Last time, when it came to the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered several generals to lead troops to sweep the desert grassland, and wiped out the Mongol and Yuan courts, which made the Mongols hate!

After the Battle of Baikal, the "Golden Family" established by "Genghis Khan" rapidly declined. So, in 1389, the Ming Dynasty set up the "Duoyan Sanwei" among the Mongolian tribes in the "Uliangha" area to defend the Beijing division, but the other party was forced to survive under pressure and swayed from side to side.

The tribal members of "Duoyan Sanwei" are the descendants of "Genghis Khan's" younger brother Hu Chijin, and are divided into "Duoyan Wei", "Taining Wei" and "Fuyu Wei". At the beginning, "Tainingwei" was nomadic in the area of present-day Tao'an, Jilin, "Duoyanwei" was in the area of present-day Xing'an League, and "Fuyuwei" was nomadic in the area of present-day Qiqihar City.

Since the Xuande period, the "three guards" began to graze from the traditional nomadic land in the northeast to the Ming Dynasty and Liaobian in the south. But soon after, the "three guards" rebelled again.

However, as the remnants of the Yuan court were successively appeased and eliminated, Zhu Yuanzhang focused his attention on the construction of border defense, so he vigorously established the "guard station" and divided the "Saiwang". Later, after Zhu Di succeeded to the throne, he also continued to adopt a soft policy towards the Mongolian ministries, opened up trade, and set up "guards".

Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Di not only restored the "Duoyan Sanwei", but also set up the "Guanxi Seven Guards" in the homeland of the Han and Tang Dynasties in the Western Regions, and at the same time set up the "Difficult River Guard" in the Outer Xing'an Mountains area in the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River, which is equivalent to the "Onen River" basin in the southwest of Nerchensk ("Nebuchu") in the Russian Federation in later generations.

At that time, the main forces in the steppe were the Tatar and the Warat. Located in the eastern part of the desert, Tatar is the headquarters of Mongolia, and is called "Duqin" by the Mongols, and its leader is Arutai. Located west of the desert to the Western Regions, Warat is a Mongolian tribe known as "Durben", and its leader is Mahamu.

Normally, Varat and Tatar stand side by side, and are not considered Mongol proper, because they were not directly descended from "Genghis Khan", but were founded by steppe tribes who were subordinate to the "Golden Family" at that time. However, in order to prevent the Mongol power from continuing to grow, Ming Chengzu Zhu Di launched five more Northern Expeditions after the failure of Qiufu's Northern Expedition. The Northern Expedition of the Yongle Dynasty weakened the Kublai Khan and Arutai tribes, but the Ali Buge and Oirat divisions suffered minor losses.

During this period, the political situation in the Mongolian steppe was characterized by frequent fighting, which can be roughly divided into four stages. In the first stage, that is, from 1388 to 1408, from Timur to Guilichi, the six descendants of the "Northern Yuan Emperor", Kublai Khan, Wokotai, and Ali Buge fought each other, and they were not allowed to die well;

In the second stage, from 1408 to 1438, from Benjamin to Atai Khan, they were all puppets of powerful ministers, which made the situation of the division of the Mongolian steppe into two major powers more and more stable, and when the Tatars were in decline, the Warat tribe became stronger;

In the third stage, from 1439 to 1454, from Tokhtobu to the Great Khan to Taishi, Warat temporarily controlled the entire Mongolian steppe. At the same time, he also first usurped power and then first annexed the "Guanxi Seven Guards" of the Ming Dynasty, and controlled the "Hamiwei", and also attacked the Chagatai Queen of Beshbali.

Subsequently, the leader of Warat also sent troops to the east to eliminate the "Wuliang Ha Sanwei" (i.e., "Duoyan Sanwei"), and the power reached the Heilongjiang River Valley, which caused a huge deterrent to the Liaodong and Jurchen regions of the Ming Dynasty, and even suddenly attacked the Ming Dynasty in 1449, and the famous "Tumubao Change" occurred in history;

In the fourth stage, from 1454 to 1479, Congye was killed first and Dayan Khan ascended the throne, and the "Golden Family" was revived again, and the Hetao region was also obtained. As a result, Warat fell into civil strife, and after being defeated twice by Dayan Khan, he repeatedly attacked the "Hamiwei" and was defeated.

Eventually, the Mongolian steppe formed a relatively stable pattern, that is, the vast area west of the "Kent Mountains" belonged to the Warat territory; To the east of the "Kent Mountain", including the Hulunbuir grassland, the Krulun River, and the Hunan River, the area is the garrison of the Tatar tribes of Eastern Mongolia; At the same time, the grassland in the east of Monan and near the south of the Daxing'an Mountains is the "Wuliang Ha Sanwei"; The central and western parts of Monan are the residences of the Mongol Great Khan and his ministers. However, "Wuliangha" was soon recruited by the Ming Dynasty.

In 1479, after Batumunk ascended the throne, he became the famous "Dayan Khan", known for his ability and intelligence. Although "Dayan Khan" was the young lord who ascended the throne, he was quite capable of using soldiers and paying tribute. Regarding this point, there are a lot of records in the "Ming Shilu" about the Mongolian cavalry led by "Dayan Khan" to repeatedly go deep into the Ming Dynasty's "Xuanfu" and "Datong" areas to loot, and the number of cavalry it can use each time is as high as more than 40,000 people!

"Dayan Khan" was born in 1473 AD and died in 1517 AD, his real name is "Batu Mengke", or translated as "Bald Mengke", which is the fifteenth grandson of "Genghis Khan" Temujin, a Tatar. In 1479 (the fifteenth year of Chenghua), the Khan throne was established, and the Ming people were called "little princes" because of their young age.

"Dayan Khan", assisted by his wife (stepmother) "Mandu Haihatun", fought against Warat on several occasions and defeated Warat. In the early years of Zhengde, he successively eliminated the separatist forces led by Yisimain, Huosi, Yibra, etc., and successfully unified the tribes of Monan Mongolia, and his strength increased greatly.

At the same time, "Dayan Khan" also divided the Mongolian steppe under his control into two wings, left and right, with 30,000 households on each wing, and divided the princes as lords, thus ending the turmoil in the northern steppe region since the Ming Dynasty, and establishing a relatively stable rule, and there is a great trend of reviving "Mongolia".

On this basis, "Dayan Khan" and the Ming Dynasty frequently paid tribute to each other, and the tribute envoys were as many as 6,000 people, and the people who went to Beijing were all 500 people. The tribute road is from Datong to Juyongguan, and the tribal tribute items include horses, cattle, sheep, camels, furs, cheese and other grassland specialties in exchange for grain and iron tools in the Central Plains.

The unification of Mongolia by Dayan Khan brought a relatively stable production environment to the steppe herdsmen, and had a significant role in promoting the social development of the Mongolian steppe, so it was praised as the "master of Zhongxing" in Mongolian history by later scholars. Of course, the move of "Dayan Khan" also aroused a high degree of vigilance in the Ming Dynasty.

"Dayan Khan" initially rose in the Xilin Gol League, and after ascending the throne, he first defeated the powerful minister Yismain, and then crusaded against Isman of the Yongxie Department, pacified the Chahar region, and under the protection of Mandu Hai Chechen "Fujin" (stepmother) twice crusaded against Warat, subdued the Tumut tribe, and obtained the Ulanqab region.

After subduing the 30,000 right-wing Mongol households and giving them to his third son, Balsborot, "Dayan Khan" personally conquered the 10,000 households of Tangnu Ulianghai and distributed his subordinates to other ministries, basically eliminating the internal dissident forces, so he was known as the "master of the Mongolian Zhongxing", and actually owned the left wing 30,000 households (Chahar Wanhu, Khalkha Wanhu, Ulianghawanhu) and the right-wing 30,000 households (Ordos Wanhu, Menggoljin Wanhu, Yongshebu Wanhu) army.

Later, the "Dayan Khan" divided the land except for the Wuliang Hawan Outdoor Princes, and set up Jinong (Deputy Khan) in right-wing Mongolia to manage, and his third son Balsborot led 30,000 households on the right wing as Jinong (Deputy Khan), stationed in the Ordos grassland, overlooking the Hetao grassland with abundant water and grass.

"Dayan Khan" and his eldest son Tuluborot were directly in charge of the 30,000 households on the left wing, and the "Great Khan's Court" was also located in Chahar Wanhu, which opened a new round of "separation" on the northern steppe, laid a new "political pattern" on the Mongolian steppe, and made the Mongolian steppe roughly stable.

After the "Dayan Khan" unified the Mongolian steppe, it was probably divided into the "eastern" Gangliu, Hanha, Erchu and other departments; the "Western" Yongshebu, Ordos, and Menggoljin Divisions; the "Southern" Hara and Halian Divisions; The "Northern" Urat Division, Maomingan, Sizi, Sunit, Abaga and Abahanar Divisions. In addition, there are "Warat Division" and "Turpan Division" in the Western Regions, and the Khan's headquarters is also called "Chahar", which comes from the lineage of Tulu Borot, the eldest son of Dayan Khan.

The "Chahar Department" was stationed in the area of Darbo, that is, the "Yingchang Mansion" of the Yuan Dynasty. The descendants of the "Dayan Khan" such as the sixth, seventh, and eighth sons were sealed in the Chahar tribe, and they were divided into the Kashiketeng, Haozit, Uzhumuqin, Sunit, Aohan, Naiman and other tribes. Later, its right-wing forces grew stronger and annexed the neighboring regions of Tumut, Asuth, and Yongsheb, forcing the Great Khan tribes on its left to migrate eastward to escape the war.

For the Korqin tribe of the descendants of Hesar, the "Dayan Khan" also divided it into two wings, the left flank included the seven "Etoks" of Xinming'an, Taben, Maomingan, Wutzet, Tatalqin, Butaqin, Altaqin and Golros. The right flank consisted of six "otoks" of the Creets, the Karoh Khersg, the Lords, the Tuybetars, the Ikminans, and the Saachiti, in order to further control the situation of the tribes.

For the "Duoyan Sanwei", the "Dayan Khan" incorporated them into his rule through marriages, alliances, and mutual visits. After that, the "Great Khan of the Mongols" not only firmly ruled Eastern Mongolia, but also controlled the Oirat Department (Wala) and the Mongol tribes on both sides of the Great Khingan Mountains, and the strength was so strong that the Ming Dynasty worried.

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