Chapter 605, Chinese Exclusion Act

At the end of 1941, Jiang Qiang officially declared the founding of the city in Burma, the name is still the Republic of Burma, Jiang Qiang also mobilized Zhuang Tao to Myanmar to form a cabinet and form a government, Zhuang Tao is the prime minister of the Republic of Myanmar, and Chen Jiageng is the foreign minister. Jiang Qiang is the commander-in-chief of the Burmese army, on January 15, 1942, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar announced the replacement of the passport, the new passport will record the details of the citizens, and paste the photo, the front of the passport is printed with a large Burmese national emblem and passport two words, and the words of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar are also printed below, the back of the previous passport has nothing, but the back of the new passport is printed with such a line of words: "The Burmese government is your strong backing" more than a dozen bright red traditional Chinese characters.

When the people who got the new passports saw these lines, they were immediately full of self-confidence, and some even hid their faces and wept bitterly, which is a symbol of the country's strength, which is a solemn promise of the Myanmar government to citizens abroad. Once upon a time, the Chinese were bullied and despised abroad, regarded as second-class or even third-class citizens, doing the hardest and most tiring work, but receiving the lowest salary, and now there is finally a regime and a country that adopts a tough policy to fight for all rights and interests of the people.

For a long time after that, Chinese people all over the world applied to immigrate to Myanmar, and a large number of Chinese scientists, senior technical personnel, management talents, wealthy people, and wealthy families poured into Myanmar to become official citizens. On January 17, 1942, a large-scale collapse occurred in a mine shaft in the western United States, and 37 Chinese miners were buried in the mine, and none of them survived.

When the reporter of the Burmese National Popular Daily in the United States learned of the incident, he immediately followed up and interviewed him, and the families of the Chinese miners did not receive any compensation of any nature. The news soon reached the state of Myanmar and China, and the ambassador to the United States protested to the U.S. government. The incident caused a monstrous sensation in Myanmar, the media reported the incident in detail, the people expressed deep sympathy, and the Chinese people everywhere rushed to donate money and materials for the families of the dead miners, and the Huaxing commercial bank organizations in the United States also negotiated with the US authorities, strongly demanding compensation for the families of the miners who were killed, but the US authorities ignored them.

The local Chinese organized a large-scale strike march to protest, but during the march, the local whites clashed with the Chinese marchers, and the local American Jingcha also helped the whites beat, shoot, and arrest the Chinese, and the Chinese were killed and wounded more than 20 people.

On January 21, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar officially sent a note to the US Government, strongly demanding that the US Government arrest and try the rioters and detectives who harmed the Chinese in this incident, make financial compensation to the families of the Chinese victims, repeal all provisions of the Chinese Exclusion Act signed on May 6, 1882 and its subsequent amendments, and apologize to the Chinese Government for the Chinese Exclusion Act. Americans are wondering, is this "Chinese Exclusion Act" related to your Jiang Qiangguo's? Do you need Jiang Qiangguo to come out and meddle in your affairs?

However, the Burmese state is different from the government of the Republic of China, the US government does not dare to take it lightly, in the past two years, the Burmese country has developed rapidly, the economic strength is strong, the whole country is full of Burmese goods, people have used it, and the Burmese country is in the battle with the Japanese army is an incomparably powerful offensive, the speed of victory, and now the Burmese country is still holding 100,000 Japanese troops! Uncle Sam in England had to bow his proud head in front of the Burmese state.

The US authorities immediately sent people to negotiate with the Burmese state, and the US government believed that it could compensate the Chinese miners and the Chinese marchers who were killed, and arrest the rioters who committed the crimes, but it was probably impossible to repeal the "Chinese Exclusion Act," and it was even more impossible to apologize, and the US government was not used to doing so. Jiang Qiang said at that time that the 200,000 troops who were preparing to go to the African battlefield stopped and all returned to Burma, and Jiang Qiang would not ignore the Chinese in the United States at this time, because Jiang Qiang was from later generations and was strongly dissatisfied with the "Chinese Exclusion Act" of the United States. Stilwell had no choice but to go back to the United States to discuss with the President of the United States at this time.

The Chinese Exclusion Act is very unfair to Chinese people in the United States, which can be regarded as racial discrimination, which is also the greatest contempt for Chinese, and its main provisions are as follows: 1. Any Chinese who attempt to enter the United States by ship must show the customs immigration officer the supporting documents listed before this act, otherwise they will not be allowed to enter the United States. Any Chinese in the United States who is found to be illegal will be deported to China by an order signed by the President after being found to have entered the country illegally after being found to have entered the country illegally by a U.S. court.

2. As of the effective date of this Act, no state or federal court may grant U.S. citizenship to a Chinese. If there is a law contrary to this Act, this Act shall prevail.

3. The phrase "Chinese laborers" appearing in this Act refers to all skilled or unskilled Chinese workers, as well as all Chinese employed by mine owners.

Since then, the U.S. Congress has expanded the scope of this bill several times to include all Chinese Americans, and each time it has imposed stricter restrictions on Chinese Americans, including prohibiting the immigrant of Chinese Americans' spouses and children to the United States. Since 1876, the Qing government has protested against the persecution of overseas Chinese in the United States. The Qing government, which was under the pressure of the foreign powers at that time, knew that the consequences of the United States' exclusion of China were serious, but did not dare to take retaliatory measures, but instead retreated step by step, and signed a new treaty with the United States in 1884, prohibiting Chinese workers from going to the United States for 10 years, which marked the Qing government's recognition of the legitimacy of the American Chinese Exclusion Act.

This has made the US Government feel even more that China is weak and can be bullied, and the anti-China has become more and more unscrupulous. On April 27, 1904, the U.S. Congress passed a bill to extend all Chinese exclusion bills indefinitely, arousing great indignation among the Chinese people, and in 1905 a boycott of American goods broke out, forcing the U.S. government to order a relaxation of entry restrictions for teachers, students, businessmen and tourists, but the Chinese were still strictly prohibited as before. In 1924 and 1930, new immigration regulations were promulgated to prevent Chinese from entering the United States.

After learning of the attitude of the US Government, Jiang Qiang was furious and immediately sent someone to find the US Minister to Burma, Finn. After Finn was found, Jiang Qiang asked in the first place: "Mr. Finn, what is the relationship between Myanmar and the United States now?" Finn was puzzled for a moment by asking such a question, but he still replied: "General Jiang, of course it's the relationship between the allies!" ”

Knowing that it is the relationship between the allies, Jiang Qiang said: "Up to now, the Chinese have exceeded 15 million in our country, and have officially become one of the main ethnic groups in our country, that is to say, this is the country of the Chinese, and your government's "Chinese Exclusion Act" is a serious racial discrimination and the greatest insult to the Chinese, and its existence will have a serious impact on the relations between our country, the Republic of China and the United States, and become an obstacle to exchanges and cooperation between us, which is very unfavorable to our common fight against the Axis powers, Mr. Finn?" What do you think? ”

"This" Finn's face was embarrassed, he couldn't say anything about this matter, he could only say: "General Jiang, I understand what you mean, but I'm not a member of Congress, and I can't do anything about this kind of thing, I can only convey your meaning to the country!" ”

Jiang Qiang nodded and said: "Very good, you convey my meaning to His Excellency President Roosevelt, he is a wise old man, I believe he should understand that everything at present is mainly to fight against the Axis powers, and he will not lose the big because of the small!" And I also have some research on the "Chinese Exclusion Act", many of the provisions in it are against the spirit of the US Constitution, you are a country of immigrants, without immigrants, can the United States develop to this extent? You, the United States, have always claimed to be a country that is obsessed with or free to show off and respect human rights, but what about it? Racial discrimination is everywhere, why can blacks and Japanese immigrants be treated fairly, but Chinese cannot?

Mr. Finn, please convey to Your Excellency President Roosevelt that the existence of the Chinese Exclusion Act is the greatest obstacle to the development of relations between our country, the Republic of China and the United States, and it will seriously affect our determination to jointly fight against the Axis powers. For us, if we are insulted, we will wash it with blood! The United States must repeal the "Chinese Exclusion Act", and the US Congress must apologize to all Chinese people for the harm caused to the Chinese people by signing the "Chinese Exclusion Act." This matter is non-negotiable! ”

Jiang Qiang's unquestionable tone made Finn sweat on his forehead, and he nodded again and again: "Yes, General Jiang, I will truthfully convey your attitude to His Excellency the President!" In the afternoon of the same day, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the State Government of Myanmar held a press conference to convey to domestic and foreign media reporters the solemn position and resolute attitude of Zhuang Tao and the Prime Minister of the Government of Myanmar.

Roosevelt proposed to Congress to repeal the Chinese Exclusion Act in view of the role of Sino-US relations, Burma, and the United States in fighting against the Axis powers, but there was a huge controversy within the US Congress. The resistance to the repeal of the "Chinese Exclusion Act" is not very large, but apologizing to the Chinese people around the world for the "Chinese Exclusion Act" is difficult for many members of Congress to accept.

First, although a very small number of U.S. congressmen and human rights groups have condemned it, the U.S. generally lacks reflection on the damage caused to the Chinese by the "Chinese Exclusion Act," and even after President Roosevelt called it a "historic mistake," most Americans have taken a blind attitude toward it. Second, there are still many people in the United States who are prejudiced against the Chinese. The third reason is that there is a general lack of effort on the part of the Chinese to fight for their rights. Many second-generation Chinese people do not know much about the history of the Chinese Exclusion Act, and in the past few decades, few Chinese people have mentioned this history that was unfair to their ancestors. Traditional Chinese habits, such as indulging in internal friction, scattering sand, and neglecting to fight, are also important reasons.

On January 26, the Burmese government issued a public statement and issued an ultimatum to the US government, ordering the US government to repeal the "Chinese Exclusion Act" within one week, and publicly apologize to all Chinese, otherwise it would impose economic sanctions on the United States, such as banning the sale of urgently needed raw materials and commodities to the United States, withdrawing investment from the United States on a large scale, stopping the sale of penicillin, a streptomycin antibiotic, to the United States, and raising entry tariffs on American goods.

As soon as the statement was issued, all Chinese people around the world cheered for it, and when the Chinese community in the United States heard the news, they also began to exert their efforts to organize Chinese people from all over the United States to petition and march to the US Government to fight for their rights and interests. On the matter of repealing the "Chinese Exclusion Act," Jiang Qiang personally made a telephone call to the chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, saying that on this issue, the two countries must maintain a consistent attitude, that this is a major issue for the rights and interests of all Chinese people, and that the leaders of the two countries must do their best to bring about this matter.

Subsequently, the government of the Republic of China also solemnly issued a statement that on the issue of the "Chinese Exclusion Act," the attitude of the Republic of China government is the same as that of the Burmese state, and the United States must repeal the "Chinese Exclusion Act" and apologize to all Chinese people for this. The two main member states of the Central Powers have made statements one after another, which makes the British unable to sit still, and if China and Burma change their positions and join the Axis camp because of this matter, it will bring disaster to the Allies.

In particular, Myanmar, although the population of Myanmar is small, but it has science and technology and industry, while China has a huge population base and abundant resources, once these two countries join the Axis powers, plus the scientific and technological support of Germany and Japan, these two countries will soon burst out with strong combat effectiveness. If China and Japan reach an agreement, then the 1 million Japanese troops pinned down by the Burmese army will be able to attack the Soviet Union in the north, and the Soviet Union will be in a situation where it will be defeated soon, and China may also join in the attack.

Japan can attack Australia to the south, and with the strength of the Japanese navy now, the United States cannot stop it for the time being, and the Australian army cannot stop the Japanese attack. Myanmar can go south to participate in the attack on Malaya and Indonesia, and to the west it can attack Burma, India, and the Middle East, join forces with Germany, and participate in the attack on Africa, then more than three-quarters of the world's land will be divided by the Axis powers, leaving only the British Isles and the Americas, and only the Americas and the British Isles alone cannot confront the whole world, and there are still many Axis countries in South America, which are not peaceful in themselves.

To this end, the British authorities also began to put pressure on the US government. The Americans finally couldn't resist it, and finally repealed the "Chinese Exclusion Act" within the time limit, and made a public apology.

At this time, after more than 20 days of trial, the Laai District Court in Burma finally sentenced the British soldiers on January 30 to rape a Malay girl in Burma and shoot a Burmese police officer in China, and the British soldier who shot the police officer was sentenced to death, and the three British soldiers who raped the girl were sentenced to 10, 8, and 7 years in prison respectively. The three were also awarded £10,000, £8,000 and £7,000 respectively for physical trauma, mental trauma and loss of honour. ……

Government of the State of Myanmar. Ruth pushed the door and walked into Zhuang Tao's office, saw Zhuang Tao reviewing the documents, walked over and said, "The case has been decided!" Zhuang Tao put down his pen. He stretched out his arm and asked, "What happened?" "There is not much difference, the one who fired the gun was sentenced to death, and the remaining three were sentenced to ten, eight, and seven years respectively, and a total of 25,000 pounds in compensation to the victims!" Ruth said.

Zhuang Tao nodded and asked, "How is the reaction in society?" "The response was good! It is said that the victim's family also made a pennant to send to the local government and police station! Zhuang Tao smiled and said, "Oh, this matter is finally over, if it drags on any longer." Or the court sentence is not effective, I don't know what will happen! ”

Jiang Qiang smiled at everyone, what should have been said had already been said, and the things that should have been explained had already been explained, and it was superfluous to say anything now. Without too much verbosity, Jiang Qiang glanced around affectionately, and then led the group towards a warship docked at the dock.

"Playing music!" "Fire!" "Cheer for the general seat and all the brothers and sisters of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, and cheer for me, with great glory!"

"Huaxia will win!" "Justice will prevail!" "The Chinese Expeditionary Force will win!" "We are waiting for your triumphant return!" "Take care, soldiers! You all have to come back alive! ”

"The wolf smoke rises, and the rivers and mountains look north. The dragon flag rolls, the horse neighses, the sword qi is like frost, and the heart is like the water of the Yellow River. Twenty years of vertical and horizontal, who can resist. Hatred, long knives, how many siblings are loyal to their bones......"

Soon, the high-pitched and passionate "Loyal to the Country" came out of the loudspeaker.

Then, firecrackers and salutes also rang out. The people standing on the pier waved their hands one after another, shouted various slogans, or sang "Loyal to the Country", and many people folded their hands and prayed to the blue sky and white clouds, wishing the soldiers to return safely with the most pious hearts!

Woo~Woo~Woo~ It didn't take long for a melodious whistle to sound, and the huge fleet began to set sail, officially heading for Africa, thousands of miles away. "Jiang, this scene is so touching, I'm about to cry! This damn war, when will it end! Falk Oil! Standing on the deck of the warship and watching the crowd that refused to disperse for a long time, watching them wave their hands and listen to the almost inaudible shouts, Stilwell's eyes were red. The scene in front of him reminded him of too many young faces who died on the battlefield, of the profound suffering suffered by the Chinese people over the years, of his motherland and hometown, and of those American compatriots who died in the war.

"Rest assured, my old friend, this damned war will end in our hands after all! Peace and development are the main themes of human society. Jiang Qiang smiled and nodded, but he was secretly shaking his head in his heart. Where there are people, there will be rivers and lakes, and where there are rivers and lakes, there will be strife, and as long as human beings still exist, wars will never end. In order for a country to stay away from war, protect its citizens from the flames of war, and achieve true stability and peace, it must be self-reliant and have strong enough national strength. Of course, these are all later stories, and it is impossible for Jiang Qiang to break through the sky in advance now.

In the past few days, Li Delin visited many places with excitement and excitement, and had detailed discussions and exchanges with many relatives and friends, colleagues, subordinates, and even ordinary people. The more he understood, the more shocked Li Delin became, although he had heard very detailed information before, but hearing and seeing with his own eyes were two different concepts. Today, Li Delin even came to the Qinzhou coastal defense line for a field investigation, because the last time the Japanese army invaded Guangxi, it landed from Qinzhou Bay, and then attacked all the way to the north, once capturing Nanning, the capital of Guangxi.

At this time, Qinzhou Bay has completely changed, and there are many reinforced concrete pillboxes distributed on the entire coastal defense line, and two 406 mm shore guns, two 380 mm shore guns, two 283 mm shore guns, four 210 mm and eight 152 mm shore guns, and dozens of 88 mm anti-aircraft guns have been installed, forming an extremely powerful coastal defense artillery fire system. In addition to this, a large number of wooden piles are placed in the shallow sea, and on the beach are jagged concrete cones, tank traps, and a large number of mines are laid in between.

In the open area behind the beach, a large number of wooden piles are laid to prevent aircraft landing. to build a concealed fire point from a vantage point overlooking the beach,...... Through this series of defensive arrangements, the coastal defense line in Guangxi has become impregnable. If the Japanese army wants to repeat its old tricks and launch a landing operation against Guangxi from Hainan Island by sea, the difficulty coefficient has increased by more than ten times compared with before.

"It's unbelievable that they have completed such a huge coastal defense project in such a short period of time! From now on, Guangxi has no worries! Standing at the Qinzhou Bay Wharf and looking at the scenes in front of him, Li Delin sighed, and was really proud and relieved of the current defense of Guangxi. Yes, with such a strong coastal defense fortification line, the navy of the little devil will be abolished, and the defensive pressure of our Guangxi will be greatly reduced! ”

Huang Xuchu, the governor of Guangxi Province, who was standing on the side, was also excited, nodded and said: "Not only that, but our Guangxi has also undergone great changes in the economy and people's livelihood in the past six months. Now our life is getting better day by day, in this war era, it is not easy to have such improvement and development! ”

"Looking at the whole of China, whether it is the economic or security situation, our Guangxi can be regarded as a leader. Although the common people are still very hard, they finally have a place to live. Li Delin nodded proudly and said: "And Guangxi's good situation today is inseparable from Xu Chu's ten years of conscientious work, you should take the first credit!" Huang Xuchu hurriedly waved his hand and said: "I don't have any credit, at most it is some hard work, ** labor belongs to you and Jiansheng, without your protection of the territory and the people, we in Guangxi may have been occupied by devils as early as a few years ago, and there will never be the current peace!" ”

"This is serious, if you want to say that you want to protect the territory and the people, it can only be said that it is the temporary peace that thousands of anti-Japanese war warriors have bought with their blood!" Li Delin waved his hand, and changed his words: "Speaking of which, we in Guangxi can get such a big improvement in a short period of time, and we have to thank one person!" "Hmm! Indeed, without the great help of General Jiang Qiang, it would not have been possible to improve so quickly with our own conditions! ”

Huang Xu Chu nodded thoughtfully, and then asked with some curiosity: "Delin, I don't understand, General Jiang just beat the little devil in Burma, why did he suddenly lead his troops on an expedition to Africa?" Why can't we clean up the devils in our house first? "It's a long story, and there are so many things involved in it, it's really not something that can be explained clearly in one or two sentences! The only thing I hope for now is that he can win the battle and play a magnificent Chinese style, so that the whole world will know that our Chinese soldiers are the best and most powerful army in the world. ”

Li Delin grinned slightly, as a participant and decision-maker in this expedition to Africa, he naturally knew very well the cause and effect and the relationship was powerful. After a while, Li Delin said to himself: "Well, according to the time, the Chinese Expeditionary Force should also arrive in Africa. When he leads the expeditionary force to solve the war in Africa, we can once again join forces to attack the Japanese invaders, launch a comprehensive strategic counteroffensive, and completely achieve a great victory in the War of Resistance! ”

"Well, I'm looking forward to that day sooner rather than later. I also believe that General Jiang Qiang will be able to continue the legend, defeat the invincible German army, and spread the prestige of China! Huang Xuchu nodded, and his thoughts flew to the distant African battlefield. Although he has been in politics for more than ten years, as a soldier, he has served as a brigade commander, division commander, army commander and other positions, and has participated in the Northern Expedition.

On March 8, after more than half a month of sailing, Jiang Qiang led more than 220,000 troops from the 1st Army and the 2nd Army of the Chinese Expeditionary Force to arrive in Yemen on the combined British and American fleet. According to the plan of the Allied General Command, after the Chinese Expeditionary Force arrived in Yemen, it would first meet up with the troops of the US 7th Army and the British 8th Army, which had just retreated from the El Alamein battlefield to Yemen for recuperation.

After a short period of adaptation and running-in, the Triple Alliance arrived in Cairo, Egypt, by land transport, and then took a ship from the port of Suez to join the battlefield of El Alamein. After nearly half a year of mobilization and training, the U.S. military finally sent troops to Africa, and this army was the 7th Army led by Patton. The 7th Army had 8 motorized infantry divisions plus 6 armored divisions. In addition, there are more than a dozen howitzer regiments and antiaircraft artillery regiments directly under the group army, with more than 250,000 troops, which can be called a huge combat group.

The British 8th Army was formed on the basis of the Nile Army, with the 10th Army, the 13th Army and the 30th Army, and currently has 18 divisions and 4 brigades, including 4 Indian divisions, 4 South African divisions, and 3 New Zealand divisions, with a total strength of about 400,000 people. More than 1,200 and more than 1,300 combat aircraft. At present, the main forces of the Anglo-American coalition in the African theater are struggling to support the battlefield of El Alamein, and the balance of victory is tilting in favor of Rommel's North African Corps.