For any physicist who studies high-energy physics and theoretical physics.

The collision of large strong particles is always an irresistible temptation.

The wonders of the universe, the mysteries of microscopic particles, the composition of everything in the world...... For physicists, everything can be obtained from the large strong particle collider.

Xu Chuan is no exception, and he is also looking forward to a large strong particle collider that is more powerful than LHC and has a higher collision energy level.

I hope to discover more mysteries of the universe with the help of it.

But now is not the time.

......

After thinking about it, he replied: "On the one hand, the cost is huge, and a large strong particle collider needs tens of billions of funds to build. ”

"If a new controlled fusion project and a large strong particle collider are to be launched at the same time, this will be a lot of pressure on the country's finances."

"On the other hand, and more importantly, we don't have enough physics talent at the moment!"

"Now the construction of a large strong particle collider, before our country's physical talents have grown, it can be said to be a wedding dress for other countries."

"So it's better in another year or two, anyway, now that we have joined as a member state, and Euratom also has a certain voice and position, we can use the LHC there to train a group of talents for us in these two years, and then start the large strong particle collider."

The old man thought for a moment and said, "On the dark matter side, if we don't have our own strong particle collider, will we fall behind?" After all, this is a whole new field. ”

In the past few decades, China has caught up for several generations because of its lag in development in new areas. And the hardships suffered, the blood and tears shed, the humiliations and grievances suffered in it make people never want to do it again.

Today, dark matter is undoubtedly a whole new frontier.

Especially when the discoverer is still in his own country, it is completely impossible to say that he is lagging behind other countries.

Although the simultaneous launch of the two super projects of controlled nuclear fusion and the Large Strong Particle Collider will put enormous pressure on the financial and other aspects.

But now Huaguo is not without the ability to support two super projects at the same time, and when it was poor, it achieved two bombs and one star, let alone now.

Xu Chuan smiled and said, "Don't worry, dark matter is not so easy to form a new field that affects the entire world pattern." ”

"Although I am almost certain that this new discovery is an inert neutrino, strictly speaking, an inert neutrino is not dark matter."

"It is a particle with some dark matter properties that is released during the decay or formation of dark matter."

"At the same time, it also has some of the physical properties of conventional particles, so it can be observed by detectors."

"If it's real dark matter, with today's Euratom equipment, it can be said that it is impossible to observe real dark matter."

"Part of the reason I suggested we wait and build a large strong particle collider is because of that."

"It is necessary to wait for the technology to be upgraded, and directly put it in place in one step, and improve the collision energy level and detection means by one or even several steps."

"That's the best option."

For Xu Chuan, it is indeed not a wise thing to build a large strong particle collider now.

He still has the technology of room temperature superconductivity, dual magnetic mirrors, and strong magnetic mirror hoops to control the torus, which can be used in the collider to greatly improve the performance.

And there's a more crucial point!

After a pause, Xu Chuan added: "In addition, I don't have enough time and energy to host two super projects at the same time. ”

Whether it's controlled nuclear fusion or a large strong particle collider, he has to get his hands on it.

Give it to others, he is not at ease!

These two super projects, in today's era, can only be said to be in his hands to play the greatest value and possibility.

Hearing Xu Chuan's answer, the old man also smiled.

He could hear the words, but this was probably the first time that the young scholar had shown a confident side in front of him.

But that's the most normal thing to do.

How can a super genius who can win the Nobel Prize in Physics and the Fields Medal at the age of 21, and a scholar who is already at the pinnacle of his academia at the age of 21, not have his own pride.

......

In the capital, Xu Chuan stayed for three days.

In addition to the separate conversation on the first day, he also participated in several meetings of the Ministry of Science and Technology to exchange and promote a series of things such as investment in the field of high-energy physics, controlled nuclear fusion engineering, nuclear waste reuse, and nuclear power plant expansion.

At the meeting, Xu Chuan maintained a cautious attitude in words and deeds, and only expressed some views on the areas he was familiar with.

As he had thought before, with his current status, every word could have a big impact, especially at such a top-level meeting.

After dealing with the affairs in the capital, Xu Chuan took the high-speed train back to Jinling.

The matter related to inert neutrinos has come to an end for the time being, and the follow-up research will have to wait until the Euratom restarts the collision time of the 13tev level, and he has returned to his normal life.

I went to NTU every day for a class, and the rest of the time was spent learning and understanding mathematical manuscripts and papers related to the NS equation, and taught the two students at a reasonable price.

Now that the nuclear energy β radiation energy gathering and conversion project has gradually come to an end for him, and with a trip to Beijing, it is almost certain that the next project is controlled nuclear fusion.

Then the mathematical model used to control the chamber of a controlled nuclear fusion reactor is the most important problem to be solved at present.

......

Xu Chuan has a very deep understanding of controlled nuclear fusion, not to say that he is the first person in the world today, but at least the top three.

After all, in the second half of his last life, he spent a long time studying this.

From superconducting materials to strong magnetic mirror hoop control torus, to radiation gap buffering technology and ultra-supercritical heat engine conversion technology, he made it all in order to study controlled nuclear fusion.

And about the confinement of ultra-high temperature plasma in the reactor chamber.

It can be said that it is the biggest, or the most core and common problem in the realization of controlled nuclear fusion technology.

This is also the two main technical routes in the field of controlled nuclear fusion research, both tokamaks and sirotechnics are facing common problems.

High temperatures, high density, and long-term constraints!

If you separate these three, there are still many ways to do it separately in terms of current scientific and technological means.

For example, at high temperatures, the conditions required to produce controlled nuclear fusion are very demanding.

Earth, which is unable to react normally with internal nuclear fusion through tremendous pressure like stars like the Sun, can only be compensated by raising the temperature.

In order for the deuterium-tritium material in the reactor chamber to fuse, it needs to reach a high temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees.

But even so, there are still many ways to do it.

For example, laser focused ignition, such as heating the plasma itself by energizing, such as compressing and releasing the volume of plasma, etc., these can achieve a high temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees.

Even without considering the duration of the project, the Euratom researchers used the Large Strong Particle Collider (LHC) to create ultra-high temperatures of more than 5.5 trillion degrees.

It can be seen that high temperature is not a factor that causes uncontrollable nuclear fusion.

But if you put the three together, it's hard to control them.

To carry out controlled nuclear fusion, it is necessary to have an ignition temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees, and to maintain a regular operating temperature of tens of millions of degrees, which can be said to be unbearable by no solid substance at present, and can only be constrained by a strong magnetic field.

However, the biggest problem with the magnetic field to control and confine the ultra-high temperature plasma in the chamber is the irregular turbulence caused by the ultra-large Reynolds coefficient of the ultra-high temperature plasma.

In the high-density plasma bound by the electromagnetic field, any small disturbance will cause the entire plasma system to be disturbed.

Once tens of millions of degrees of ultra-high temperature plasma get out of control, it will cause irreparable damage to the reactor's chamber.

The premise of commercialization is that it can run for a long time and output energy stably.

Otherwise, a controlled fusion reactor would have to be overhauled after a day or two of operation, which would be meaningless.

In order to achieve long-term control, it is necessary to build a mathematical model of the ultra-high temperature plasma in the chamber of a controlled nuclear fusion reactor.

This is also one of the cores of the current research on controlled nuclear fusion in various countries.

But to be honest, this study is not favored by many people.

In order to build a mathematical model to control the ultra-high temperature plasma in the reactor chamber, in today's field of controlled nuclear fusion, it is not as promising to find a material that can resist plasma sputtering for a relatively long time.

For example, Huaguo has gone relatively far on this road and has mastered the world's leading manufacturing technology of the first wall material.

For example, the beryllium copper-tungsten material with enhanced heat load is developed by Huaguo and is widely used in domestic controllable nuclear fusion research.

Even the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), an international collaboration, has more than 10 percent of the first wall material used in this composite gold.

To be honest, the search for the ultimate adversarial material to achieve controlled nuclear fusion is also a necessity.

Although it is well known that a mathematical model for UHT plasma turbulence is the way to go.

But it's too hard, too hard, too hard to get there.

Turbulence is one of the biggest problems in mathematics and physics, and it is difficult to build an accurate control model for ordinary water and air turbulence.

Not to mention the ultra-high temperature plasma turbulence in the chamber of a controlled fusion reactor.

From the perspective of Reynolds number formula, which is the simplest and most convenient way to calculate fluids, re=pvd/μ, any one of the values of v, p, and μ will lead to a larger dimensionless number of fluid flow.

And the high-density plasma, which is bound by electromagnetic fields in the reactor chamber, has a large Reynolds number is undoubtedly quite large.

To build a mathematical model of this turbulence, you would ask any professor of mathematics, even if it was a Fields Medalist, and you would get only one answer.

That's impossible!

Unless, you can solve the ns equation.

......

In the office, Xu Chuan flipped through the papers in his hands.

On his desk, there was a whole bunch of similar things.

Part of it is the work of his grandfather, Mr. Grothendieck, on nonlinear partial differential equations and Euler's equations, and more is the information collected by Feverman on the NS equation.

After reading the information in his hand, Xu Chuan threw it to the table, took out a ballpoint pen from the pen case, and then began to stare at the A4 paper in front of him in a daze.

Don't look at the fact that he had worked with Pfeiffman to solve part of the NS equation before, but when he started to dig into the NS equation, he still felt that he couldn't put pen to paper.

After thinking about it for a long time, Xu Chuan threw the ballpoint pen in his hand aside and silently looked up at the ceiling.

In the office, his two students, Amelia and Gu Bing, both looked at each other curiously from time to time.

To be honest, in their impressions, this mentor of their own has never been so confused since they met.

"Professor, are you having any problems?"

After watching Xu Chuan stay for a long time, Amelia, who had a more lively personality, finally couldn't help it, and asked curiously.

Hearing the question, Xu Chuan unconsciously replied casually: "I'm thinking about how to calculate the infinite discrete diffusion motion in a finite dimension vector field through mathematics. ”

Amelia:????

Gu Bing: ????

What the hell is this answer from the guru?

Xu Chuan's question is actually not difficult to understand, but the finite dimensional vector field can't be linked to discrete diffusion motion, right?

The former is the theory that any non-zero finite dimensional vector space on the number field p must have a basis, which belongs to the field of linear algebra. And the latter, it's something in the realm of physics, right? If there is anything in mathematics that can be linked to it, then at most discrete mathematics and fluid mathematics can be linked.

How to answer two fields that are almost not linked?

For a while, Amelia and Gu Bing fell into confusion.

However, the questions of the two made Xu Chuan sober up from his distraction.

Perhaps, he needed a little help from someone else.

If one person can't think of anything, then at least listen to what other people think.

Thinking about it, Xu Chuan ignored the two students who were in a daze, and got up and left the office directly.

.......

Coming out of the teaching building and waiting at the gate for a while, a Hongqi sedan drove over.

"Professor, where are you going?"

After Xu Chuan got into the car, Zheng Hai turned his head and asked.

"Go home, and help me book a high-speed rail ticket to the capital."

At present, there are not many people in China who can help him mathematically, but there is one person who can definitely do it, and he happens to be in China right now.

........