Dengcheng County Commander is called Pu Shang, from Yangzhou, who used the principle of levers to invent garden scissors.

Zhu Ming recommended him to Song Huizong, an old man who had been left behind in Genyue to work as a steward in a group of gardeners, and belonged to the rank of an official (not a clerk).

I was not happy with it, so I quit my job.

After the Zhu family's father and son raised troops, Pu Shang hesitated for two or three months, and it was not until Zhu Ming led the troops to fight Shuzhong that he ran to Zhu Guoxiang to ask for an official.

Pu Shang followed Zhu Ming and Wei Tai into the city, and introduced as he walked: "Dengcheng County is only in the far northwest, and there are three reclamation villages, which house about 1,200 displaced people. This year, the weather is good, and the second season of beans is being harvested. I went to the reclamation village to see that my life was not bad, and I no longer needed the government to borrow grain to satisfy my hunger. ”

Zhu Ming nodded and said, "The reclamation village in Dengcheng County, I visited everywhere before I arrived in Xiangyang, and you really didn't miss anything. ”

Receiving the generalissimo's praise, Pu Shang was very happy, and said: "Although Dengcheng belongs to Wang County, its specialty is only high-quality yellow rice. Rice, wheat and mulberry hemp are planted in the county, and mulberry hemp is planted in particular, and a kind of water-to-large spinning wheel is built in the next place, and the water power of the Han River is used to spin hemp. It can provide the generalissimo's army with a large and fast supply of linen cloth. ”

Since it is a spinning wheel, it can only spin yarn, and it has to rely on manual labor to weave linen.

Zhu Ming approvingly: "I remember that you invented garden scissors, and the mulberry scissors and tea scissors in Yangzhou were changed according to your scissors, and now they have spread in various prefectures and counties in Sichuan." If the water-powered spinning wheel is recreated, it will be able to benefit all people, and the learning of Taoism will be a small success. When the time comes, at least the official will be promoted by one level! ”

"The Generalissimo actually remembers my scissors," said Pu Shang happily, "it is just a small object, much simpler than a large spinning wheel turned from water to water." ”

Zhu Ming asked: "I remember that many scholars came to visit Daming Village at that time, and there was a person who invented the dry compass called ......."

"His name is Yang Changyan," said Pu Shang, "and he took his compass with him, and went out to sea with the ship to find immortals on the order of the faint king." Wen Zhengtong, who improved the still to make flower dew (perfume), did not return to Hanzhong to be an official, and went to Luoyang to open a flower dew workshop. ”

Shi Yuangong, who followed behind, immediately stepped forward and whispered: "Wen Zhengtong's Hualufang is the Luoyang liaison station, responsible for connecting Tokyo and Guanzhong's fine work activities. ”

Zhu Ming nodded slightly, indicating that he understood.

Shi Yuangong has now put his attitude right, he understands that he lacks ability, so he simply takes espionage seriously and no longer gets involved in other things.

Pu Shang continued: "The scholar who visited Daming Village with his companion was also named Rong Xun. He is now serving as the county magistrate of Biyang (Miyang), and has received more than 6,000 displaced people in his jurisdiction. When guiding the displaced people to reclaim the land, Rong County ordered the treadle plow to change from a straight handle to a crank, which was greatly appreciated by the minister, and ordered to build two kinds of treadle ploughs to reclaim the land in the future, and the local officials chose according to the actual situation. ”

The tread plough is a farming tool of the ethnic minorities in Guangxi, which was introduced to the Central Plains in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty for use in mountainous areas or areas where there is a shortage of cattle.

It is only a fraction of the efficiency of ploughing oxen, but it is especially suitable for ploughing in mountainous areas and clearing land with a lot of rocks.

"Is crank plowing faster?" Zhu Ming remembered that Daming Village was used to open up the wasteland, and he used a straight-handled treadmill, why didn't his father change it to a crank?

"Both have their pros and cons. The straight-handled plough is more labor-saving when piercing the soil, and it is easy to turn over the hard soil. It can not only be used to plough and open up wasteland, but also to dig kudzu, yams and other things. But when turning the soil, the bending amplitude is large, and the back hurts after plowing for a long time. The crank treadmill, on the other hand, is more difficult to prick the soil and is not easy to turn over the hard soil. However, the bending margin is smaller, the cultivator is not so tired, and if the land is cleared in large quantities for a long time, the speed is faster than that of a straight handle. ”

Zhu Ming understood that Daming Village was all mountainous and had a lot of hard soil, and the reclamation area was not very large, so Dean Zhu used a straight-handled treadmill.

On the other side of the Nanxiang Basin, the land is not so hard, and a large area of land must be cultivated, so it is more suitable to use a crank treadmill.

Of course, if there are enough ploughing oxen, there is no need for any treadling plough, and the use of ploughing oxen to clear the land is the fastest. (except in mountainous areas).

Biyang County Ling Rongxun invented the crank treadmill, which can greatly improve the speed of land reclamation, and has been promoted by Zhu Guoxiang two levels in a row. But he is still making the county order, but the grade has been improved, and he will be transferred when there are more senior official vacancies.

Wei Tai said beside him: "Dengcheng County's treadmill, Pu County's order has asked craftsmen to change to cranks. I went to see it with my own eyes, it is good for the farmers, and after working for a long time, they will not get tired of back disease. ”

Zhu Ming suddenly asked: "If you want to resume Xiangyang Mansion School early next year, I wonder if the old gentleman is willing to go to the town?" ”

"Those things that taught you?" Wei Tai did not immediately agree, but opened his mouth to ask rhetorically.

Zhu Ming said with a smile: "My knowledge, if the old gentleman recognizes it, he can naturally teach it in person." If you don't approve of it, let other pedants teach. ”

"Let the old man think about it." Wei Tai said.

After all, Wei Tai is the older generation who came and went with Wang Anshi brothers, Zeng Bu brothers, Mi Fu and others, and he went to Xiangyang Mansion to learn to be the principal, even if he didn't do anything, it was enough.

Since the Zhu family's father and son raised troops, the official school inside the site has been abolished.

If there is no imperial examination and no further education, which student is willing to stay and study? Moreover, the principal and teachers are all officials of the Great Song Dynasty, and those who can run have already escaped.

The father and son have too many things to deal with, and running a school is the least anxious.

The main thing is that I didn't think about how to handle the official school.

Wang Anshi and Cai Jing's three-way method is very similar to the modern education system. However, the financial expenses are too great, except for the money for the students, the other students are all free, and they also have to provide food.

Even if you want to do this, you can only do it on a small scale, which was the case in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

But if it is done on a small scale, it is equivalent to losing its meaning and becoming a symbol of culture and education.

The result of the discussion between the father and son was exactly the same as the final reform before Cai Jing's dismissal!

That is, the scale of government education will be reduced, and the system of going on to higher education will be retained, and government students can participate in the imperial examination. Taixue graduates can be given the Jinshi background, but the annual graduation quota must be reduced - under normal circumstances, ten to fifteen people graduate from Taixue each year, and the number must be reduced to less than ten.

At the same time, elementary schools and county schools are no longer free of charge, and the tuition fees of self-financed students are used to support government-funded students.

Cai Jing did the same in the later stages of the reform, and all students from outside the school had to pay tuition, and the proportion of students exceeded 70%. Tuition and accommodation fees are waived immediately upon admission to the inner house. As for the more advanced students, the proportion is about 5%.

This is a deformed system of higher education, for example, in elementary school, there are five grades. The first and second years need to pay tuition, accounting for 70%; The third, fourth and fifth grades do not pay tuition, accounting for 30%. Not to mention graduation, it is difficult to move up the grade, and most of them belong to repeaters.

From primary school to county school, state school, and Taixue, each time you go to school, you have to compare not only the grades, but also the connections of the student's family.

There are too many loopholes, and the father and son need to fill them.

The first is to strictly upgrade the entrance examination to reduce cheating and nepotism. Cai Jing did the same, but he couldn't do it at all, because his henchmen took the lead in breaking his rules. Taixue's favoritism and fraud even alarmed Song Huizong for a time, and he demoted five core members of the Cai Party in one go.

The second is to give those officials and students who are unable to graduate a way out through the normal imperial examination. Cai Jing did the same, and was deposed as soon as he began to reform.

Unlike Cai Jing, the Zhu family and his son will also keep the official schools in remote states and counties, but the number of students is smaller. In order to save funds, Cai Jing did a one-size-fits-all approach, ignoring remote states and counties, and directly abolished those schools.

So, what is the use of Taixue, which can only graduate a few people every year and obtain the status of Jinshi, as well as its supporting primary schools, county schools and state schools?

Of course, in order to control the direction of education, standard textbooks for various subjects are distributed.

At the same time, the emperor and state and county officials, through official schools, could control and guide the atmosphere of public opinion.

Once a new territory is occupied, teachers can be immediately dispatched to those barbarian lands for indoctrination.

The father and son also decided to create a kind of Taixue dropout, that is, students who cannot graduate from the Taixue School and above can apply for dropouts and be sent to work as teachers. While being a teacher, you can continue to take the imperial examination.

In order not to interfere with teaching, the teacher takes the examination at the place where the teacher is located, and the examination is personally supervised by the provincial governor. In addition, each province has only one teacher's quota for each imperial examination.

The imperial examination system will adopt the form of the Ming and Qing dynasties, but the treatment will be the same as that of the Song dynasty.

That is, there is no special preferential treatment for the lifter, but there is no need to repeat the test.

This will inevitably lead to more and more people taking the exam, so the father and son have revised it, and those who have not been able to pass the Jinshi examination for three consecutive years must go back to the exam. This is tantamount to forcing people to give up the imperial examination, and if they fail to pass the examination in three sessions, nine years will pass, plus the time they took the examination before, it is very likely that they are already over forty years old.

Similarly, Xiucai failed to pass the examination for three consecutive years, so he had to go back to the furnace to rebuild the examination for Xiucai.

Although there is no preferential treatment, this identity can already obtain social status.

Zhu Ming came to the county government and explained the new rules to the county magistrate and Wei Tai alone.

"In the future, a province will be set up," Zhu Ming said, "A government will take the examination to show talents, and the status of show talents can be retained for nine years." If a province takes the exam, it is a lifter, and the identity of the lifter can also be retained for nine years. ”

Wei Tai was surprised: "Isn't the talent of the New Dynasty more difficult to test than the people of the Great Song Dynasty?" ”

"Not really." Zhu Ming smiled and nodded.

The people of the Great Song Dynasty were examined by a state or a prefecture.

In the Song Dynasty, both state capitals were smaller than those of the Ming and Qing dynasties. At the same time, the number of people in the Song Dynasty was also less than that of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Therefore, the difficulty of lifting people in the two Song dynasties was higher than that of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it was far lower than that of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

"Why is it so reformed?" Wei Tai asked.

Zhu Ming said: "The Great Song Dynasty often raised tens of thousands of people into Beijing, wasting money and delaying time, which was not good for the court and scholars. After the reform, the number of lifters was greatly reduced, and at most four or five thousand people entered Beijing to take the examination at a time. ”

"That's right," Wei Tai nodded and said, "Juren can retain his status for nine years, although the quota has become less, but it also allows the scholars who have been admitted to the exam to not have to retake the exam for three consecutive years." ”

Zhu Ming also said: "If the old gentleman is willing to go to Xiangyang Mansion to teach for a year, and after he is familiar with the new examination content, he can go to Hanzhong to preside over the council hall. ”

"The Auditorium?" Wei Tai moved his mind.

Zhu Ming said: "It is the Ministry of Rites, which is responsible for organizing the examination after three years. ”

This is directly the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, no matter how much Wei Tai regards fame as dung, he is also short of breath by such a position.

The old man hurriedly calmed down his emotions, but he was still agitated, and got up and said: "Ming Gong appreciates it so much, the old man dares to disobey his fate?" ”

Zhu Guoxiang asked Zhu Ming to invite someone, but he also threw the Ministry of Rites to his son.

(The previous chapter was not clear, but it has been changed.) The grain transported to Yanjing was handled by the Yanshan prefect, and some of it would be used to relieve the people. But Pharmacist Guo directly detained the grain through tough means. ）

(End of chapter)