In the last time, it was mentioned that "Timur" led a large army to the east to conquer the Ming Dynasty without success, but he did not know that the descendants fought with each other, and when the "Timurid Empire" declined, a strong enemy rose.

On October 25, 1449, Ulugh Beg, the "scholar-king" of the "Timurid Empire", was killed by his eldest son Difu on his way to Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula on his "pilgrimage", ending his "dramatic" life. Although Ulugh Beg's forbearance and kindness produced many loyal servants for himself, these people were not capable of helping the Lord to settle the kingdom, but they were capable of vengeance because they were dissatisfied with Diph's treachery and murder of his father.

The reason why Di Fu insisted on killing his father may be because his father Ulugh Beg was too unfair to him, but this kind of "father-killing" behavior is destructive after all, and it will be shamed by people in ancient and modern China and abroad! According to historical records, when Di Fu saw the head of Ulugh Beg, he was hysterical on the spot and lost control of his spirit and behavior. As a result, after the news reached the court, people from all walks of life who hated him secretly planned to retaliate against him.

On the afternoon of May 9, 1450, while playing in the garden south of Samarkand, Difu was suddenly killed by an arrow. As a result, after Difu's death, the "Timurid Empire" fell into chaos again, but just in time for the Uzbeks in the north to plunder southward, so war broke out.

"Uzbek" (Uzbek) is named after Oz Beg, the younger brother of Batu, the founder of the famous "Golden Horde". In 1243, Genghis Khan's grandson Batu established the "Kipchak Khanate" in Sarai in the lower reaches of the Volga River after his expedition to Russia and the Slavic states.

In fact, the "Golden Horde" is the "Kipchak Khanate", during the period of 1236 ~ 1240, the second son of Genghis Khan's eldest son Jochi, Batu led the Mongol army to conquer the Kipchak steppe of the Crimea (Crimea), the Caucasus, the Bolgar Khanate, and the Slavic principalities, and annexed the Volga and Oka rivers regions and the large and small "Rus principalities" in the Tequip River basin, and established the famous "Kipchak Khanate" in 1242.

Batu founded the capital city of Sarai (near Astrakhan, Russia) at the entrance to the Volga River, and used the Volga region as its political center. The "Golden Horde" stretches from the western part of the Irtysh River in the east, to the Dnieper River in the west, to Lake Balkhash, the Caspian Sea, and the Black Sea in the south, including the North Caucasus, the northern part of Khorizm and the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River, and to the north near the Arctic Circle.

However, after the Mongols conquered the principalities of "Kievan Rus", they did not rush to include these principalities directly within the territory of the Golden Horde, but existed as "vassal states", allowing them to retain a certain degree of autonomy and collect taxes exclusively for themselves, while they themselves sat back and enjoyed their success, eating and waiting for death, and gradually declined.

In the 15th century, the "Kipchak Khanate" split into independent states such as the Siberian Khanate, the Kazan Khanate, the Crimean Khanate, and the Astrakhan Khanate. At this time, the central government of the "Kipchak Khanate" had only a limited territory, and it was called the "Great Horde" by the people at that time.

And the orthodox throne of the "Kipchak Khanate" was inherited by the "Great Horde". However, in 1480, Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow, led his army to defeat the "Great Horde" created after the division of the "Kipchak Khanate" and made Russia independent from the "Great Horde", finally ending the 238-year rule of the "Mongols" over the Slavs. In 1502, the last Great Khan, Saikh Ali, was defeated by the Crimean Khanate, which destroyed the "Kipchak Khanate".

Although the "Kipchak Khanate" or "Golden Horde" bordered the "Ottoman Turkish Empire" in West Asia and the "Timurid Empire" in Central Asia in the south, the "Uzbek Khanate" formed after the split of the "Golden Horde" mainly launched a war of aggression against the "Timurid Empire," which was declining in national strength.

From 1382 to 1405, during the reign of Tokhtamysh Khan of the Golden Horde, the Shaybani of the Blue Horde migrated south and gradually approached the agricultural belt of the "Transoxiana". In 1428, after the 17-year-old "prince" Abu Hair of the "Shaybani" family was proclaimed as the "Khan", he announced the establishment of the "Uzbek Khanate", which bordered the Moxi Mongol Oirat in the northeast and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate in Xinjiang in the east.

In 1429, Abu Khair's Uzbeks began encroaching on the territories of the surrounding countries, and the first target was the fragmented "Golden Horde". Before attacking the Golden Horde, Abu Khair's orders that all blacksmiths and iron-making furnaces be used to craft armor and weapons, and that all men between the ages of 16 and 40 in the territory should be incorporated into the army to prepare for a bright future for the Shaybani dynasty.

The Uzbek blacksmiths also used the more advanced "alternating current blast method" in Central Asia at that time to make steel, and made the steel produced more tough, which could make high-quality weapons. As a result, the armor and weapons equipped by the Uzbek army have the characteristics of strong toughness and high sharpness. So, in September 1429, Abu Hail led a well-equipped army of 30,000 to attack the "Golden Horde", making the army invincible.

Many of the Mongol nobles of the "Golden Horde" were either killed or wounded when they led their armies into battle with the Uzbek cavalry regiment of Abu Khair. But there were also a few nobles who were unwilling to give in and formed a village in the hills to protect themselves. In order to intimidate the enemy, Abu Hair sent an elite army to storm the camp in order to completely conquer the opponent.

Through a series of campaigns, the "Uzbek Khanate" annexed the territories of the "Golden Horde" of the Red Shu family (the "Golden Family") east of the Ural River to the north of the Syr Darya River, and between 1430 and 1431, Abu Khair's army captured the "Khorezm" region, and its strength increased greatly.

In 1450, Abu Khair's Uzbek army began to attack the "Timurid Empire" in the south, and successively seized many cities along the Syr Darya River. When the Uzbeks in the north were pressing in, after the "Timurid Empire" was killed by the "patricide" Difu, the ruling group elected Abdullah, a weak and benevolent nephew of Ulugh Beg, to succeed him. Abdul inherited the open-mindedness and academic tolerance of the Ulugh Beg, but he was in trouble.

Because this move brought him a "challenger" who took refuge in Uzbekistan - Busain. Busain was the grandson of Timur's third son, Miranshah, and the religious leaders of the "Timurid Empire" did not hide from the enlightened and tolerant Abdul, so they sent an invitation to him to return to China.

This made the "Great Khan of Uzbekistan" Abu Khair, who was on the northern border, see an opportunity and decided to set up Prince Busain of the "Timurid Empire", who had taken refuge in Uzbekistan, and prepared to go south. In 1451, Abu Khair, with an army of 80,000, marched south under the banner of supporting Libsain.

In this battle, Abu Khair, as he had dealt with the "Golden Horde", mobilized all the troops in the country that could fight, and only sought to decide the "Timurid Empire" in a war. While Abuher's Uzbek army marched south, Abdul, the ruler of the "Timurid Empire," hoped for reconciliation.

Because he did not organize a decent army to resist, it was not until the Uzbek army approached the city that the ministers who supported Abdul said that he organized an army of more than 60,000 people out of the city for a decisive battle. Despite the fact that the army of the "Timurid Empire" was inferior in numbers and equipment, its determination to defend the honor of the empire was very strong. So, in October 1451, 60,000 Timurid troops and 80,000 Uzbek troops fought a decisive battle in Samarkand.

After the battle, Timur's army was defeated, Abdul was killed in the rebellion, and Busain became the new ruler of the "Timurid Empire", but the Uzbek army plundered the city of Samarkand. After the "Battle of Samarkand", Abu Hair was complacent, thinking that even the "Timurid Empire", which was once the "hegemon of Central Asia", was subjugated to his feet, so the feeling of "commanding the Quartet" spontaneously arose, but he did not know that there was a strong enemy in the east.

Just as Abu Khair, intoxicated with the dream of "grand hegemony" like the establishment of the "Timurid Empire", suddenly a thunderclap sounded on the ground, because the Oirat Mongols (Mongol Warat) from the east had arrived. In the east, Vala not only unified the Mongolian steppe, but also created the "Tumubao Change".

The Mongolian Oirath Division, also known as "Wala" in the Ming Dynasty, belonged to the "predecessors" of the tribes of the "Moxi Mongolia" at that time. Later, after the decline of Warat, it was divided into the Heshute Division, the Dzungar Division, the Turghut Division, and the Dulbert Division. Among them, the "Heshuo Special Department" is respected as the "alliance leader" because of its strongest strength.

In the 14th century, with the natural disasters and man-made disasters in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, the people were not able to make a living, resulting in peasant uprisings in various places, and a peasant army led by Zhu Yuanzhang rose rapidly to establish the "Ming Dynasty" in Nanjing, Jiangsu, and then sent troops to the north and broke through the Yuan capital in one fell swoop, forcing the Yuan Shun Emperor and other Mongolian nobles to flee north.

For a long time to come, the nascent "Ming Dynasty" repeatedly sent troops deep into the desert steppe to fight against the remnants of the Mongolian "Northern Yuan" forces, and finally completely wiped out the "remnant Yuan" forces, resulting in the decline of the other forces of Genghis Khan's "Golden Family" that retreated to the Mongolian steppes with the defeat.

The most obvious embodiment is that the next "Ming Chengzu" Zhu Di conquered Mobei five times in a row, and he simply destroyed and crippled the Tatar Department of the "Yuan Dynasty Orthodoxy" that was not weak, but he never wanted to let Walla of Moxi Mongolia take advantage. However, before that, the Warat Department was also attacked by Zhu Di's troops, and its strength was seriously weakened, but it was not directly disabled like the Tatar Department. As a result, Walla rose rapidly and unified Mongolia after the death of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di.

In 1439, he also succeeded as the leader of Warat, and called himself "Taishi", so he led his troops to the east to conquer the Tatar tribes that had been crippled by the Ming Dynasty. After successfully unifying the Mongolian steppe, he also continued to conquer the territory of the Ming Dynasty in the northeast, on the one hand, he wanted to eliminate the Ming Dynasty's "Duoyan Sanwei", and on the other hand, he wanted to plunder the population and livestock of the Jurchen tribes in the northeast to strengthen his own strength. At this time, the territory controlled by the first was unprecedentedly vast, comparable to that of the Turks in the Tang Dynasty.

In 1448, it also controlled the Jurchen in the east, Hami in the west, the upper reaches of the Yenisei River in the north, and the vast area along the "Ming Great Wall" in the south. After that, he first set his sights on the Ming Dynasty in the south, preparing to attack the Ming Dynasty on a large scale, because he always wanted to restore the Yuan Dynasty to dominate the world.

In 1449, the army of the first country invaded the border of the Ming Dynasty, which caused a great shock in the Ming Dynasty. After hearing the news, Zhu Qizhen, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and more than 200,000 people from the "three major battalions" of the Beijing Division and other elite troops, known as the "500,000 army", followed the example of Emperor Chengzu to conquer Mobei.

At that time, the military system of the Ming Dynasty was gradually declining due to corruption and land annexation, and the "Ming Yingzong" had to use "eunuchs" (eunuchs) in order to counter the "bureaucracy" of the civilian bureaucracy.

In order to show the authority of the "emperor's imperial expedition", the Ming Dynasty emperor "Ming Yingzong" did not listen to the advice of his officials, and the Ming army's reconnaissance system failed, which caused the army to change its marching route many times, resulting in fatigue and complaints. This was a mortal danger for ancient marching and warfare.

Commander Vala also mobilized 150,000 troops for the military operations of the Ming Dynasty, and all of them were cavalry, and the troops were divided into four routes, and finally besieged the Ming Dynasty army in the "Tumu Fort" without water sources. This made the hundreds of thousands of troops of the Ming Dynasty hungry and thirsty, and in a difficult situation. He first falsely claimed that he could withdraw his troops through peace talks, and agreed to let the Ming army go to the river near Tumubao to get water. The Ming Dynasty army was still short of water, so it triggered a tidal wave of troops to drink water by the river.

At this time, the horn of the Walla army sounded, and suddenly launched a general attack on the Ming army in the disarray. In the first battle of "Tumubao", hundreds of thousands of horses and horses of the Ming army were annihilated, and more than 70 people were killed in the battle of Wenchen and military generals with the army, and even the emperor "Ming Yingzong" Zhu Qizhen was also a prisoner of the Walla people, which caught the Ming Dynasty off guard.

This battle opened the northern gateway of the Ming Dynasty. At this time, Yexian's prestige was in full swing, and then he organized various departments to attack Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, but because of Yu Qian's "hard bones" in charge of military affairs and frontal resistance, and at the same time ordered the kings of Qin in various places, resulting in the Wara army finally returning home.

After returning from Beijing, he also stepped up preparations for being called "Khan". In 1453, the Byzantine Empire of Eastern Rome and Byzantium was captured by the Ottoman Turks, and the "Roman Empire", which had existed for more than a thousand years, officially came to an end. In the same year, he also defeated Tokhtar Buhua first and called himself the "Great Khan of the Heavenly Sage".

In order to expand his power, he also sent his second son Ashi Timur to lead an army to conquer the "Uzbek Khanate" in the west. However, just as he was ready to re-establish the hegemony of "Genghis Khan", he was assassinated by his political opponents without the blood of the "Golden Family", marking the decline of Walla, which had flourished for a time.

After his death, the Walla tribe was divided into two, the Dulbert tribe of the eldest son, Bolonahal, and the Dzungar tribe of the second son, Asha Timur. After receiving the news of the death of Yexian, Timur prepared to invade the "Uzbek Khanate" of Abu Hair as planned, and the army of this expedition brought together the elite troops in the "Battle of Tumubao", with a total of more than 50,000 cavalry troops, pouring towards Uzbekistan like a torrent.

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