Chapter 50, Tanggu Agreement
Tang Juwu and Jiang Qiang, as well as Wang Yaqiao and Guo Xiaoliu, they studied together and prepared to do something to Qinghai, at this time Jiang Qiang told everyone about Ma Bufang in Qinghai, Ma Bufang's word is fragrant, Hui, Gansu Linxia people. The grandson of Ma Haiyan, the leader of the Ganxi Hui Change, the son of Ma Qi, Ma Buqing is his brother. After 1928, he served as deputy brigade commander, brigade commander, and division commander. Before and after the Central Plains War, Ma Qi and Ma Bufang were secretly active and expanded their armies; On the one hand, he actively collected information on the chairman of the committee, Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan, and bet on both sides. At the beginning of the war, Ma Qi sent Ma Bufang to lead a cavalry brigade to march into Shaanxi with Feng's army, and extorted 50,000 yuan of "military salary" from Feng every month in the name of "forward defense relief fee".
In September 1930, the Northeast Army entered the customs, Feng and Yan lost, and Ma Qi and his son immediately supported the chairman of the committee against Feng. Ma Bufang used the Qinghai Provisional First Division formed in Xining as his capital to arrange an attack on the rest of the Nanjing government; He also obtained the written consent of the chairman of the committee to participate in the battle to pursue and suppress Ma Zhongying's troops. First, the first regiment of the Ninth Mixed Brigade was opened from Xining to Liangzhou. In 1931, he personally led his troops to occupy Ganzhou and Suzhou from Xining through Menyuan and Biandukou. Ma Zhongying was forced to withdraw from Dunhuang, Anxi, and Yumen, and later entered Xinjiang. In July of the same year, Ma Qi died of illness, and after Ma Bufang and others used both soft and hard measures, the Nanjing Nationalist Government changed its original intention of being succeeded by Wang Yutang, and announced Ma Lin as the governor of Qinghai Province and Ma Bufang as the commander of the new Ninth Division. In January 1932, Ma Bufang was also a member of the Qinghai Provincial Government and the commander of the garrison of the southern border region of Qinghai. At that time, Hu Zongnan's first division of the Nanjing government army was stationed in Tianshui, with the intention of recovering Qinghai. Ma Bufang felt the pressure, so he provoked the "Qinghai-Tibet War" and created public opinion, so that the chairman of the committee had to order Ma Bufang to send troops to repel the Tibetan army. Hu Zongnan's plan to recover Qinghai had to be shelved.
In June 1933, He Yingqin, acting chairman of the Beiping Military Branch, announced that Sun Dianying was the "Supervisor of Reclamation in the Western District of Qinghai" and issued a fee of 100,000 yuan for the reclamation of the "Qaidam area in the western part of Qinghai". To this end, the Executive Yuan of the Nanjing Government also specially passed the "Draft Regulations on the Organization of the Office of the Reclamation Supervision Office of the Western District of Qinghai." Sun Dianying happily led his troops to go. The news that Sun Dianying led an army of 60,000 people westward into Qinghai greatly shocked the Qinghai warlords Ma Lin and Ma Bufang's uncles and nephews. Ma Lin is the governor of Qinghai Province, and his nephew Ma Bufang, commander of the 9th Division, and Ma Buqing, commander of the 2nd Cavalry Division, are entrenched in Qinghai and the Hexi Corridor of Gansu, and are known as "Green Horses". Ma Hongkui was the governor of Ningxia Province and the commander-in-chief of the 15th Route Army, and his cousin Ma Hongbin, the commander of the 35th Division, owned Ningxia, known as "Ningma". Ningxia Provincial Governor Ma Hongkui was afraid that Sun Dianying would use the strategy of "destroying the enemy by false means", so he also issued a telegram at this time refusing to make a false road to Ningxia and protesting against Sun Dianying's westward advance. Between "Ningma" and "Qingma", between Ma Lin and Ma Bufang's uncle and nephew within Qingma, and between Ma Bufang and Ma Buqing's brothers, they often compete for power and profit, but at this time, the enemy is at present, and they have to temporarily abandon their previous suspicions and fight the enemy together. Chiang Kai-shek saw that the military and political officials of Gansu, Ning, and Qingdao provinces unanimously opposed Sun's westward advance, so he announced at the end of 1933 that Sun Dianying would be dismissed from his post as "Supervisor of Reclamation in the Western District of Qinghai" and let him "temporarily stay where he was, and then wait for the future."
In January 1934, Sun Dianying, who was in a dilemma, made a decisive decision and issued an order to the troops to attack Ningxia. Zhu Shaoliang, director of the Northwest Appeasement, immediately cobbled together a "coalition army," with Ma Hongkui, Ma Hongbin, Ma Bufang, and Ma Buqing as the left wing army, Deng Baoshan and others of the Gansu local army as the right wing army, and Hu Zongnan's First Division of the Central Army as the general reserve to jointly resist Sun Dianying. In fact, the right wing army and the general reserve in the coalition army were only supported from afar, and only the left wing army of the "four horses" really fought against Sun Dianying. The total strength of the four horses is about 60,000 people. And Sun Dianying also has more than 60,000 troops, and the two sides are equal. Sun Dianying attacked the city for more than a month, but never captured Yinchuan City. Seeing that there was no food and grass inside and no reinforcements outside, Sun Dianying ordered a general retreat on March 19. The remnants of Sun Dianying were later incorporated by Yan Xishan and the chairman of the committee.
Ma Bufang is gloomy and serious, and he is very scheming. In his political and military career of more than 20 years, whether he was manipulating the internal government or maneuvering around the central government, he was resolute in handling things, thoughtful and thoughtful, grasped everything in a measured manner, and handled it appropriately, and at the same time used all kinds of means to the extreme. Inside, those who obey me prosper and those who disobey me die, kick away my uncle and brother, monopolize the military and political power of Qingma, and re-control the clan's subordinates; In addition, he was awarded the feudal officials of Xinjiang, with Gan and Qing as the bases, infiltrated Xinjiang and Tibet, and conquered Tibetan areas. Everything he does is in the best interest of himself and his "community". Ma Bufang once said publicly: "Whoever gave birth to me, and whoever gave birth to me is not a traitor." "The wives and daughters of his subordinates, the sisters, nieces, brothers-in-law, and sisters-in-law of his own family cannot escape his clutches.
With such a person, can we let him manage in Qinghai? That's definitely not going to work, this time we decided to use two divisions, this time we still transferred two divisions from the northeast to Jiayuguan from Mongolia to Jiayuguan where to start sweeping the entire Qinghai, this time we will send a tank to the past, Qinghai's cavalry will have a great impact on our army, and if there is a domestic war in the future, don't allow the use of 107 rocket artillery, this lethality is also too great, we don't have to be so cruel to the people of our country, and there is also the capture of prisoners Don't let them go for the time being, I want to use the railway to connect Xinjiang with Qinghai, so that we still have to pay salaries for using them, and they will be treated the same as our soldiers.
And our reason is that Ma Bufang is too lustful, that's the reason, let's just say that the proprietress of one of our caravans was arrested by Ma Bufang, anyway, just find a reason to destroy Ma Bufang, we just want to connect Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Tibet, and we don't care about the rest. If it is a scourge, it must be cleaned up. When the time comes, I will personally go over and see where there may be a few mines in Qinghai for the Japanese to exploit, and this gang is a traitor.
Jiang Qiang said, let's ignore it for the time being, the Nanjing government at this time is not nervous if people don't hit the door, his target is the Red Party, let them make trouble, we just run Burma well, we don't participate in their struggle, and if the college students in Shanghai march, let them go to the march, but we must not let the students be killed by those agents of the Nanjing government, and those people have no bottom line in doing things. There is also the fact that I sent someone to Jiangxi to destroy the Kangze Rangers, this guy has no bottom line when he kills the people, and he calls the special forces to go to a hundred past, which is to protect those ordinary people, and those who return to their hometowns are also, as long as they kill innocents, they will be wiped out indiscriminately.
Wang Yaqiao said, then we are not involved in their struggle, Jiang Qiang said, we will not participate in their struggle, I just solved the spies who participated in the killing of the people, and we do not occupy their territory, I just can't get used to what they do, I know that the people are used everywhere to kill, damn, those spies actually beat my little sister at that time, if it weren't for my speed, my little sister would have fallen into their hands, and those spies are the same in Jiangxi now, Looks like I'm going to have to go myself. It's been a long time since I went out, you guys are ready to send troops to Qinghai, I'll set off with those special forces in a week, this time all with sniper rifles, what I hate the most is those spies, you say, the Japanese in the north are so fierce that they don't necessarily have any action, you know the people who bully their own country, damn. It is to kill their majesty.
The next day, all the newspapers in Shanghai published the "Tanggu Agreement," which stipulated that the conditions for Japan's armistice were: Chinese troops must withdraw to the west and south of Xuanhua, Shunyi, Sanhe, Yutian, Luanxian, and Leting counties, and must not enter the retreat area; The conditions for the armistice on the Japanese side were: 1. The Chinese troops withdrew to the line west and south of Yanqing, Changping, Gaoliying, Shunyi, Tongzhou, Xianghe, Baodi, Lintingkou, Ninghe, and Lutai, and there should be no challenge thereafter; 2. The Japanese army crossed the above line without pursuit; 3. He Yingqin, chairman of the Beiping Military Branch, sent a formal plenipotentiary to Miyun to express his willingness to armistice to the senior commander of the Japanese army; 4. Representatives of the two sides concluded an armistice agreement at a certain place on the Bac Ninh Railway. After all-night discussions, Huang Yan agreed to all the conditions put forward by the Japanese side. On the 23rd, the negotiating armistice letter from He Yingqin to Huang Yin was handed over to Yongjin, and on the 24th, China began to retreat. On the 25th, the colonel's staff officer Xu Yanmou and Huang Ying's secretary Li Zhiyi went to Miyun. Yongjin showed the two of them the draft of the Kwantung Army's "Armistice Awakening Book". The draft also added that "in order to recognize the sincerity of the other side, the Japanese army may dispatch planes and necessary personnel at any time to inspect the retreat of the Chinese troops, and the Chinese side shall protect and facilitate them." Later, at Xu Yanmou's suggestion, the wording was changed to "dispatch aircraft and other means" to inspect the retreat of Chinese troops. Then the two sides signed the "Book of Jue".
Tanggu Armistice Agreement. It was an alliance signed by the Nanjing government under the military threat of Japan. It opened the door for further Japanese encroachment in North China, and also meant that the Beiping Military Branch of the Nanking Government Military Commission de facto recognized the Great Wall as the boundary line between China and "Manchukuo". Later, Japan provided a pretext for further aggression against North China, or even full-scale invasion of China.
At this time, all schools in Shanghai held large-scale demonstrations, and the Nanjing government asked the Shanghai government to respond, and Wu Tiecheng was helpless, because all the police in Shanghai were police officers in Hongkou District, and he was a manager. The other conditions can be agreed to in Hongkou, but the police have not agreed to remove this area, and said that this is a matter of principle, and the chairman of the committee also lost his temper in Nanjing, but it is still useless, and I don't know who revealed the news, so that the chairman of the committee did not dare to show up for a day, because there were reporters outside, and it was difficult for the chairman to explain at this time.
After Jiang Qiang went back, he began to find reasons to prepare for going to Jiangxi. Where did he come to Lihe Commercial Bank first, and Ace said that he was going to Burma for a month, and Ace said, our prime minister wants to visit Shanghai, Jiang Qiang said, you can go to General Tang yourself, this matter may not work, because you also know that it is impossible for those people to agree, because doing so will be an act of splitting the country, and your prime minister should visit the Nanjing government first and then come to Shanghai to inspect by the way, so that it is justifiable. After speaking, Jiang Qiang left.
Jiang Qiang returned home and said to Tingting and her family, where I am going to Myanmar tomorrow for more than a month, this time I have not gotten the money for the penicillin I studied with them last time, and I am going to see where the living conditions are in Myanmar, where our whole family may move to live in Myanmar at that time, the current Nanjing government will definitely take over Shanghai, where all in Myanmar are all Chinese Chinese, where a country has been established, I will go there to be a doctor when the time comes, No matter which political party doesn't have any benefit to us, Tingting said, you are in charge of the big things in the family, and the small things are what I live and do, and how much money I have to bring this time, that Jiang Qiang said, at least give me 1,000 US dollars, that Tingting said, you are not allowed to find a girlfriend in Myanmar, do you know? Jiang Qiang said, definitely not, Jiang Bing said, brother remember to write back this time, well, I will write to you as soon as I know where I go, so that you can rest assured, the two little sisters said, brother, what do we want you to do, Jiang Qiang said, you just say brother, you come back soon, at this time, maybe my brother has arrived at the door with a gift, haha.
The next day, Jiang Qiang and a hundred special forces set off, at this time the warship sent them to Wenzhou, they disembarked, walked from Wenzhou, at this time Jiang Qiang also wanted to see where the people lived like the hell, whether it would be similar to what they knew before, at this time they must kill a few bullies, give them a little bit of a good look, and where is the main red area remember that Kang Ze is going to kill those people.
Kang Ze studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, the Soviet Union, and graduated in 1928, but he did not agree with Marxism-Leninism, believing that the Red Party was not suitable for China's national conditions. At the beginning, he served as an attendant adjutant at the headquarters of the National Army in Nanjing, and after the end of the Central Plains War, in 1931, with the approval of the chairman of the committee, the Nanchang Xingying Special Brigade was established, and Kang Ze served as the captain of the major general, which was reused by Jiang during the period of Jiangxi's suppression of red. In the base areas once established by the Red Party, Kangze's Einsatzgruppen Corps was particularly active, urging the localities to carry out clean-up and restore the exercise of political power. During the Red Party's Long March, Chiang sent Xue Yue to lead the Central Army to pursue and suppress the Red Army into the Sichuan, Kang, Guizhou, and Yunnan regions.
The members of the Einsatzgruppen Corps led by Kang Ze were composed of unemployed students from the Whampoa Military Academy. According to the schedule, there is a difference between school captains, the number of people was hundreds at the beginning, and later developed to tens of thousands, Liu Bolong, Gong Bingfan, etc. were all important people in the Kangze department. After 1932, Kang Ze served as an officer and secretary of the Central Committee of the China Renaissance Society and a member of the Central Committee of the Nanjing Government. In 1933, the chairman of the committee established a special training class of the Central Military Academy in Lushan, appointed Kang Ze as the director, recruited high school graduates from various provinces, hundreds of people per term, and became the political backbone of the Kangze group.
At this time, Kang Ze also engaged in the behavior of dealing with the Red Party, that is, if one person participates in the Red Party, the whole family will be persecuted. In Jiangxi, there was a river of blood, this is what Jiang Qiang hates the most, since Jiang Qiang knows about it, he won't let this happen. After all, he is also a soldier.