Following Weng Yunzong, the two came to a conference room.

The wide screen fell, and a copy of the design was projected on it.

This is the design diagram of the 'aerospace engine' made by the Aerospace Research Institute on the electromagnetic propulsion system.

Xu Chuan took the control pen from Weng Yunzong's hand and carefully flipped through the design drawings on the screen.

Pictures pass through the eyes, and judging from the design drawings, the aerospace engine designed by the Aerospace Research Institute is very similar to the word "屮".

The narrow pipe in the middle is composed of two parts, an electromagnetic acceleration field and a compressed gas chamber made by applying improved superconductor materials, and is shaped like a cone without a sharp tip connecting a narrow cylinder.

The narrow acceleration field is composed of an inner magnetic coil, a magnetic pole, a discharge chamber, a propellant delivery tube, and a negative and negative gas distribution chamber.

Its main purpose is to electrolyze the air working fluid absorbed by the compressed gas chamber into plasma, and then increase the speed through the strong magnetic spiral acceleration field, and then provide huge thrust to the engine.

The compressed gas chamber is at the top of the narrow cylinder, which can absorb a large amount of air through a special absorption device and provide it to remove other suspended solids, dust and other impurities in the air, and provide pure air working fluid to the acceleration field.

These two parts are the middle area of the diagonal character, and in design it runs through the fuselage of the shuttle, from the nose section to the tail, providing the main power for the shuttle.

The other two shorter pipes are small propulsion units deployed in the wing section of the space shuttle, which are similar to the main engines, but play an active role in auxiliary power adjustment, steering and other work.

Judging by the design drawings, the researchers of the Space Research Institute have taken into account all aspects of the work.

Of course, this one is not all the details, and it cannot be all the details.

After all, it is impossible for a space engine to have only a few dozen blueprints, and adding two zeros is not enough.

The early aerospace engine design drawings, that is really used to pull the drawings with trucks, not to mention the rest, just the F22/F35 F119 engine used, its parts and components as many as tens of thousands, enough to see the complexity of the aerospace engine, is not an ordinary enterprise at all, or even a country can play with things.

In fact, the countries of the world that have the ability to independently design their own aerospace engines may add up to more than double digits.

After simply and seriously flipping through the design drawings of the aerospace engine, Xu Chuan thought about it with interest, looked up at Weng Yunzong, and said:

"I don't know much about the details and design of space engines, but I have a few questions I want to ask."

"Academician Xu, you say."

"The first question is the shielding of the magnetic field, have you considered it?" After thinking for a while, Xu Chuan asked: "During the operation of this aerospace engine, whether it is an improved superconductor or a related permanent magnet structure, an extremely large magnetic field will be generated, which will have an impact on some precision instruments and many related equipment on the space shuttle, as well as personnel. ”

"Especially from the design drawings, the engine you designed is almost large enough to cover the bottom layer of the entire space engine, so its impact will be greater."

Weng Yunzong nodded and replied, "I thought about it." ”

After a pause, he continued: "Regarding the magnetic field shielding of aerospace engines, it is mainly carried out in two ways: magnetic shielding layer and metal shielding efficiency. ”

"In the design of the aerospace engine, the entire engine system is located on the bottom layer of the space shuttle, which will be separated from the miniaturized controllable nuclear fusion reactor and fuel chamber in the middle layer, and the personnel bearing space in the upper stage, and the separation layer will be protected by extremely efficient shielding materials to avoid mutual interference."

"Although this will increase the weight of the space shuttle a lot, there is no other way to perfectly solve the effect of the magnetic field at present."

"After all, you also know exactly how powerful the magnetic field formed by the modified superconductor material is."

Xu Chuan nodded and said, "Well, what about these shielding magnetic fields and the heat dissipation of the space shuttle itself?" Are the means of thermal radiation sufficient? ”

Hearing this question, the average person probably thinks that it is not easy to dissipate heat in outer space? Outside is a vacuum of minus 270 degrees, and in such cold conditions, isn't it easy to dissipate heat?

But it's not.

Textbooks in junior high school tell us that there are three main modes of heat transfer: heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation.

Compared with these three heat transfer methods, heat conduction and heat convection generally have higher heat transfer efficiency, while heat radiation efficiency is lower, and the heat dissipation process is slower.

For example, the double-layer vacuum vacuum cup, or hot water bottle used in daily life, is equivalent to cutting off the hot water through heat conduction to dissipate heat when filling with hot water (of course, the actual situation is still unable to be completely isolated), so the holding time becomes very long.

Under normal circumstances, space can be regarded as a vacuum environment, in which there are no conventional substances such as air, soil, and water as conductors, so it cannot exchange energy with the outside world through heat conduction and heat convection, and can only be used by means of thermal radiation.

However, the speed of heat radiation heat dissipation is very slow and the efficiency is very low.

The interaction between the magnetic field and the shielding material, as well as the operation of the space shuttle, will produce a lot of heat, and if this heat is not transferred, it will greatly affect the safety of the space shuttle.

Therefore, heat dissipation is a major issue in the space shuttle.

Hearing this question of a conventional nature, Weng Yunzong didn't think much about it, but when this person might not know much about aerospace, he nodded and said:

"In terms of heat dissipation, these things must be considered in aerospace, and considering that the speed of heat radiation heat dissipation is slow, and there are a large number of equipment in the space shuttle that constantly generate heat, the current practice is to add a large number of heat sinks to radiate energy outward to cool down the equipment."

"At the same time, referring to the configuration of the space station and the space shuttle on the other side of the United States, the heat is transferred through the coolant circulation system."

Xu Chuan shook his head and said: "With the conventional heat radiation heat dissipation method, I think it may be difficult to solve the problem of magnetic field shielding + heat transfer and dissipation of the space shuttle itself." ”

"If the heat generation value of a conventional space station and the space shuttle is one, then for the space shuttle with a miniaturized controllable nuclear fusion reactor, the heat generation value may not be lower than ten."

"Whether it is the heat generated in the process of cooling the outer field coil or the heat of the magnetic shielding, I am afraid it is not so easy to solve."

Hearing this, Weng Yunzong frowned.

For vacuum heat dissipation, there is actually no better way to radiate than to improve the specific surface area of the material and the variable method.

The frequency of blackbody radiation (complete thermal radiation) is only related to temperature, while different materials only affect the reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves by objects, etc., and in general, the radiation frequency is only related to temperature.

The International Space Station (ISS) is a similar solution, which solves the radiative heat dissipation scheme by the reactor area.

And the key is that the temperature of the heat sink should not be too high, after all, the larger the temperature difference between the two heat reservoirs of the refrigerator, the lower the efficiency of the refrigerator, so in fact, the temperature of the heat sink will not be much higher than the temperature of the heat source.

If the heat sink can't solve this problem, it's a big problem.

For the problem Xu Chuan said, the Aerospace Research Institute has considered it, but it did not expect that this method will be far from enough.

After thinking for a while, Weng Yunzong looked up at Xu Chuan, frowned and said: "If this is the case, in addition to improving the specific surface area of the material and the variable method, and improving the thermal radiation efficiency, the only way to increase the weight of the working fluid is to evaporate the phase change heat dissipation. ”

"But in this case, increasing the working fluid will increase the weight of the spaceflight, and on the whole, some of the gains will outweigh the losses."

The weight of the space shuttle is not something that can be increased at will, and the thrust of the space engine is the main limitation.

And for every increase in weight, you need to add an additional part of the engine thrust, not to mention an additional fuel or working fluid.

In this way, the additional fuel and working fluid occupy another weight.

Just like the most powerful launch vehicle system in history developed by the United States, the Saturn 5, its first-stage rocket has a total thrust of up to 3,400 tons, but in fact it can only send a maximum of 100 tons of supplies to low earth orbit.

The remaining 3,300 tons of thrust were all used to consume their own weight.

So, the weight of the shuttle, the impact of every change in design is huge.

More critically, exactly how much thrust the aerospace engine has, they do not yet know.

Although theoretically speaking, the thrust of an aerospace engine with an improved superconducting material and a spiral orbit to increase the length of the acceleration field can reach the 100 KN class, the actual amount can only be known after the first test.

In this case, every time the dispersion of thermal working fluid is added, the requirements for engine thrust are one point higher, and the conditions are extremely demanding.

Thinking about it, Weng Yunzong looked at Xu Chuan and asked tentatively, "Academician Xu, do you have any ideas here?" ”

Although the question was raised, to be honest, he didn't think this person could have any good ideas in aerospace heat dissipation.

After all, the aerospace field and the controllable nuclear fusion field are two completely different fields, and the tentative question is only a casual nature.

Moreover, the heat dissipation of spacecraft in the vacuum environment of outer space is a huge problem that the whole world is worried about.

Anyone who has the ability to propel a satellite or space station into the sky needs to face this great trouble.

But what he didn't expect was that this one nodded unexpectedly, indicating that he really had a way to solve it.

After a somewhat surprised look, Weng Yunzong said curiously, "What do you say?" ”

Xu Chuan smiled, picked up the control pen on the table, and flipped the design of the aerospace engine on the screen to the structure.

"I have roughly calculated that with the current thermal radiation efficiency, if the space shuttle using a combination of aerospace engines and miniaturized controllable nuclear fusion technology is used to dissipate heat, at least two surface area space shuttle heat dissipation plates will be required."

"But this is obviously unrealistic, we can't carry so many heat sinks with us."

"Then finding a new way to dissipate heat is a must."

"And considering the special vacuum environment in space, aside from thermal radiation, there are not many means that can be used."

"What you just said is a feasible means to evaporate phase change heat dissipation by increasing a part of the weight of the working fluid, but it will lead to an increase in the weight of the space shuttle, which will have a greater impact on all aspects."

"However, if you want to solve the heat dissipation problem, you still have to rely on the heat dissipation working fluid to solve it."

Hearing this, Weng Yunzong's eyes were filled with some doubts, and he looked at Xu Chuan with some puzzlement, that is, he wanted to solve the heat dissipation through the working fluid, but he didn't want to increase the weight of the spacecraft, how to do this?

Noticing his eyes, Xu Chuan smiled, pointed to the design of the aerospace engine on the screen and continued: "So I need you to transform the design of the aerospace engine, and add a set of evaporation phase change heat dissipation devices in these two positions. ”

Looking at the position Xu Chuan pointed to, Weng Yunzong's gaze fell on the pipeline of the aerospace working fluid memory and the acceleration field.

After staring at the design for a while, his pupils suddenly contracted, he couldn't help but swallow his saliva, took a deep breath and said, "You mean, you are going to solve the problem of heat dissipation through the original aerospace working fluid?" ”

Xu Chuan nodded with a smile and said, "That's right." ”

"The addition of additional heat dissipation working fluid will not only compress the space on the space shuttle, but also cause a great burden on the space shuttle and the aerospace engine."

"But unlike traditional Hall propulsion units and space station equipment, the use of working fluid by the aerospace engine is ionized, and it uses the magnetic field for additional acceleration, regardless of what the state of the working fluid is."

"In this case, we can transfer the circulating heat inside the space shuttle through the coolant circulation system by storing the liquid ultra-low temperature working fluid in advance, release it on the aerospace working fluid, and then transfer it to the aerospace engine, and then discharge it to outer space."

On the side, Weng Yunzong's eyes became brighter and more admiring, and he continued to follow Xu Chuan's words: "Moreover, the working fluid in the ultra-low temperature state is preheated before entering the acceleration field, which can also reduce the consumption of electrical energy by some aerospace engines."

Xu Chuan smiled and shook his head: "This part of the savings is nothing, the key point is that the internal heat of the space shuttle can be solved in this way." ”

"Theoretically speaking, this method is possible, but in fact, how much heat transfer and consumption can be consumed by the aerospace working fluid requires you to conduct specific experiments."

After a pause, he added: "And you not only have to carry out experimental test data, but you also have to test which conventional aerospace working fluid can take away more heat." ”

Weng Yunzong nodded quickly and said, "This is no problem, we don't need to wait for the aerospace engine to be manufactured for this kind of experiment, we can do it now." ”

Simulating the space environment to test the thermal bearing capacity of the working fluid is an experiment that requires a high experimental environment.

But this is the top Xinghai Research Institute in China, and it is easy to create an ultra-low temperature vacuum environment.

Xu Chuan smiled: "Then I'll leave it to you." ”

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(End of chapter)