the ostrich mentality of an abnormal aversion to risk, forced rationalization, whitewashing, and covering up contradictions; "If you do too much injustice, you will kill yourself, and victory will belong to us after all"; appeasement resulting from the obsession with the peace of the world; think that the enemy will obediently wait for you to catch up with his mechanical materialism; the theory of the superiority of utensils that thinks that the real thing is the king; Putting all problems down to the economics of not having enough money is our mental baggage.

The people who went to Payao were in a full car, and there were more than 20 people, but except for the director, Yu Zijin didn't know anyone. In the entire research institute, she was familiar with only the sisters of Kiyonoya and a second brother, and the rest were either researchers or miscellaneous personnel. Therefore, she naturally regarded the director as her eldest sister in such an atmosphere. So although she couldn't understand what the director meant above, she still applauded enthusiastically with the full car.

The institute is a five-hour drive from Payao, and because most of it is a mountain road, the director is afraid that everyone will be bored, so the director initiates a major and eternal question: why do we live? Or what do we live for?

Naturally, everyone was a little reserved at first. Most of the people in the car were twins, one didn't say anything, and the other kept his mouth tightly shut. Seeing that the atmosphere was a little depressing, a middle-aged man sitting in the first row stood up, he turned around, faced everyone, and then motioned to the person next to him to help him hand over the microphone, and he said, I'll tell you a story.

The director saw him standing up and added, I guess everyone is not familiar with it, this is Kim Jungyu, the head of our research institute who is in charge of the comparative research project of modern Eastern and Western thinking and consciousness, he is Chinese.

As soon as the director spoke, it seemed that the wind outside had weakened a lot. The car was walking on the rugged mountain road, Team Leader Jin shook his body, looked down for the switch of the microphone, Yu Zijin thought to himself that he must be a little short-sighted. At this time, Team Leader Jin spoke:

Hello everyone, I am a Chinese from Yunnan, China, and I have been in Thailand for more than 30 years. It was a pleasure to meet so many colleagues and friends of the Institute, especially the director, my idol.

The director looked at him and smiled. Yu Zijin saw it, and she felt that the director's smile was really full of love at the corners of his mouth and eyebrows, and he was really amorous. I can't help but secretly say that if I can have one-ten-thousandth of her charm, then I will die without regrets.

The director did not mention the main purpose of their trip to Payao this time, but in addition to their group of more than 20 people in the car, there were also many large bags and small bags of supplies, which looked like a relocation or an aid.

Just when Yu Zijin's heart was excited, Team Leader Jin continued:

Let me tell you about Wang Yangming, the "last saint of China".

This year marks the 545th anniversary of Wang Yangming's birth. From China to Thailand, from Japan to Malaysia, from academia to the people, many discussions and commemorative activities have been carried out around this famous figure who has been named a philosopher, thinker, military strategist, and writer, pushing the already popular "Yangming fever" to a new high.

Philosophical sayings such as "Life is a serious illness is just a proud word", "This heart does not move, it moves randomly", as well as "When you don't look at this flower, this flower and your heart return to silence" and other poetic and philosophical words, often seen in many graphics and audio, and of course, there are many online personal media that are often posted by many people.

Why do people like Wang Yangming so much today? Why did Wang Yangming become a saint from mortal? Do people today also misunderstand Wang Yangming? Let's start with the trajectory of his life.

Wang Yangming was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang, and his family history is said to be traced back to the Langya Wang family. But as we all know, it is difficult to verify the family history before the Middle Ages, so we can only talk about it.

Wang Yangming's father, Wang Hua, made brilliant achievements on the road to the imperial examination, and became the first person in high school to become a scholar in Huaxinchou, which is commonly known as the champion. In the Hongzhi Dynasty, Wang Hua was an official in the capital, and was successively promoted to the right waiter and the left waiter of the Ministry of Rites.

Wang Yangming is Wang Hua's eldest son, and since the age of 11, he has lived and studied in Beijing with his father. According to Feng Menglong's records, when he was a child, Wang Yangming was not good at reciting scriptures and history, and gathered his friends to "fight" all day long. Do you know Feng Menglong? He is a great writer of the Ming Dynasty in China, and the "Du Shi Niang" that we are familiar with from China is his work.

Hearing "Du Shi Niang", the people in the car lowered their heads and discussed. This is a TV series that has just been screened in Thailand some time ago, starring Thailand's most famous actress Paparwadi Chansamon as the heroine. Compared with the original book, the screenwriter has made some bold adaptations in the plot, the story is ups and downs, fascinating, and the actors' performances are also very exciting. After the release, it caused a strong sensation, and there was a lot of discussion on the streets. The ratings climbed from 1.719% to 4.071%, nearly 2.4 times, and finally beat "Game of Sin" with an average rating of 3.058% of the whole drama, and won the prime-time ratings championship of Thailand's three major TV stations.

Hearing Team Leader Jin mention this, everyone's interest was boosted. The director asked everyone to be quiet and listen to Team Leader Jin's speech. Team Leader Kim cleared his throat and continued:

Just now we talked about Wang Yangming's father Wang Hua, Wang Hua was very angry when he learned about this, and ordered his son to study hard and grow up to be the top student. Wang Yangming replied: "My father is the champion, can my children and grandchildren still be champions?" "If there is only one generation, although the champion is not rare. This answer made Wang Yangming take a solid beating.

This is Mr. Feng Menglong's description, and there may be no shortage of exaggerations, but Wang Yangming's character is indeed different from ordinary people. Perhaps because of this, although he is talented and has an excellent tutor, his road to the examination is not very smooth. At the age of 22 and 25, he took the examination twice, both of which fell to Sun Shan, and at the age of 28, he took the examination for the third time before finally getting his wish.

In the twelfth year of Hongzhi, Hongzhi is Ming Xiaozong, the ninth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, he is wise and wise, diligent and loves the people, and works hard to govern the country, which is highly praised. But even such a good emperor, during his succession to the throne, there was still an unjust thing, that is, this year's scientific research fraud case.

There are two people who have a relatively large impact on this case, one is Wang Yangming, and the other is Tang Bohu, a talented man who everyone is very familiar with.

That's right, it's the great painter Gusu Tang Bohu who dots autumn incense. Let's not talk about him now, let's talk about Wang Yangming first.

Wang Yangming became a jinshi, and the following year he was appointed as the director of the Yunnan Department of the Criminal Department. In the seven years since, although he has occasionally gone out on errands, he has been an official in the capital. Until the first year of Zhengde, 35-year-old Wang Yangming was not only beaten by the court rod in order to save his colleagues from disobeying Liu Jin, but also was demoted to Guizhou Longchang as a post officer, and even his father Wang Hua was implicated and transferred to the nominal Nanjing Ministry of Officials.

The story of Wang Yangming's "enlightenment" in Longchang is well-known to everyone. But in fact, this period is not long. Wang Yangming wanted to retreat to the mountains and forests at first, but later he was probably afraid of affecting his family, so he decided to go to Longchang to take office. He first evaded assassination, then went around and around, and did not arrive at Longchang in Guizhou until the third year of Zhengde. Two years later, Liu Jin was executed by Ling Chi, and Wang Yangming was also appointed to reinstate.

In the political atmosphere of repeated turns in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, returning to officialdom meant that the spring of Wang Yangming's career had come. Since then, due to the excellent suppression of the peasant uprising, Wang Yangming's rank has continued to rise, and in the thirteenth year of Zhengde, he was promoted to the right deputy capital of the Imperial Palace.

Subsequently, the most glorious moment of Wang Yangming's life came. In June of the 14th year of Zhengde, King Ning, who was feudal in Nanchang, rebelled. On 15 July, Wang Yangming raised troops to quell the rebellion, and on 20 August, he conquered Nanchang. Later, he fought fiercely with the main force of the rebels who returned to the division and captured King Ning alive. Although he has experienced many twists and turns since then, Wang Yangming even once asked to resign and go into hiding, but in the end, he was promoted after Jiajing ascended the throne and was promoted to the secretary of the Nanjing Military Department and the counselor of the aircraft. At this point, his position has equaled that of his father, and his real power is greater than that of his father.

Due to the death of his father, Wang Yangming was promoted to the secretary of the Nanjing Military Department and returned home soon after the funeral. Generally, after the expiration of the mourning period, the court will be reused, but Wang Yangming stayed at home for six years, and the court never ignored him.

It was not until the sixth year of Jiajing that the rebellion in Guangxi was too tricky, and the imperial court thought of Wang Yangming again, and the promotion followed, allowing him to command the war between Guangxi and Guangxi with the title of the Imperial History of the Left Capital of the Imperial Court of the Imperial Procuratorate. The following year, on the way back to his hometown after the war, Wang Yangming died of illness in Nan'an.

It stands to reason that Wang Yangming, who served the country to death, should enjoy honor, but the twists and turns have come again. Due to the suspicion of "leaving his post without permission", Wang Yangming not only failed to receive praise, but even his title was stripped away. The ups and downs of life can be said to run through Wang Yangming.

Wang Yangming's wonderful story is not only about his life experience, but also about the twists and turns after his death. It is said that "the coffin is conclusive", but on Wang Yangming, the "coffin lid" of this "conclusive" has to fall several times.

Wang Yangming only took more than a month to quell the rebellion of King Ning, according to the Ming Dynasty's knighthood rules, such a great achievement, can not be sealed, so at the beginning of Jiajing's accession to the throne, the court had a knighthood discussion. However, because Wang Yangming was recommended by Wang Qiong, and Wang Qiong had a tense relationship with Yang Tinghe, who presided over the government, Wang Yangming was implicated.

In the end, the imperial court named Wang Yangming as a new uncle, and he was 1,000 stones. However, the knight didn't even give an iron coupon, and even a thousand stone years of Lu were not issued at all. It's like one of us getting a major award, but there is neither a certificate nor a bonus, is it embarrassing?

The director's face changed, but it was fleeting.

Team Leader Kim is a super talkative guy and he continues:

Fortunately, Wang Yangming is not an ordinary person and doesn't care much about this. However, after his death, it became a big problem. According to convention, Wang Yangming, as an earl, should pursue the marquis, and his son should inherit the title. However, Wang Yangming's repeated resignation offended Emperor Jiajing, and his doctrine was even more intolerable to the powerful minister Gui Cao, so the "coffin closure theory" after his death became a troublesome matter.

The officials presided over by Gui Cao gave Wang Yangming a "merit and demerit" - although there was merit in quelling the rebellion, it was a big crime to return to his hometown without receiving an order, and he simply canceled each other. As for Wang Yangming's doctrine, it was completely denied.

Emperor Jiajing was not satisfied with this disposition, he felt that although Wang Yangming had made some contributions, so what? Under the personal intervention of the emperor, the final result of the disposition was: "The earl should have been pursued." But it is a signal of the first dynasty, and it is for life. After his death, he was not allowed to give any of them. The simple summary is to get rid of all of them and completely return to zero, which is the first time that the Ming Dynasty gave Wang Yangming a "coffin conclusion".

Despite this, after decades of development, the spread of Wang Xue has become unstoppable:

On the one hand, Wang Xue's cognition of the heart has the meaning of "liberating the soul", and Wang Xue's emphasis on personal will and wisdom is naturally popular. Compared with the centuries-old Cheng Zhu Zhixue, although Wang Xue is called "reactionary", it is more popular with the new generation of scholars;

On the other hand, as a doctrine that originated in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Wang Xue was naturally suitable for the social ideological soil of the late Ming Dynasty and was more easily accepted.

Another important point is that Wang Yangming attaches great importance to cultivating students, and many of his disciples also care about cultivating students, and the scale of his disciples has grown rapidly. In the last years of Jiajing, important ministers in the court, such as Xu Jie, Zhao Zhenji and others, can be regarded as descendants of the king.

Under the impetus of these people, in August of the forty-fifth year of Jiajing, before the second year of the change of the year name, the new emperor agreed to rehabilitate Wang Yangming, and in accordance with the due rules, posthumously sealed the new marquis and pursued Wencheng. In May of the second year of Longqing, the title of Xinjian Earl was also restored, and Wang Yangming's son-in-law inherited the title, which has since continued until the Hongguang Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty. This round of rehabilitation movement can be regarded as the second "conclusion on the coffin".

The restoration of Xinjian Bo only affirmed Wang Yangming's "meritorious deeds", and a new round of "conclusive conclusions" was brewing around his doctrine. In the first year of Longqing, Geng Xiangxiang and others praised Wang Yangming's doctrine and tried to completely overturn the results of the Jiajing Dynasty's court discussion. And that's just the beginning.

Since Wang Yangming has the merit of "expounding the mastery of sages", is he qualified to worship the Confucian Temple? This problem has been quarreled from the Longqing period to the twelfth year of Wanli, during which Zhang Juzheng and other bigwigs have joined the war. Opponents believe that Wang Yangming's doctrine harms Zhu Zixue and even confuses people's minds. Supporters not only respect Wang Xue, but also put Lu Jiuyuan as an example, saying that Zhu Xue was not abolished because of Lu Xue, and Lu Jiuyuan also worshiped the Confucian Temple, why can't Wang Yangming?

The ministers quarreled and finally kicked the ball to the emperor.

The original intention of Shen Li, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, was to completely deny Wang Yangming's way of worship through the mouth of the emperor, after all, Wanli's grandfather Jiajing denied Wang Yangming from beginning to end. However, Emperor Wanli was influenced by Shen Shixing and other cabinet ministers, and also out of the idea of "rebellious" Zhang Juzheng, but approved Wang Yangming's worship in the Confucian Temple. Since then, Wang Yangming has become one of the three ministers of the Ming Dynasty who was awarded the title of uncle with military merits; One of the two ministers who got the nickname "Wencheng", and one of the four ministers who worshiped the Confucian Temple. It's unprecedented.

Wang Shizhen, a great writer in the late Ming Dynasty, called Wang Yangming "a civil and military meritorious, and a crown for me". In modern times, there is even a saying that "one man has been perfect in five hundred years" and even "the last saint of China". In this round of "Closing the Coffin", Wang Yangming became popular in an all-round way and became a top-notch figure.

More than 100 years later, China's Qing Dynasty completed the compilation of the History of the Ming Dynasty, and once again made a "final conclusion" in the "Praise and Said" part of the "Biography of Wang Shouren". Compared with the attitude of the Ming Dynasty people to evaluate Wang Yangming's achievements first and then academics, the Qing Dynasty people affirmed Wang Yangming's scholarship more and believed that Wang Yangming's achievements were mainly due to his academics. However, while praising the Qing people, they also criticized Wang Yangming's self-proclaimed sainthood, arrogance of Cheng Zhu, and belittlement of his peers.

During the Jiajing period, it was not easy to praise Wang Yangming. But after Wanli, it has become a bit difficult to criticize Wang Yangming.

Wang Shizhen once commented: "Today's good benevolent people are seven or eight out of ten." In the late Wanli period, when the social atmosphere was relatively relaxed and the thinking was quite free and active, the psychology that emphasized self-awareness and self-worth could be said to perfectly meet the needs of scholars and doctors-those who are interested in making contributions can use the "pursuit of their own heart" to spur themselves. Those who only want to be prosperous and wealthy can also use "self-guided guidance" to excuse themselves.

Under the guidance of the "heart", as long as you can convince yourself, you are doing the right thing. The literati of the late Ming Dynasty were originally prone to take the edge of the sword, and even do extreme things, and the explanatory space of Yangmingxue was in line with their demands. Under the pursuit of post-learning, Wang Yangming quickly stepped onto the altar, and Yangming's learning was all the rage.

In modern times, Wang Yangming's status was once higher than that of the late Ming Dynasty. In 1926, the Chinese thinker Liang Qichao, in a speech to young people, called "doing it according to Wang Yang's teaching of the unity of knowledge and action" as "the only way to remedy". The famous Japanese general Heihachiro Togo is said to have carried a seal with the inscription "Bow your head and worship the sun all your life". Chiang Kai-shek, the president of the Republic of China, called himself a faithful believer of Wang Yangming, and called Yangming's Xinxue "lifelong food". Even another very famous figure was deeply inspired by Wang Yangming when he was young, and wrote the article "The Power of the Heart" when he was a student at Changsha No. 1 Normal School, which was valued by his teacher Yang Changji.

To this day, there are still many people who claim to worship Wang Yangming and respect Yangming's mind, and "The Complete Works of Wang Yangming" has been reprinted many times, and it is said that many of them have been received by the chairman and boss in the office bookshelf. The "Yang Ming Mind Summit Forum" for entrepreneurs has been held many times, and some companies have taken the time to discuss Yang Ming Mind with their employees.

Whether it is Confucianism or philosophy, there is obviously a threshold for systematically studying Yangming Xinxue. But why are so many people coming after them? There may be at least two reasons, one is that Wang Yangming's status is too high, and there are too many celebrities who follow him, so it is obviously right to follow him. Another reason is that Yangming Mind doesn't seem to be difficult to learn, isn't it just to cultivate your own mind, close your eyes, think about your own ambition, it seems to become "Heart Study". And the more I think about it, the happier I become, the more excited I become, and I can't wait to work overtime to put it into practice, which seems to be the "unity of knowledge and action".

So let's think about it, is Wang Yangming a saint or a human? In fact, what I said earlier is already very clear.

In addition, the popularity of Yangmeixue in Japan is also an example, although Yangmeixue was introduced early in Japan, but the peak of reverence occurred in the last years of the shogunate and the period of the Restoration. At that time, Japan was in the midst of many disasters, and the sense of responsibility and experience of Yomeigaku deeply inspired the Japanese people. At the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese mission to the West was deeply motivated by the theory of Yangmei's knowledge and action. It is precisely because of this that there is a saying that "the Japanese Restoration, Wang Xue is its forerunner".

Returning to itself, the Yangming doctrine has been highly sought after in modern times, and it is naturally closely related to the situation of the Chinese nation at that time. On the one hand, China at that time was in a similar situation to Japan at the beginning of the Restoration, and both were eager to change the status quo. On the other hand, for individuals, the study of mind is more likely to manifest itself as a method theory with practical value. From "to conscience" to "unity of knowledge and action", this process can be simply explained as establishing lofty ideals, working hard in a down-to-earth manner, and not changing the original intention during the period, and persevering until success. Especially in difficult times, the philosophical expression of Yang Ming Xinxue has more effect on nourishing the soul.

All in all, in modern times, the most meaningful part of Yang Ming Mind is the "unity of knowledge and action", and the other parts are not necessarily so positive.

In my own superficial understanding, Yangming Psychology has obvious historical limitations in at least three aspects.

First of all, the study of mind cannot answer the "question of evil", since the human heart is originally good, why does contact with external things cause deviations? And then there is evil? This may be a bit too philosophical, but when it is extended to reality, the problem will be expressed as "I think it is correct, then it can be done". As long as you can start from your heart and argue that what you are doing is in line with your conscience, even if it violates morality, national interests, or even violates discipline, you can do it with confidence. Since the late Ming Dynasty, the reason why Wang Men Houxue has done many unbelievable things is related to it.

Secondly, as a philosophy of human life, the study of mind is not suitable for the vast majority of people. For people with good roots and geniuses, the study of mind gives them more room to play. But objectively, the vast majority of people do not have such a high level of talent, rather than falling into their own "heart", it is better to follow the path designated by the former sages honestly step by step as Cheng Zhu said, and achieve positive results.

Finally, from a more macro perspective, the study of mind was not an ideal study of statecraft in ancient times. Although Wang Yangming emphasizes the "unity of knowledge and action", he emphasizes personal practice. But in reality, the "unity of knowledge and action" of the vast majority of people often becomes the self-moving of knowing with their heads and practicing with their mouths. The reason why many scholars and doctors in the late Ming Dynasty were criticized as "pedantic" is related to this.

What's more, everyone walks "to their conscience", but is everyone's "conscience" the same? From the end of the Ming Dynasty to modern times, many politicians claimed to be loyal believers of Wang Yangming, but there were not many successful cases of ruling the country and leveling the world by virtue of mental learning alone. It can be seen that although the mind of "open-mindedness, reflexivity and sincerity" is attractive, it can also self-motivate and cultivate the mood to a certain extent, but the more critical way of rise and fall is still outside the mind.

Team Leader Jin is worthy of being an expert in the study of thinking movements, and after his long speech like a river of water, everyone not only felt bored, but listened to it fascinated and deeply immersed in it.

The director took the lead in applauding, and there was a long burst of applause in the carriage.