Heavy Pressure of the Great Powers,' which aims to affirm the true meaning of national defense, advocate the strengthening of national defense capabilities, and urge the people to be mentally prepared to deal with extraordinary times." The content is divided into: re-study of the concept of national defense; the meaning of war; War is the father of creation, the mother of culture, and other chapters. The article was approved by the director of the Nagata Military Affairs Bureau and approved by the Minister of Hayashi Juro for distribution. The booklet consists of 46 pages with appendices. The pamphlet's advocacy of the building of a "national defense nation" through a legitimate movement to transform the country is nothing more than a political declaration to induce public opinion, and it is also a political movement that advocates that it is the destiny of the Japanese nation to wage war with the international community against the backdrop of Japan's international isolation, stresses the legitimacy of withdrawing from the League of Nations, the Conference on Disarmament, and the abrogation of disarmament treaties, and expresses support for the Navy's approach. He argues that Japan is currently in an extraordinary period and that building a "national defense country" is a top priority in order to adapt to the "extraordinary period of the world." As a backdrop to the publication of this pamphlet, the Army and Navy at that time vigorously exaggerated the so-called "crisis theory of 1935 and 1936," declaring that Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations would come into force two years after its withdrawal, that the arms race would begin as a result of the abolition of the disarmament treaty, and that the Soviet Union's Second Five-Year Plan would be completed and that its military might become stronger, and that Japan would face a crisis in 1935 or 1936. Stressing that in order to overcome the crisis, not only the military but also all political, official, and financial circles, as well as the entire class and society, must be united, and the compass needle of the Japanese giant ship is urgently pointing in the direction of "unity in the military and financial circles" and "unity of the whole country and general mobilization of the whole people." It should be mentioned here that around the same time, the Navy issued an order on "Essentials and Methods for Guiding Public Opinion in Preparatory Negotiations for the Naval Disarmament Conference of the Showa 10 Fiscal Year," instructing the government to make efforts to disseminate to the public the legality of the abrogation of the two disarmament treaties in Washington and London and the need not to fear an arms race.
Unexpectedly, within a few days, the Japanese army was preparing to attack Rehe, which was located north of the Great Wall and bordered Liaoning, Hebei, Chahar and other provinces. When the puppet state of Manchukuo was founded, the so-called "Declaration on the Founding of Manchukuo" expressed that all the four northeastern provinces north of the Great Wall and outside the Guanxi were the so-called "Manchukuo" de jure territory, and Rehe was part of the puppet regime. As long as the Japanese army occupies Rehe and takes Beiping directly, as long as it occupies Rehe, the Japanese army can choose a closer route other than Shanhaiguan to go south and take Beiping.
The Rehe River itself has the Great Wall as a barrier in the south, and the Suke Xilu Mountains in the west; It is separated by the Songling Mountains in the southeast and connects with Jinzhou, an important town in western Liaoning. When the puppet Manchu regime emerged in 1931, the Declaration of the Founding of the People's Republic of China stated that Rehe was part of the de jure territory of Manchukuo. At 7 p.m. on July 11, 1933, Gonshiro Ishinomoto, a special commissioner of the Kwantung Army, was arrested. Under the pretext of this incident, the Japanese side invaded the heat on a large scale, which was compared to the second Nakamura incident. The governor of Rehe Province, Tang Yulin, promised to rescue Shiben quickly. On July 13, the 1st Brigade of the 1st Liaoning Volunteer Army and the 19th and 20th Brigades of the Northeast Frontier Army engaged the 1st Brigade of Shaotian of the 20th Division of the Japanese Army. The Japanese army has been spying on the coal resources of Xinqiu for a long time, but it has not been able to exploit it because the original Feng government refused to get involved, and after the 918 Incident, the Japanese side repeatedly tried to force the construction of the railway from Xinlitun Town to Xinqiu. In the name of the puppet Manchukuo, the Japanese army asked Tang Yulin, the governor of Rehe Province, to send a representative to Beipiao for a meeting, at which the Japanese side put forward three demands to induce Tang Yulin to defect, and Tang Yulin tried to surrender to the enemy in order to maintain his rule over Rehe.
At the beginning of February, when the Japanese army stepped up preparations for attacking Rehe, Zhang Xueliang decided to set up two group armies, with the commander-in-chief of the First Group Army being concurrently held by himself, and mainly commanding the Northeast Army's Liao Dongchun, Ding Xichun, Miao Chengliu, and Sun Dequan brigades and the 29th and 30th brigades of the Heilongjiang Provincial Army, with about 35,000 people; Zhang Zuoxiang was the commander-in-chief of the Second Group Army, and Tang Yulin was the deputy commander-in-chief, commanding Sun Dianying's 41st Army, two brigades of Tang Yulin's 36th Division, and Zhang Tingshu's 12th Brigade, as well as the Northeast Volunteer Army in Rehe, with about 70,000 people. The boundaries of the two group armies are as follows: The highways from Chaoyang, Jianchang, Lingyuan, and Pingquan to Chengde are the boundaries, the south is the combat ground of the First Group Army, and the north is the combat ground of the Second Group Army. The Chinese side has more than 200,000 troops from various units of the Northeast Army and the Northeast Volunteer Army. The commander of the Kwantung Army, Muto Nobuyoshi, issued Operational Readiness Order No. 466 in Changchun to complete the deployment. On February 17, Muto Nobuyoshi issued Attack Order No. 473 in preparation for the start of a military offensive on February 23. On February 18, 27 generals, including Zhang Xueliang, Zhang Zuoxiang, Tang Yulin, Wan Fulin, and Song Zheyuan, issued an anti-Japanese telegram in Chengde.
Under the command of Muto Nobuyoshi, the commander of the Kwantung Army, Zhang Jinghui was the "Commander-in-Chief of the Manchukuo Heat Army", the base camp was located in Jinzhou, and the Japanese puppet army totaled more than 100,000 people, and the troops were divided into three routes: the north road was composed of the Japanese Seventh Division and the puppet Manchukuo Army Zhang Haipeng and Cheng Guorui, starting from Tongliao, attacking Kailu, Xinhui, and Jianping, aiming at Chifeng, and then going south to Chengde; The East Road was composed of the 8th Division of the Japanese Army and the Li Shoushan Division of the puppet Manchukuo Army, starting from Jinzhou, attacking Beipiao, Chaoyang, and Ye Baishou along the Jinchao Line (now Jincheng Line), and finally attacking Chengde; The southern route of the Japanese 7th Division, 14th Division, 4th Cavalry Brigade and 1st Division of the 8th Division, as well as the puppet army Ding Qiang (Li Jichun) Division, set out from Suizhong to attack Jianchang, Lingyuan, and Pingquan, and then to Chengde. In addition, the 1st Division of the 8th Division of the Japanese Army, which occupied the Great Wall, and the garrison stationed at Shanhaiguan formed a detachment, which set off from Gubeikou and headed north to attack Chengde.
In response to the Japanese puppet army's three-way attack on Rehe, the Northeast Army also responded to the battle in three ways: the first line from Kailu to Chifeng on the north road was defended by Sun Dianying's department and Cui Xing's fifth division of the 17th Cavalry Brigade of the Rehe Provincial Army, and the Northeast Volunteer Army Feng Zhanhai, Li Haiqing, Liu Zhendong and other troops assisted in the battle; On the north ticket of the East Road to Chaoyang and Jianchang, there are Yu Zhaolin of the 13th Brigade of the Heilongjiang Provincial Army, Dong Futing of the 38th Infantry Brigade of the Rehe Provincial Army, and Li Chunhua and Tang Ju of the Northeast Volunteer Army who retreated into the area; The line from Lingyuan to Pingquan and Chengde on the south road was defended by Miao Chengliu of the 16th Brigade of the Northeast Army, Ding Xichun of the 8th Brigade, Sun Dequan of the 19th Brigade and Wang Yongsheng of the 19th Brigade of the Heilongjiang Provincial Army. The Japanese army stormed the Tianshan Mountains, and the Shi Wenhua Brigade of the Northeast Army fled on all fronts. On March 2, the Japanese army attacked Lindong, and the 5th Brigade of Cui Xing of the Northeast Army surrendered, and on March 6, the Japanese army captured Linxi. The Chinese defenders' Rebei defense line collapsed on all fronts.
The main force of the 8th Division of the Japanese Army began to attack Ye Baishou, but was resisted by the defenders of the Heilongjiang Provincial Army Yu Zhaolin Brigade, and the Japanese army of about 5,000 people, with 9 planes and more than 30 tanks, cooperated with the army to fiercely attack the positions of the Chinese defenders, and fought fiercely for six or seven hours. Yu Zhaolin's brigade suffered heavy casualties, and all the first company commanders of the 688th Regiment and below were killed. However, the Zhuluke position, reinforced by the 684th Regiment of the 29th Brigade, was never captured, and the Japanese had to bypass Ye Baishou and take Lingyuan directly.
At dawn on March 2, the commander of the 18th Division of the Japanese Army, Lieutenant General Koiso Kuniaki, saw that the attack on Chifeng was blocked, led the rapid troops and cavalry to come in a steady stream, the cannon rumbled, in the case of the disparity in numbers, at 3 o'clock in the night, the enemy occupied the east of the city Shatuozi, bombarded the city with heavy artillery fire, at 12 o'clock at noon, the Sun army retreated to Chifeng City, reorganized and prepared to fight to the death with the Japanese army, the Japanese soldiers approached the city of Chifeng, attacked the Chinese defenders at the east gate, the north gate, and the west gate, and set up the cannon outside the east gate of the city, bombarded Sandao Street, and the artillery fire of the Sun army had not yet arrived, The defenders were at a disadvantage, and Sun Dianying personally ascended to the east gate to supervise the battle, and until about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the city of Chifeng was still firmly controlled by the Chinese defenders. The Japanese army could only adjust the offensive deployment, detour back to Toudao Street Yamato and foreign stores, blow up the premises and rush into Toudao Street, at this time Sun Dianying was commanding the battle at the East Gate, seeing that the city had been broken, he immediately organized the defenders to carry out street battles in Toudao Street and Sandao Street, he climbed the East Gate Tower, and swore to live and die with Chifeng. Seeing that the city was about to be destroyed by artillery fire, Sun Tingbi, the county magistrate, sent Song Zi'an, president of the Chifeng Peasant Association, to beg Sun Dianying to withdraw his troops out of order to protect the safety of the residents in the city. At about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the Japanese army entered the city, and the various units of the Northeast Volunteer Army and the Japanese army started a street battle. After Sun Dianying's retreat at Chifeng, he built fortifications on the first line of Erdaohezi and continued to fight fiercely with the Japanese until the defense line was broken through by the Japanese on the afternoon of March 8, and the Chinese defenders moved to the paddock.
When Tang Yulin heard of the fall of Chifeng, he panicked and collected a large number of cars from Beiping and Tianjin, and detained more than 240 military trucks in front of him, loaded them with private property and opium and transported them to the Tianjin Concession. On March 3, 1934, Zhang Zuoxiang's Second Army Headquarters was moved from Chengde to Gubeikou; In the early morning of the 4th, Tang Yulin abandoned Chengde and fled to Fengning before he saw any trace of the Japanese army. At noon on the 4th, the Japanese Kawahara Brigade sent 128 people to occupy Chengde, the capital of Rehe Province, without bloodshed. On March 10, Wudan and Weichang were captured, the Chinese army withdrew to the Banjuta and Fengning areas, the Japanese army withdrew to Chifeng to assemble and standby, and Rehe fell. At this point, the 120,000 Northeast Army, with the assistance of tens of thousands of volunteers, was beaten by the Japanese army and fled, and all of them fell in just 12 days.
After the fall of Rehe, the volunteers in the northeast lost the large rear on which they relied for maneuvering, and cut off all sources of weapons, ammunition and other supplies. At this time, they thought of Wang Yizhe in Heilongjiang. There is no way to retreat to the north, at this time Wang Yizhe in order to respond to the retreat of the volunteers, immediately on the coast of Heilongjiang put on an offensive appearance, the result is that the Japanese are still very cooperative to give the volunteers retreat space, at this time all the Chinese people compared Wang Yizhe with Zhang Shaoshuai, and there are 128 people to occupy Rehe, this is the most embarrassing thing for the Northeast Army, Zhang Shaoshuai hated Tang Yulin very much, and he lost face in front of the people of the whole country.