"Auntie, aunt, there is a great thing!"

This morning, Mrs. Yan was cooking, and Shen Yourong ran back from outside.

Seeing her daughter-in-law's happy appearance, Mrs. Yan couldn't help but ask, "What good things can be?" But Brother Qi'er's official study has been done? ”

Shen Yourong said: "It's the five brothers of Bai Fu, and the whole family is gone." A neighbor of the village said that the Bai brothers committed a crime, and the government wanted to arrest them, so they fled to the countryside overnight. ”

"Really ran away?" Mrs. Yan was a little unconvinced.

Shen Yourong said: "I really ran away, and they also robbed the fishing boat." Uncle Liu said that it rained lightly last night, and it was time to fish at night. He had just cast two nets, and he heard the Bai brothers shouting on the shore. I didn't know what I was shouting, and I was afraid of offending the five brothers, so I packed up the net and rowed to the shore. Before the boat could come to a stop, Bradford had jumped on board and pushed him into the water. Several other fishing boats in the village were also snatched by the five brothers. ”

Mrs. Yan said with disgust: "These bad seeds, even if they run for their lives, they will harm others." If you rob another fishing boat, what will people do to live? ”

"The neighbors of the village who have been seized land are all moving back to the field boundary at this time, let's go quickly!" Shen Yourong said eagerly.

Seeing that the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law went out with hoes and didn't even cook breakfast, Zhu Guoxiang couldn't help but ask about the situation.

Asked clearly, Zhu Guoxiang said: "We will also go to help." ”

The father and son took Bai Qi and went out to the field together.

Zhu Ming deliberately walked very slowly, fell a few meters away, and whispered: "It is estimated that they were sent to the front of the ya, and these five brothers knew that they could not be spared, so they simply packed up and fled for their lives." Pity these villagers, who don't know that they have to pay the taxes they owe, and they are all happy to get their land back. ”

"I asked Shen Niangzi, over the years, the villagers have generally paid the land endowment," Zhu Guoxiang couldn't understand, "Why are there so many taxes to be paid?" ”

Zhu Ming speculated: "The people fled, their household registrations were not sold, and the fields and properties were annexed by large households. This kind of merger basically belongs to the hidden field, and the big households are unwilling to pay taxes, so they have been owing. Now that the government is tracking down, it will let all the people share it equally. There is also a possibility that some taxes have been embezzled by officials and villagers, and they will be counted on the heads of the people when they are traced. ”

Zhu Guoxiang fell silent, increasingly dissatisfied with the Song Dynasty government.

At this moment, Shangbai Village seems to be in a carnival.

The villagers rushed to tell each other and went out with hoes. They all said that they were oppressed and their fields were occupied by the five brothers, but in fact, many people were fishing in troubled waters.

When she came to a dry field, Mrs. Yan pointed to the edge of the field and said, "This ridge of land belongs to my family, and the boundary of the field has been moved by Bai Fude." ”

Father and son immediately wielded their hoes, dug up the ridge, and then rebuilt the ridge outward.

The two men and two women worked together, and Bai Qi, the child, also helped move the soil, and it took nearly three hours to get it done.

Looking at the other villagers, most of them are messing around, not only reclaiming their own land, but also taking the opportunity to occupy more acres. Anyway, the five brothers of the Bai family have already run away, so if they don't occupy it at this time, when will they stay?

Even the villagers, who had never been bullied, pointed to a certain piece and said: This is the land of my ancestors, which was forcibly occupied by Bai Fu's great-grandfather!

In the face of chaos, Mrs. Yan warned her grandson: "Brother Qi, it's not my family's things, you can't take them." If it's not my family's land, I can't occupy it. You have to be a human being, do you remember? ”

"Remember." Bai Qi nodded seriously.

Suddenly, a few villagers came over, looked at the field boundary of Xinlei, and asked, "Auntie Yan, this land is next to your house, why don't you order more?" ”

Mrs. Yan said: "I have already taken back the occupied ridge. ”

"Then the rest, my two families can be divided." The villagers were very happy.

These villagers are two families, and they immediately wield hoes to divide the fields.

Not only the fields are divided, but also the crops in the fields, the wheat seedlings grow lushly, as long as they are taken care of, they can be directly harvested in summer.

"It's fighting, it's fighting!"

But it was two brothers from the old white family, each with their families, beating each other in the paddy fields near the river.

Of course, they will not be bullied by Bai Fu, and they are purely here to grab the fields at this time. And he was too lazy to compete with the villagers for dry land, so he directly aimed at the fertile paddy fields, and rushed to grab the spoils and start a fight with the uneven distribution of the spoils.

By the time Zhu Ming went over to watch the play, the brawl had already been decided.

Both sides were wounded, and some had their heads broken and their faces covered in blood. Two women were lying in the paddy fields, pulling each other's hair and their clothes wrapped in muddy water, and they were swearing and not letting go.

Most of the children in their family were crying in the wawa, and the older ones even participated in the brawl.

Because the matter was too big, Bai Lao Taijun and Lao Bai were alarmed.

The old white man was carried to the edge of the field by the servants, and angrily reprimanded the two brothers: "They are all their own families, for a paddy field, they are like this, and the faces of the Bai family have been lost by you!" ”

The two sides are gossiping, just waiting for the old white man to call the shots.

The old white man said: "From the middle of the ridge, the family is divided into half. ”

The side that suffered from the brawl said: "My family's eldest man, his head was broken, and he will either pay for the soup and medicine, or he will have an extra piece of land." ”

"Break a fart and bleed for a few days." Another said.

The old white man was already angry, and he didn't want to mess around anymore, so he directly judged the result: "Half of the family, whoever makes trouble again, will go to the wheel this year!" ”

For an instant, no one spoke, but they were all unconvinced.

On the side that wins the battle, they feel that if they win, they should occupy more land.

On the losing side, they feel that they should occupy more land if they suffer losses.

But if they are not convinced, they have already spoken, and they must strictly abide by it.

As for Bai Chongwen, the eldest man of the Bai family, this goods has already taken the slaves and occupied the two fattest paddy fields, and no one dares to rob him without opening his eyes.

The battle in the paddy fields stopped, and the farther mountains were fighting again.

At this moment, the law of the jungle eats the strong, morality and law must stand aside, and as long as they are not killed or disabled, no one will take care of them.

A peaceful countryside, revealing its most cruel and ugly undertones.

When the father and son returned to the courtyard, Zhu Ming moved to the bench and sat down: "Dean Zhu, do you have any feelings?" ”

Zhu Guoxiang said: "It's unique and breathtaking. When I was a child, there were occasional battles for land in the countryside, but only for the corners. The main thing is that it is useless to fight for more, the land belongs to the village collective, and when it is not clear, the production team can be allowed to re-divide the land. In ancient times, it could not be solved, it all depended on whose power was greater, it all depended on whose family had more men, and the grassroots ruling power of the government was too weak. ”

Zhu Ming said with a smile: "I really admire the old white staff, if it is replaced by those inferior gentry, I am afraid that no one is allowed to rob it today, and the land is all owned by the landlord." The Bai family was able to resist greed and only occupy two fertile fields, which was already very restrained. ”

While they were talking, another group of villagers passed by, pushing and cursing from nearby.

It is estimated that the result of grabbing the field was not obtained, and he was clamoring to go to the old white man to comment.

This reflects the prestige of the old white man, and the villagers are convinced of him, so they will ask him for comment. As long as the partiality is not too obvious, the old white man will say whatever he wants, and the villagers will be willing to listen to him.

The more similar incidents are handled, the higher the prestige of the old white outside.

Zhu Ming pointed to the villagers who were far away, with a bit of sarcasm in his tone: "See, this is called a village sage, a herdsman on behalf of the Son of Heaven." In the remote countryside, the emperor is a fart, and the village sage is the only one who says the same. ”

"The grassroots are out of control." Zhu Guoxiang said.

Zhu Ming shook his head and said: "The grassroots level has not been completely out of control, in ancient times, the backward productive forces, the gentry class belonged to the supplementary part of the state power. Even from a certain point of view, it can be called a progressive force. The decline of the Northern Song Dynasty was due to problems with the superstructure. It is in the transition period of ancient Chinese feudal society, and it has begun to transform, but it has not yet turned around. ”

"Since the Qin and Han dynasties, it has been a county system, right? What else needs to be transformed? Zhu Guoxiang didn't understand what his son wanted to say at all.

Zhu Ming explained in detail: "It's different. ”

"Before the Song Dynasty, no matter what the actual effect was, the imperial court was explicitly inhibiting annexation. Under the whole world, it is not the king's land, this sentence belongs to the absolute main theme. And from the Song Dynasty onwards, land was thoroughly commoditized. Even if the emperor gave the ministers a house, he had to pay the people for demolition. Don't care how much you give, don't care if you get it or not, even if you make a show, you have to pay the demolition fee. ”

"The liberalization of land annexation led to drastic changes in the social structure, and the landlord class, as a force, appeared on the stage of Chinese history for the first time. At the same time, agricultural technology was improved, more people could be fed, the cities of the Song Dynasty began to prosper, the social division of labor was more refined, and the citizen class also appeared on the stage of history. ”

"Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty and before it could not explain the social structure of the Song Dynasty, so it gave birth to Confucian innovation. Cheng Zhu Lixue was born in this context. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, science had not yet matured, and it was only one of many neo-Confucianism. ”

"Coincidentally, printing and the imperial examination also took shape, the way of cultural transmission changed qualitatively, and the group of educated people expanded rapidly. From the academic works, it can be seen that the academic works of the Tang Dynasty and before were mainly in the form of classical Chinese, and the audience was the social elite; The academic works of the Song Dynasty became more and more close to the vernacular, which was aimed at the entire burgher class and the landlord class. ”

Zhu Guoxiang thought seriously: "Listening to you say this, the Song Dynasty has a bit of a Renaissance flavor. ”

Zhu Ming smiled and said: "The Six Classics note me, isn't it the Renaissance?" The schools of the Song Dynasty were full of flowers, and the academic bigwigs of all factions wanted to seize the right to speak in the field of thought during the period of social transition, and in the end Cheng Zhu Lixue won the victory. ”

"In the Ming Dynasty, Cheng Zhu Lixue ruled the country, marking the successful transformation of ancient Chinese society and entering the model of rural China."

"In the Song Dynasty, it was only half turned, and the situation was very embarrassing. It not only continued the social problems of the Tang Dynasty, but also developed the social problems of the Ming Dynasty, and the famous ministers and Confucians were looking for a way out. Wang Anshi is one of the radical explorers. ”

"By the way, the concept of homeland and ethics of the Chinese in later generations were constructed during the Two Song Dynasties."

Zhu Guoxiang smiled: "It's a little interesting." ”

Zhu Ming said: "We often ask like this: Are you unreasonable? Tao is reason, Taoism is science, and truth is the core of Cheng Zhu's science! The influence of Cheng Zhu Lixue on later generations has reached the point where the people use it every day without knowing it. ”

The son said so much, Zhu Guoxiang quickly summed it up in one sentence: "The Song Dynasty was a dynasty that was the successor of China, and its government structure and official ideology had not yet adapted to the drastic social changes, so it was difficult to deal with the outbreak of various contradictions. ”

Zhu Ming gave a thumbs up: "Dean Zhu, you are too smart!" ”

To do great things, we must grasp the main contradictions.

Analyzing the social structure of the Song Dynasty is the first step in grasping the main contradictions.