Chapter 400: The Post-War International Landscape
PS: I just came back from my hometown today, so this chapter is a bit late. Fight for two shifts tomorrow.
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From April 5, 1914, when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, to January 23, 1920, when the entire line was armistically fired, the world war lasted for five years and more than eight months. Europe and the Atlantic Ocean were the main battlefields of this war, and the Pacific, the Indian Ocean, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, Africa, and parts of Asia also became secondary theaters.
More than thirty sovereign states (colonies), including all the major powers of the world, and nearly 1.7 billion people were involved in the war (the total population of the world at that time was about 18. 500 million), but there are no winners in this protracted war, at least not in theory.
In this war, the old powers in Europe, such as Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Austria, and Italy, paid a heavy price and suffered heavy casualties. According to post-war statistics, the casualties (including civilians) of the Allies were as follows: 403 British casualties. 60,000, and the number of disabled people is 552. 60 thousand. The death toll in mainland France is 316. 70,000, with 456 disabled. 40 thousand. Russian death toll 687. 90,000, 868 disabled. 10 thousand. Serbia death toll 187. 90,000, 48 disabled. 30 thousand. The death toll in Japan is 86. 20,000, and the number of disabled people is 231. 30 thousand. The death toll in the United States is 222. 80,000, and the number of disabled people is 575. 50 thousand. Belgian death toll 88. 80,000, 179 disabled. 30 thousand. Chinese death toll 1. 120,000, the number of disabled people 3. 40 thousand. Portugal, Greece and other belligerent countries died 28. 60,000, 83 disabled. 80 thousand.
In addition to the mainland of these countries, the British and French colonies also suffered heavy losses, with about 26 million dead and 40 million disabled in India (the colonies' numbers include casualties from multiple uprisings). South Africa has about 1.2 million deaths and 3 million injuries. The death toll in Australia is 35. 70,000, 680,000 disabled. The death toll in Canada is 73. 10,000, and 1.44 million people with disabilities. The death toll in other British colonies was about 16.78 million and the number of disabled was 13.33 million. French Indochinese death toll 23. 10,000, 560,000 disabled. The death toll in other French colonies was about 6.43 million and 6.54 million were disabled.
The losses of the Allies were not small, the death toll of the German native was 223. 60,000, 356 disabled. 40 thousand. The Austro-Hungarian death toll was 143. 60,000, 316 disabled. 10 thousand. Italian death toll 262. 70,000, 346 disabled. 10 thousand. Bulgarian death toll 34. 10,000, and the number of disabled people is 76. 40 thousand. The Turkish death toll is 243. 20,000, and the number of disabled people is 56. 40,000 (including casualties after jumping). Poland, Romania, Ukraine, Poland and other belligerent countries died 44. 80,000, and 1.77 million people with disabilities. The German colonies killed about 490,000 people and injured about 1.24 million.
Of course, a world war of this magnitude is not only caused by casualties among belligerents, but also by some neutral countries. Neutral countries such as the Netherlands, Denmark, Spain, Argentina, Switzerland, Sweden, etc., also had more than 10,000 deaths and 30,000 disabilities.
The number of casualties in this war far exceeded that of the original time and space, and the total number of deaths, the death toll of the Entente was about 7196. 50,000 people, with about 9,553 people disabled. 70 thousand. The Allied death toll was about 10.01 million and the number of disabled was 1,452. 40 thousand. At first glance, it appeared that the Allies had taken advantage, but a large proportion of the Allied casualties came from colonial uprisings. Regardless, the war has killed nearly 82 million people and disabled more than 100 million.
This war has brought heavy disasters to all countries in the world, and it has caused heavy material and spiritual damage to mankind, but it has also brought about heavy progress in science and technology, and countries have been greatly strengthened in many aspects such as politics, economy, science and technology, culture, and military.
The first major result of the First World War was that it severely weakened the power of the old imperialist countries in Europe. The war destroyed Tsarist Russia, which spanned Europe and Asia, and the Ottoman Empire, which spanned Europe, Asia and Africa, was also dissolved. Traditional imperialist countries such as Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy were severely weakened.
At the same time, the First World War dealt a heavy blow to the traditional colonial imperial system and accelerated the pace of awakening of the oppressed nations in the major colonies. After the war, the national revolutionary movements in the imperialist countries and the national liberation movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America emerged in a new situation.
In this war, Luxembourg and Serbia were completely annexed and perished in history. But many new states were born, from Tsarist Russia were divided into six countries, including Poland, Ukraine, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, and from the corpse of the collapsed Ottoman Empire, six countries were born: Armenia, Kurdish, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Cyprus.
In addition, Ireland and Iceland also officially gained independence and became truly sovereign states. Originally, Britain strongly opposed Ireland's independence, but this time not only the Allies strongly supported it, but even China, the United States, France, and other countries within the Entente also expressed their support.
President Wilson of the United States openly stated: "It is very immoral to treat a country with a long history like Ireland as a colony." It is not surprising that the United States has reacted in this way, and don't forget that Irish-Americans are the mainstream of American society, and coupled with the fine tradition of "hating the British", Eagle Sauce will not take the opportunity to add to the blockage of Niu Niu, that would be in vain for imperialism.
As for France, I think the "deep friendship" between Britain and France, needless to say, can take the opportunity to give some medicine to the guy opposite, and the Gallic chicken has always been very happy. There is also a "traditional friendship" between China and the opium cows, from the first crow, the second crow to the eight-nation alliance, this "friendship" is not ordinarily deep, and the Chinese people will certainly not refuse to have the opportunity to express their feelings.
Besides, what Niu Niu did in the "Great Famine of Ireland" was indeed very inauthentic, and he pulled too much hatred, except for Japan, there was no country to support them. This also fully illustrates that there are no eternal friends and no eternal enemies between nations. No, before the smell of the world war was gone, there were divisions within the Entente.
As for Iceland's independence, it was the United States that made it happen. After they rented Iceland, they found it to be very easy to use, and the more they used it, the more they found it to be useful. Yes, yes, such a good territory, it would be a waste to Denmark. Since it's easy to use, don't pay it back. Of course, the face of direct annexation is somewhat unsightly, mainly because there is no suitable excuse for the moment. So the Icelandic people organized a referendum after the war, and the result of the referendum was, of course, to secede from Denmark and declare independence, uh, along with the Faroe Islands.
Denmark's repeated opposition was to no avail, and could they still have a kind of fight with the United States? Of course, this was impossible, so the Danes had no choice but to knock out their front teeth and swallow them in their stomachs.
However, the United States has broken its word on the African issue, and the "reward" they originally promised to black people in the country has shrunk by more than half. Originally, what they said was to hand over all the African territories that had been beaten down to the blacks in the country to build a state. However, after the war, the Zenith's geologists broke the news that large quantities of minerals had been discovered in the Belgian Congo, Angola (Portuguese West Africa) and Namibia (German South-West Africa).
As soon as this news came out, the American chaebol predators said one after another that such a good territory could not be given to, and it was useless for stupid and lazy to get such a good place, they would not develop it at all, it was a complete waste, and it was better for the United States to develop it itself. Now, aren't those guys in China clamoring to continue to implement the homestead law?
As for the, it is enough to give them Cameroon, Togoland, Sao Tome and the Muni River region (Equatorial Guinea), and do not forget that the weapons and supplies are provided by the United States, and even the ships that send them to Africa are also United States, even if they are divided according to the shares, they will be divided by more than half. By the way, if they are still not satisfied, you can encourage them to go to the British and French colonies to grab land and fight for independence.
The more Americans think about it, the more they feel that it makes sense, and so they do it. As a result, the American black corn was swept away by their government, and the originally five black independent countries shrunk to two. However, because the Americans were vague and didn't say anything to death, even if the Black Corn was a little dissatisfied, they could still bear it, and there were two independent countries anyway.
Black Americans who emigrated to Togoland formed the Republic of Togo, which was twice the size of the original space-time, and was the entire Togoland area, covering an area of 110,000 square kilometers, instead of the Togo, which was only half of the Togoland area of the original space-time. Although Togo is not a large country, they have a good way of doing business, and they have increased the local production of cocoa, coffee beans and cotton through their more advanced scientific agricultural technology.
At that time, Togoland's infrastructure and production level were among the best in pre-World War I Africa. At that time, Togoland was economically self-sufficient, in addition to exporting agricultural products to Germany, and became a model for African colonies. In contrast, colonies such as South Sudan, Belgium, and Angola, which were administered by the British, and Angola by Belgium, continued to make ends meet by exporting slaves to Brazil, Cuba, South Africa, and other countries.
Due to Togoland's wealth, it became a priority for the Allies in the latter part of World War I. At that time, Togoland was between the British colony of the Gold Coast and the French colonies of Upper Volta and Dahomey, and was attacked on three sides, and was toppled in less than a week. However, Britain and France did not get this good land on their own plane, and it was not long before the whole of Africa broke out in a large-scale uprising with the support of the Germans and some international humanitarian organizations (such as Decepticon International, Jean Union, Nova Brotherhood, Amalgam, etc.).
Britain and France, which were too busy to take care of themselves and were unable to suppress it, had to ask the United States and Japan to send troops to suppress it, and Togoland was also used as a bargaining chip to give up to the Americans. Later, the American black corn slaughtered here, and the local indigenous blacks were almost cleansed. Because the land is very fertile, the Americans hesitated for a long time before giving it to their blacks, and they praised themselves fiercely for this.
The other country is the Republic of Cameroon, which is formed by the merger of Cameroon, the Sao Tome and the Muni River region (Equatorial Guinea), which is also larger than Cameroon in the original time and space, with an area of about 50. 50,000 square kilometers.
Of course, everyone knows that both Cameroon and Togoland, although they are nominally sovereign states, are in fact satellite states of the United States, and their governments and armies are under the guidance of the United States and are their spheres of influence. However, for the Black Silk, it is already very satisfying to be able to obtain this treatment.
As for the Belgian Congo, Angola (Portuguese West Africa) and Namibia (German South-West Africa), they were laughed at by the Americans themselves. At that time, the black troops in the United States divided the land with fewer people, and they cleaned the local aborigines very thoroughly, coupled with the Spanish flu later, there are few natives in these three places now, and the white land is really clean. The Americans divided it into three overseas states, Congo, Angola and Namibia, which were directly administered by the federal government. The reason for their change of course may also be due to the imitation of China and Japan, both of which operate their African territory as if they were local. Japan is now also completely controlling Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) and has renamed it "Mozambique".
By the way, in addition to German South-West Africa, Namibia also includes Walvis Bay (British Walvis Port), which the Yankees also occupied in the process of quelling the unrest, and by the way made a request for transfer to the British, and the British had to pinch their noses and admit it in order to make the Americans contribute more......
In addition to the benefits in Africa, the United States also received islands throughout the Caribbean, British and French islands in the eastern Pacific, and all of Guyana (including British, French, and Dutch territories). It can be that you have earned enough, which is in stark contrast to the situation where you didn't get any land in the original time and space.
Even the Americans have put two satellites in Africa, and Germany, which strongly supports the independence of the African people, naturally cannot slap itself in the face. After the war, they also launched a large satellite - the East African Republic, which included all of Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi in the original time and space, as well as the southern parts of Uganda and Kenya, and the northeastern part of Zambia, totaling 1.11 million square kilometers.
Of course, anyone with a discerning eye knows that this Rausch Zi Non-Republic is just a puppet of Erdezi.
Because the intensity of the western front of the plane is higher, and the second virtue is more violent, Britain and France can't take care of Africa at all. Therefore, Britain and France, as old colonial powers, did not take much advantage in Africa this time, Britain and France divided Libya belonging to Italy equally, and Britain also got Eritrea and the entire Somaliland region. Of course, they are already very good compared to Italy, and they have already lost all their African colonies.
Just after the great powers signed a pact and endorsed each other's territories and spheres of influence, Austria-Hungary was in trouble. Hungary and Bohemia are breaking up.
Well, it is also reasonable for Austria-Hungary to make such a mess. Anyone who knows a little about European history knows that the Austro-Hungarian Empire was originally a very strange existence, which was reluctantly united by the "lower body fort" family. That's right, the "lower body fort" I am talking about is the Habsburgs, which is the nickname of the girls.