Compared with other people's anxiety, Xu Chuan basically has no nervousness.

All he has is looking forward to what kind of 'crystalline erbium zirconate' countermaterial made with the theory of 'atomic cycle' as the core and using special nanotechnology can go.

He is actually very clear about the radiation resistance effect of 'crystalline erbium zirconate'. But what he knows is from his previous life.

In previous replication experiments, he used mathematical methods to recalculate and adjust some things in this technology, and made a certain degree of optimization of this material.

Theoretically, the optimized 'crystalline erbium zirconate' has better radiation resistance or radiation stability.

It's just that compared with the previous 'crystalline erbium zirconate' material, he doesn't know how much it can be improved.

Radiation resistance, or radiation stability, is the ability of a substance to maintain its inherent physical and chemical properties after being irradiated with a certain dose.

The radiation resistance of a material is related to its molecular structure, relative molecular weight and aggregation state.

For example, isometric polypropylene with tertiary carbon atoms receives 1.2x10 Gy radiation energy and has a perceptible change, while 8 x 10 Gy has serious changes, such as becoming brittle, breaking by hand, and so on.

Polystyrene with aromatic rings requires doses of 8x10 Gy and 3 x 10 Gy to undergo similar changes, respectively.

For example, the special radiation-resistant rubber in nuclear power engineering has a higher radiation resistance.

As for lead metal, radiation-resistant steel plate materials and other things, it has almost reached the peak of the current radiation resistance in the material industry.

The radiation resistance of 'crystalline erbium zirconate', according to the materials developed in the previous life, strictly speaking, it is not as good as the ultra-high-density material of lead metal.

The difference between the two is a little bit, and it is at a critical point.

But compared to lead metal, it has its own unique advantages.

One is the weight, which is lighter than lead.

At the same volume, the weight of the protective material made of 'crystalline erbium zirconate' is only about one-fifth that of lead.

The second is persistence.

Because of the atomic cycle, at the same radiation intensity, a protective material made of crystalline erbium zirconate can definitely last longer than a protective material doped with lead metal.

The self-repair of grain boundaries is done by using radiant energy, which allows crystalline erbium zirconate to maintain a long atomic cycle.

Although lead metal can rely on its own density to resist nuclear radiation, once the internal lead grain boundaries are destroyed, it will cause a chain reaction and cause the grain boundaries to collapse.

.......

The time required for irradiation adversarial testing can be said to be very long or very short.

It takes at least 10 or 15 days to complete the radiation curve and the drawing of the material change curve in the long-term adversarial test, so as to determine the limit of the adversarial material relatively accurately.

Radiation intensity resistance testing is not required.

Through instruments and equipment, strong radiation sources of different intensities are manufactured, and the intensity of radiant energy is gradually increased to determine where the limit of this material is.

For this kind of test, one morning is enough to complete.

For Xu Chuan, the materials he made himself clearly knew his limits.

The adversarial test of radiation intensity, he started directly with the intensity of 2 G·h-1, this standard, is the bottom line of high-level nuclear waste.

Below this number, the nuclear waste will be classified as intermediate nuclear waste, and above this standard, it will be the most difficult to dispose of high nuclear waste.

The higher the value, the higher the radiation intensity.

If you can't even bear this standard, how can it be used for the disposal of nuclear waste?

Of course, the adversarial test of radiation intensity is not purely judged from the radiation intensity index.

In addition, there are various aspects such as the thickness of the material, the confrontation time, etc.

After all, any kind of material, even water or air, has a certain radiation resistance.

Ordinary concrete, if the thickness can reach more than 1.5 meters, can also isolate most of the nuclear radiation.

After the explosion at the Chernolibel nuclear power plant, the Red Su used thick concrete cement to build a cement sarcophagus outside the No. 4 reactor as an isolation shield.

But the disadvantage is also huge, under the strong irradiation of nuclear waste, even if the thickness of ordinary concrete cement can reach two or three meters, it only has a life span of twenty or thirty years.

The sealing sarcophagus outside the current Chernolibel was actually rebuilt in 2011.

The sarcophagus built by Hongsu before has been corroded by nearly 200 tons of high-strength nuclear waste in it for 20 years.

Therefore, aside from the material thickness and confrontation time, the confrontation performance is a very unreliable thing.

It's like putting aside the dose and talking about toxicity.

For example, bananas contain potassium-40, a radioactive element that can release ionizing radiation, but it takes about 50 million bananas to make up the amount of radiation to kill a person.

And before that, you'd probably be dying, or rather dying of potassium imbalance.

However, on this basis, the thinner the thickness of the material, the higher the radiation intensity of the resistance, the more it can explain the performance of the material.

For the protective material made of 'crystalline erbium zirconate', Xu Chuan's requirement is to have the performance of resisting high-level nuclear waste within a thickness of two centimeters.

Only when this standard is reached can it be widely used in various nuclear engineering and aerospace engineering, and only then can it have corresponding value.

......

Under the auspices of Han Jin, the first round of radiation intensity confrontation tests with a strength of 2 Gy H-1 took nearly an hour, and a total of five sets of confrontations were done.

The confrontation data was flipped through in Xu Chuan's hand, and the confrontation structure on it brought a smile to the corner of his mouth.

Judging from the current inspection structure, the radiation intensity resistance test is quite satisfactory.

'Crystalline erbium-zirconate' protective materials of different shapes and thicknesses show high-strength stability and shielding rate against α rays, β-rays, γ-rays, X-rays and neutron radiation in the face of simulated nuclear radiation of the same intensity.

Under different irradiation conditions, the 'crystalline erbium zirconate' protective material shields 100% of α and β rays at a thickness of one centimeter.

The average shielding rate of γ-ray and X-ray reached 90.4%; The frequency of neutron radiation reached 84.5%; Gama's shielding rate reached 60.3 per cent.

This shielding rate, if replaced by ordinary concrete cement, is about half a meter thick to achieve.

Fifty centimeters is more than one centimeter, which is enough to reflect its shielding performance.

And more critically, it is the rate of grain boundary loss.

During the 30-minute radiation intensity confrontation test, even a centimeter-thick protective material did not suffer much damage to the internal grain boundaries when exposed to more than 30 minutes of radiation of 2 G·h-1.

If the grain boundary integrity of a piece of material is compared to 100, after the first round of testing, the grain boundary integrity of the first batch of 'crystalline erbium zirconate' protective materials in the five groups of experiments only decreased by 0.00032, 0.00019, 0.00028, and 0.00018......

The average grain boundary breakage rate is maintained at about 2/10,000, which is about 0.5/10,000 lower than the protective materials manufactured in the United States in the previous life.

It's not a big improvement, but some not-so-complicated changes in exchange for a certain level of performance improvement are a great thing.

In fact, the value of 2 per 10,000 grain boundary loss integrity is quite low.

You know, it's exposed to ionizing radiation at the level of high-level nuclear waste.

If a person is irradiated by simulated radiation of this intensity, it will not exceed an hour, and he will bleed to death, which shows the horror of nuclear radiation of this intensity.

However, when the 'crystalline erbium zirconate' protective material is exposed to simulated nuclear radiation of this intensity, the grain boundary is only 2/10,000.

Although this number will increase over time, the self-healing properties of the 'crystalline erbium zirconate' protective material will eventually allow it to maintain a dynamic equilibrium.

.......

"Inconceivably, in the face of 2 G·H-1 intensity simulated nuclear radiation for half an hour, the grain boundaries of crystalline erbium zircon materials were destroyed to less than 2/10,000. This figure is already much lower than the ceramic materials used to preserve nuclear waste. ”

In the laboratory, Xi Xuebo's eyes widened with the results of the confrontation in his hand.

The data recorded on the experimental results and the performance shown by him made him unbelievable.

Not to mention the radiation shielding rate, although the performance is excellent, there are still some differences from top materials such as lead metal.

What matters is the grain boundary breakage rate, which is the key to how long the counter material can maintain its stability in the face of high-intensity nuclear radiation.

The strong ionizing nature of nuclear radiation can ionize all the materials that come into contact with it, which can lead to various problems in the materials themselves.

If its stability is not strong enough, even if the radiation shielding rate of this material is excellent, it cannot be applied to industry.

According to the above data in the test results, the crystalline erbium zirconate material can resist the intensity of 2 G·H-1 simulated nuclear radiation exposure for more than 100 days.

This simply refreshed his perception of confrontation materials.

Don't look at the 100 days is a short time, but it also depends on the intensity of radiation you are facing.

As a researcher in nuclear energy, he has a clear understanding of nuclear radiation protection materials.

Whether it is a shielding material made of lead metal, a nuclear radiation protection cement, or rubber, it will show different damage when faced with high-level nuclear waste.

According to his calculations, the grain boundary loss rate of a half-centimeter-thick lead plate is about 1/10,000 when it simulates nuclear radiation with an intensity of 2 GYh-1.

That is to say, after about 200 days or so, the lead plate will lose its protective effect.

Considering that the thinner the lead plate, the weaker the shielding effect, the protection time should be further shortened.

And this crystalline erbium-zircon material will not, although judging by the current data, it will only last for a hundred days. But the most critical theory of the atomic cycle will restructure the grain boundaries, and a hundred days is far from its limit.

In other words, if the speed of grain boundary reconstruction can keep up with the speed of destruction, then it can be maintained forever, and the nuclear waste will always be mothballed.

Of course, this is only theoretical.

In fact, due to various external environmental interferences, grain boundary reconstruction cannot be indefinitely reconstructed, but at present, its value has far exceeded that of traditional nuclear radiation protection materials.

Looking at Xu Chuan, who was standing on the side, Xi Xuebo's eyes were full of admiration.

Is this the strength of a Nobel Prize winner? Even if you cross the line to the material industry, you can easily break the boundary.

If he had developed this material with his own hands, he would have jumped up excitedly, but Xu Chuan was still determined, as if it was just a trivial matter.

.......

After getting the results of the first round of radiation intensity confrontation test, Xu Chuan pinched the results in his hand with a smile on his face.

As he expected, the modified and optimized 'crystalline erbium zirconate' material showed stronger performance in terms of radiation resistance or radiation stability.

The first round of testing showed a grain boundary loss rate of 2/10,000.

Nuclear radiation, the sharp ionic scalpel, has ushered in a shield that can restrain it.

The use of optimized 'crystalline erbium zirconate' materials to make storage containers can preserve nuclear waste for at least 100,000 years if there is no other interference.

When that time passes, the nuclear waste will no longer be highly polluting.

After all, there is a time for atomic decay to release harmful radiation.

Although some of the nuclear waste is 200,000 or 300,000 years old, or even longer, it takes only a few thousand years for the spent fuel rods in nuclear power plants to complete.

In other words, thousands of years can reduce its harm to a very small extent.

If this project is only to develop a new type of nuclear waste preservation material, it can be said that it has been a success to come so far.

As long as the optimized 'crystalline erbium zirconate' material passes other tests, it can be used for the preservation of nuclear waste.

But Xu's goal is not to develop a new type of nuclear waste preservation material. It's about repurposing nuclear waste and turning it from an extremely difficult pollutant into a new source of energy!

The successful development of 'crystalline erbium-zirconate' materials is only the first step towards this goal.

.......

After handing over the follow-up testing of the 'crystalline erbium zirconate' material to Han Jin for processing, Xu Chuan returned to his laboratory with three scientific researchers.

For others, the successful development of the 'crystalline erbium zirconate' material is great news, but for him it is only the first step.

There are still many difficulties waiting for him in the future.

"Xi Xuebo, your job is to oxidize the gadolinium material in a pure oxygen environment, and then grind it into a powder with a diameter of less than ten nanometers."

"Lu Shun, your job is to purify the boron carbide material, and the purity is required to reach more than 99.99......"

"Zhou Bae, your job is .........."

In the laboratory, Xu Chuan assigned the preparatory work for one item to another.

The success of the 'crystalline erbium zirconate' material proves that the atomic cycle technology is feasible in the face of high-intensity nuclear radiation, and the next work is naturally to develop a strong protective clothing that can be used for nuclear waste experiments along this line.

.......