After sending Gao Hongming away, Xu Chuan called Peng Hongxi again, and after briefly explaining and arranging the testing of the mathematical model, he plunged into the study again.

Although the copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting material produced by the Chuanhai Materials Research Institute is a low-temperature superconductor, he found a glimmer of light leading to the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.

Compared with the mathematical model of ultra-high temperature and high pressure plasma turbulence in Gucheng, the significance of this theoretical work can be said to be more significant.

At least in his own opinion, the level of importance is even better.

The verification of the mathematical model of plasma turbulence can be said to replace him with many people, and the work of finding the superconducting mechanism of high-temperature superconducting materials can be said to be almost none.

Even if his mentor Witten came, he could not use mathematical language to explain the superconducting energy gap of superconducting materials.

This is no longer a problem that can be solved by mathematical ability alone.

No matter how strong the mathematical ability is, it is impossible to do it without understanding the basic properties of materials, the various properties of high-temperature superconducting materials, and the inherent properties and derivation characteristics of materials.

In his previous life, he couldn't find the superconducting mechanism of high-temperature superconducting materials, on the one hand, he didn't invest time in it.

At that time, he thought that it would be enough to get the superconducting materials out, and as for the mechanism, if he didn't study it, someone would study it, so it didn't matter.

On the other hand, in his previous life, his mathematical ability was far inferior to that of this life.

In his last life, he won the Fields Medal because he solved the problem of the existentiality and quality gap between Jan Mills.

His mathematical abilities in partial differential equations, nonlinear equations, and computational functions are indeed among the top ones, but mathematics is more than that.

Algebra, number theory, geometry, number fractions, topology, functional analysis, and probability theory are all in one, and there are more than 20 major categories of mathematics.

For example, under algebra, there are linear algebra, group theory, domain theory, Lie group, Lie algebra, Kac-Moody algebra, and ring theory. and more than a dozen different fields.

Not to mention the previous life, even in this life, he did not dare to say that he knew all the fields in mathematics.

In the study, Xu Chuan continued to improve the superconducting mechanism of superconducting materials while sorting out the data about superconducting materials brought back from the Chuanhai laboratory.

From the current research, superconducting states are all products of the formation of kupo pairs of electrons and then condensation. The core problem of the superconductivity mechanism is the origin of electron Kubo pairs.

The superconductivity in copper oxide superconductors is generally undertaken by the CuO2 plane, and the nearby carrier reservoir layer plays a role in regulating the physical properties of the CuO2 plane.

However, due to the strong correlation of electrons, the physical properties of CuO2 cannot be described by the existing solid band theory.

So he needs to make a new mathematical description of the algebra theory of solids.

In front of the desk, Xu Chuan stared at the data on the computer monitor, his eyes were bright, and he muttered to himself:

"Figure 1a shows the structure of the BiO plane exposed after the dissociation of the Bi2212 single crystal sample, and a non-common modulation structure can be seen along one direction."

"In high-temperature superconductors, the originally continuously closed Fermi surface calculated by band theory does not appear, and due to the strong correlation effect, the Fermi surface becomes a four-segment Fermi arc with a high density of states at the end of the Fermi arc."

"So there are 7 scattered wave vectors between the 8 endpoints, each with Q1... Q7 to describe. After measuring the pattern formed by the coherent scattering of quasi-particles, the scattering spots of these seven wave vectors can be obtained by using the Fourier transform. ”

This can be identified using the phase-sensitive Phase-Referenced Quasi-Particle Interference (PR-QPI) technique. Thus the information of the Fermi surface is outlined in Q-space. ”

"However, in fact this physical quantity is a complex variable at any q point and has a phase, i.e., r(q,E)=|r0(q,E)|exp[ij(q,E)]"

In front of the computer, Xu Chuan analyzed the data of copper-carbon-silver composite materials in his mind, and perfected theories and ideas in his mind.

Unlike mathematical arguments, the exploration of material physics does not require long mathematical calculations.

Mathematics only plays a key role in this process, and more importantly, how to explain the relevant phenomena through a complete set of theories.

This is actually somewhat similar to theoretical physics, just like Einstein originally proposed the theory of relativity, first giving the initial form of general relativity, and then refining it little by little.

In the process of perfecting the theory of relativity, mathematical tools are used to confirm things such as gravitational field equations, Mach principles, space-time diagrams, etc.

This is probably all the natural sciences, and in the end, the study must be rooted in the commonality of mathematics.

If a theory cannot be mathematically logically self-consistent or verified, then no matter how perfect the theory is, I am afraid it will only be a flash in the pan.

"Perhaps, I have found a suitable path!"

Looking at the images and data on the computer, Xu Chuan's eyes became deeper and deeper, like a vast ocean, containing countless knowledge.

Quickly pulling a new stack of manuscript paper from the drawer, he picked up the pen and began to deduce.

“rr(q，-E)=|r(q，-E)|cos[j(q，E)-j(q，-E)]”

"Based on the phase reference quantities calculated from the experimental data, each dotted circle indicates the position of the seven scattering spots and the area integrated by intensity. It can be seen that in the case of d-wave energy gap, q1, q4, and q5 correspond to the same energy gap sign."

"The QPI intensity rr(q,-E)=|r(q,-E)| cos[j(q，E)-j(q，-E)]。 (d), (e) and (f) show the integral of rr(q,-e) intensities in the dashed circle, and q2, q3, q6, and q7 correspond to the back-gap scattering."

"In this model, if only the square lattice formed by the copper lattice is considered, and i,j are the indicators of the copper lattice points, in theory, ci,σ are usually regarded as electron annihilation operators in the general sense."

A black rollerball pen writes on the white A4 paper.

With the calculation of the energy gap data and phase physics of copper-carbon-silver superconducting materials, Xu Chuan's eyes became more and more calm.

Finally, he stopped his pen and looked at the last line of the paper.

【S→=C〃σc】

"I see, the energy gap in the superconductor is d-wave symmetric, at least in copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials."

"The energy gap can be obtained using single-band Hubbard mathematics and the Gutzwiller projection operator, and although this method is not used in all cases, the theory of low-energy efficiency in the case of strong coupling is basically the same."

"If the theory of similar models such as the t-J model and the renormalization average-field method are used to deal with high-temperature superconducting materials, the Gutzwiller approximation of the renormalization factor can be used first, and the second step is to use the standard average-field method for further processing."

"In this way, the superconducting energy gap of high-temperature superconducting materials can be calculated step by step through experimental data."

"And this approach has the potential to be a powerful means of determining the sign inversion of the energy gap function in other unconventional superconductors."

"Perhaps in the near future, high-temperature superconductivity will usher in a vigorous development."

Looking at the theories and calculations on the manuscript paper, Xu Chuan let out a long breath.

With the time to go to Gucheng to check the mathematical model of plasma turbulence, he can be regarded as preliminarily understanding the superconducting mechanism characteristics of high-temperature superconducting materials.

All that remains is to find more data on high-temperature superconducting materials to verify this theory.

After getting up and stretching his muscles, Xu Chuan sat back at his desk.

After sorting out the manuscript paper, he began to transfer the contents of the manuscript paper to the computer little by little to write a paper.

Of course, it is not possible for this paper to be made public at this time.

Although the study of the superconducting mechanism and properties of high-temperature superconducting materials is one of the hottest fields in the field of superconducting materials today, his paper may instantly detonate this pond and make him a top leader in the field of superconducting materials.

But correspondingly, it will also show others a way to study high-temperature superconducting materials.

So this paper can only be hidden in my hand for now.

But Xu Chuan didn't care too much.

After he has made the high-temperature superconducting material, it will not be too late to announce it.

After sorting out the papers on the manuscript paper and entering them into the computer, Xu Chuan got up and went straight to the Chuanhai Materials Laboratory.

He has preliminarily figured out the superconducting mechanism characteristics of high-temperature superconducting materials, and if he wants to use them, it is best to establish a strongly correlated TJ model for calculation.

However, it takes at least half a month to build a model and then test it, even for the most basic and rudimentary version.

He can't wait any longer, and he wants to go to the lab to test it and see if he can make a further optimization on the superconducting material based on the data and theory he calculated.

Rushing all the way to the Chuanhai Materials Research Institute, Xu Chuan found Fan Pengyue and asked him to arrange a laboratory for himself.

The institute originally had no redundant laboratories, after all, it had only been expanded for less than two months, and the personnel recruited and the equipment purchased were not very complete.

Coupled with the fact that he had previously requested a lot of research on superconducting materials and carbon-based materials, he was now at full capacity.

However, Song Wenbai, who had previously studied copper-carbon-silver composite materials, was arranged to analyze materials, and the laboratory he used was temporarily vacant, so he could use it.

In the laboratory, Xu Chuan personally manipulated vacuum metallurgical equipment to manufacture copper-carbon-silver composite materials.

Compared with other nano manufacturing methods such as physical crushing, mechanical ball milling, and vapor deposition, raw materials with high purity, good crystal structure, and controllable particle size can be obtained by vacuum evaporation, heating, high-frequency induction, etc., and then quenched.

Materials with perfect crystallization and consistent particle size are very important in the manufacture of materials, especially in the laboratory.

Of course, there are also disadvantages, and the preparation of nanomaterials by this method has high requirements for equipment and preparation technology.

However, the things that can be solved with money are not a matter in Xu Chuan's opinion.

On the side, Fan Pengyue and Song Wenbai were fighting in the laboratory.

Of course, they are also a little curious, curious about what this person is going to study, or how to prepare copper-carbon-silver composite nanomaterials.

Previously, Xu Chuan got the data of Song Wenbai's ultra-low temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials, and it was obvious that he was going to study it.

In just ten days, can you find some discoveries or inspiration from it?

Something deeper, neither of them dared to think about it.

They all thought that Xu Chuan had found some clues to possible optimized copper-carbon-silver composites by studying the data of ultra-low temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials.

Honestly, that's already amazing.

After all, the time is so short, and the material data is not so easy to analyze.

As for finding the superconducting mechanism behind high-temperature superconducting materials through these data, the two of them have never thought about it.

If the superconducting mechanism of high-temperature superconducting materials is so well studied, it will not be possible to find the mechanism of high-temperature superconducting materials such as iron-based, copper-based, and graphene now.

In the laboratory, Xu Chuan, wearing a white lab coat, a protective mask and goggles, was engrossed in carefully controlling the RF magnetron sputtering equipment and sputtering the prepared nanomaterials on the SrTiO3 substrate.

This step takes about two minutes for the nanomaterial to completely cover the SrTiO3 substrate and form a thin film on it.

Then, 2% (volume fraction) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Cu-plated modified carbon nanotubes were added as the enhancing phase.

After a series of treatments, it is finally subjected to inert gas protection and 30-50 minutes of heat treatment at a temperature of 860°C-900°C to form a layer of copper-carbon-silver composite film on the SrTiO3 substrate.

And this film is what Xu Chuan needs!

After staying in the laboratory for two whole days, it was not until the early hours of the next night that Xu Chuan's tense nerves relaxed.

In the vessel in his hand, a silver-gray film no larger than the size of a child's palm lay quietly. That's what he's been doing for two days.

With a long sigh of relief, Xu Chuan handed the transparent vessel in his hand to Song Wenbai and said, "Please ask Professor Song to test the superconductivity mechanism of this material." ”

"If my calculations are correct, it should reach a critical Tc at around 152K."

After a day of tossing and turning, he really didn't have the energy to do the test now, so he had to give it to others.

Hearing this, Song Wenbai opened his mouth to speak, and finally nodded and took over the material.

Testing of superconducting materials is not very difficult and can be carried out with equipment such as cryostats and Dewar liquid nitrogen containers.

It's just that this person who said 152K critical Tc, he didn't believe it very much.

What is the concept of 152K critical Tc?

Converted to Celsius, it is almost -121.15°C, which sounds very low, but in the current superconducting materials industry, it is very high.

Aside from those superconducting materials that require high-pressure conditions, the current copper-based high-temperature superconductor can reach a superconducting temperature of 94.9K, and the pressure can reach 125K, which is converted to almost -178.2 °C and -148.15 °C Celsius.

The temperature difference is 30°C, don't underestimate this, you must know that the critical temperature of 94.9K Tc of copper-based high-temperature superconducting materials has not been broken for almost ten years.

As for iron-based superconductivity, although the limit can reach -23°C superconductivity, it can only be manufactured in the laboratory at a very high cost.

Not to mention the small amount, it is also easy to pollute, and casual exposure to air will lead to superconductivity failure, so there is not much comparative value.

And if the film in his hand can really achieve superconductivity at a temperature of 152K, the high-temperature superconductivity industry will usher in earth-shaking changes.

What's more, he, the boss, also calculated this number in advance.

He didn't dare to think about the meaning of this.

(End of chapter)