Last time, I talked about the Ming Dynasty in this time and space to send troops to recruit Japanese, but it had to send spies to find out the domestic situation in Japan, including its history.

"倭" is pronounced "やまと" (Yamato) in Japanese, just like "Yamato", and is another name for "Japan" as well as "Yamato". In ancient times, when the "Yuan Ming Emperor" of the "Wa King" ruled the world, it was stipulated that the word "and" should be used instead of the word "Wa", and the word "Da" was attached to the beginning, and it was called "Yamato" at the beginning, thinking that the Wa people called themselves.

Therefore, "Wakoku" is also "Japan". The people of his country were first called "倭" (やまと) people, and later called Japanese, Wajin, and Yamato people.

The Eastern Han Dynasty's "Shuowen Jie Zi" [Volume 8] [Renbu] explains the character "倭" as: "Shunhui." From the voice of the people. "Poem" said: "Zhou Dao is a widow." ”

In Japanese, "倭" is pronounced as "yamato" as well as "Yamato", and like "Yamato", it means "Japanese nation". Later, however, many of the common people of ancient China referred to some of the wandering pirates as "Wako". At this time, the word "倭" has a certain derogatory meaning because it is used in conjunction with the word "寇".

Qi Jiguang and Yu Dayou are both famous anti-Japanese generals and national heroes in the late Ming Dynasty, and the "Qi Army" and "Yu Family Army" led by them respectively made the Japanese frightened, but Qi Jiguang's fame is much greater than Yu Dayou, because the "Qi Army" has "rattan soldiers" in the "Mandarin Duck Array", and the "rattan cards" held are not only lightweight, labor-saving and flexible, but also hard enough to resist fire shots and swords and stabs head-on, and even in the north and the nomadic cavalry can be ridden on foot.

In 1784, on Shika Island at the mouth of Hakata Bay in Kyushu, Japan, a "red gold square seal" was discovered. This "gold seal" is 2.8 centimeters square, 0.8 centimeters thick, and is engraved with the words "King of Hanweinu". At the beginning, no one knew the origin of this "golden seal", but later after expert research, it was learned that this is a "Chinese Han seal" with great historical research value. This marks that the exchanges between China and Japan have been recorded in the annals of history as early as the Han Dynasty, and the history has a long history.

According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, in the second year of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (57 AD), the envoys of the Wa Kingdom came to the Han Dynasty to pay homage, and Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu gave the envoys of the Wa Kingdom the "Golden Seal Purple Award" - "the Golden Seal of the King of the Han Dynasty". The Japanese king regarded this "golden seal" as a symbol of power, and cherished it very much, believing that it would be passed on to future generations.

Later, civil strife broke out in the Japanese archipelago, and the king, fearing that the "Golden Seal" would be lost, buried it in the ground. Later, the king died, and his kingdom ceased to exist, and this "golden seal" given by the emperor of the Han Dynasty was buried deep in the ground for 1727 years before it was able to reappear.

In the spring of 1784, a farmer named Jinbei (tenant farmer) on Shiga Island was digging a canal in his field when he came across a large rock. After he removed the stones, he found a pile of pebbles, and found this "golden seal" while cleaning the pebbles. Later, the "Golden Seal" was bought by the feudal lord Kuroda Sailong for 50 taels of silver. Of course, Kuroda did not know his origins, and it was not until later, after the research of archaeological experts, that he learned that he came from China.

As Japan's "national treasure", the "Golden Seal of the King of Han and Slave" is very exquisitely made, the serpentine button, the scaly caviar pattern, the Yin text seal, the strokes are full, there is a circle in the square, the chapter is flat but not the board, the virtual and the real are intertwined, the printing surface is simple and thick, and it is the top product of the "Han Seal". Later, the authoritative department identified that the gold content of this "gold seal" was as high as 95.1%, indicating that the metallurgical technology at that time had reached a very high level.

In addition, in Naha, Jeju, and Honju, the "Ming Sword Coins" used by the Yan Kingdom, a vassal state of China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, have been restored. Unique ancient Chinese vessels have been found in the tomb of the Gongsun family in Liaoyang City, Tohee County, Tottori County, and Ishikawa County, indicating that the history of Sino-Japanese exchanges can be traced back to the pre-Qin period.

There is a record in the Book of Han: "Xuan silkworm, Lelang, Emperor Wu Shizhi, all Korean, raccoon dog, Juli barbarian." Yin Dao declined, and the Jizi went to North Korea to teach its people to be polite and righteous, and to weave silkworms.

The Korean people of Lelang violated the eight prohibitions: 'Kill each other to pay for killing at the time; Mutual injuries are compensated with valleys; The man who robs is not a slave of his house, and the woman is a maid, and the person who wants to redeem himself is 500,000 people. To avoid being for the people, to be ashamed of the vulgar, and to marry nothing, is that the people will not steal from each other, there will be no door closed, and the women will be chaste and faithful. ’

The diet of the people in the fields is based on beans, and the people of Junyi and Neijun often eat in cups. In Liaodong, the officials saw that the people were not closed, and the Jia people went to them, and the night was a thief, and the customs were a little thinner. Different from the three parties, so Confucius mourns that it is not good, set up to float in the sea, and want to live in Jiuyi, there is a husband! There are Japanese people in the sea of Lelang, divided into more than 100 countries, and they come to see the clouds when they are young. ”

The description of the "Wa Kingdom" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is: "The Wa is in the southeast sea of Korea, living on mountain islands, and there are more than 100 countries. Since Emperor Wu destroyed Korea, he made the post pass to the Han Dynasty for 30 years, and the country is called the king, and the world is traditional. Its great king resides in the country of Yamatai. Lelang County, go to its country for 12,000 miles, and go to its northwest border to detain South Korea for more than 7,000 miles. Its land is relatively large in the east of Huiji Dongye, and Zhuya (Haikou City, Hainan Province), Dan'er (Nantanpu Jiuzhou Slope, Sandu Town, Danzhou City, Hainan) is similar, so its laws and customs are mostly the same. The soil should be rice, linen, silkworm, and the weaving performance is the cloth. Out of white beads, green jade.

Its mountains have Dantu. The air is warm, and the lettuce is cooked in winter and summer. There are no cows, horses, tigers, leopards, sheep, or magpies. Its soldiers had spears, shields, wooden bows, bamboo arrows, or bones as arrowheads. Men are all tattooed, and the difference between dignity and inferiority is the size of the text. Its men's clothes are all banners, and the ends are connected. The woman is bent and clothed like a single quilt, and she wears it all over her head; And with Dan Zhu Kuo body, such as China's powder. There is a castle gate house. Parents and brothers are different, but they are the same as men and women.

Eat and drink by hand, and with beans. The vulgar are all in vain, and they are respectful to squatting. Human nature is an alcoholic. There are many people who live more than 100 years old. There are many women in the country, and the adults have four or five wives, and the rest are two or three. Women are neither lustful nor jealous. It is also vulgar and does not steal, and rarely fights. Those who break the law do not have their wives, and those who violate the law destroy their families. His death and mourning for more than ten days, his family wept, did not eat alcohol and food, and sang and danced for fun. Burn the bones to divination, and use it to determine the good and the bad.

Traveling to the sea, so that a person does not bathe, does not eat meat, and does not approach women, the name is "holding decline". If he is in Tujili, he hires money; If they are sick and sick, they think that they are not prudent, so they will kill them together.

In the second year of Jianwu (57 AD), the Wa Kingdom paid tribute to congratulate him, making people call themselves doctors, and the extreme southern boundary of the Wa Kingdom was also. Guangwu gave a seal. In the first year of Emperor Yongchu (58 AD), the marshal of the Japanese king was promoted to the rank of 160 people, and he was willing to see him.

Huan, Lingjian (Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty), the Wa Kingdom was in turmoil, and they attacked each other, and there was no owner over the years. There was a woman who was called humble, who was old and did not marry, and who was able to bewitch the people with demons, so she became kings together. There are thousands of maids and maids, and there are few people who see them, and only one man gives food and drink, and spreads words. The residence in the palace room, the building and the city gate, are guarded by soldiers. The law and customs are severe. ”

In the third year of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty (607 AD), his king Doris sent tribute to the north. The messenger said: "I heard that the Son of Heaven of Haixi Bodhisattva revived Buddhism, so he sent pilgrims and dozens of people from Shamen to learn Buddhism. The book of his country said: "The Son of Heaven is nowhere to be from the sunrise to the day of the book, and the Son of Heaven is unharmed."

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was displeased, and said Hongluqing said: "If there are rude people in the barbarian book, don't hear about it." "In the next year, he sent Wen Linlang Pei Qing as an envoy to the Wa Kingdom. Degree Baekje, go to Bamboo Island, look south to the "Shenran" Luo country, pass through the country of Dusma, it is in the sea. It is also east to a country, and then to the country of Zhusi, and east to the kingdom of Qin, whose people are the same as Huaxia, thinking that Yizhou, is doubtful. It passed through more than ten countries and reached the coast. From the east of the Zhusi country, they are all vassals of the Wa.

The king of the Japanese sent Xiaode Adaitai, from hundreds of people, set up a guard of honor, and beat drums and horns to greet him. Ten days later, he sent a great gift, Godobi, from more than 200 horses to the suburbs. When he arrived in the capital, his king met with the Qing Dynasty, and said: "I heard that there is a Great Sui in Haixi, a country of etiquette and righteousness, so I sent tribute." I am isolated in the corner of the sea, and I don't listen to etiquette and righteousness, so I stay in the territory and don't see each other immediately. Today, the Qing Dao decoration hall is waiting for the ambassador, hoping to hear the new transformation of the great country. ”

Qing replied: "The emperor is virtuous and Eryi, Ze flows all over the world, and Wang Muhua is used, so he sends pedestrians here to proclaim." "It has led to the museum. Later, the Qing sent people to say that his king said: "Once the order of the dynasty has been reached, please quit immediately." So he set up a banquet to send the Qing and ordered the envoy to come with the Qing to pay tribute. Since then, it has been rejected.

In the Tang Dynasty, the Obifang Prefecture Assassin took the initiative to contact the Japanese State many times, and improved the relationship between the two countries, providing an opportunity for China and Japan to restore diplomatic relations and promote cultural exchanges. However, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang army and the Japanese army defeated the Japanese army in the battle of the Korean "Baekgang Estuary", which led to tensions.

From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the relationship between the imperial court and the Wa State was generally one of canonization and canonization. According to the "Book of Song", "after the death of Wawang Zan, the four successors of Zhen, Ji, Xing, and Wu all sent envoys to pay tribute, and asked the Central Plains Imperial Court (Song Dynasty) to grant the Wa State its own title."

However, at the beginning of the 7th century, the level of development of the productive forces of the Wa Kingdom was greatly improved compared with before, and the growth of its national strength also changed the attitude of the Wa State towards Haixi China at that time. This change was reflected in the exchanges between the Sui and Japanese countries at that time.

In the "Book of Sui and the Biography of Dongyi", there is a national letter of the Wa Kingdom: "The Son of Heaven at sunrise writes to the book on the sun, and the Son of Heaven is unharmed on the day." In the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, there was a naval battle between the Wa State and the Tang Dynasty in the waters of the "Baijiang Estuary", but it ended in a disastrous defeat for the Wa Navy (Navy).

The main reason why the Wa State decided to revise the name of the country used by the outside world was because they felt that their name was indecent, and the root cause was a lack of self-confidence. Because in ancient China, the Central Plains Dynasty had the concept of "Xia people living in the middle, Dongyi, Xirong, Nanban, and Beidi" for the surrounding ethnic minorities, while the Japanese people believed that their country was "recently out" in terms of geographical location. Therefore, the Wa Kingdom strongly demanded that foreign teachers change the name of the country to "the land of the rising sun", that is, Japan.

From the decision to revise the name of the country used abroad, to the announcement of the change of the name to the Tang Dynasty, and then to the final recognition of the Tang Dynasty, this was not achieved overnight, but after a long historical development process, because in the "Battle of Baijiangkou", after the Japanese State suffered a crushing defeat, it began to reflect on itself.

At the latest, in the 8th year of Tenji (669 AD), the Wa Kingdom had already decided to change the name of the country to "Japan". As for the reason for the name change, in the long run, it may be related to the desire of the Japanese state to strive for reciprocal diplomacy since the Sui and Tang dynasties; In the near future, it is not excluded that the negative impact of the disastrous defeat in the "Battle of Baijiangkou" in the international structure of East Asia can be eliminated by changing the name of the country to the outside world.

Therefore, after the "Goguryeo" regime on the Korean Peninsula was destroyed by the Tang army in 668 AD, Japan sent an envoy to the Tang Dynasty in 669 AD. When the "envoys to the Tang Dynasty" met with the Tang Dynasty officials this time, it is very likely that they had already proposed to the Tang Dynasty that they would change the name of the "Wa Kingdom" to "Japan" to the outside world. This incident is recorded in the "Collection of Ancient and Modern Books": "In the first year of Xianheng (670 AD), the Japanese people began to change their name to Japan and sent an envoy to Heping Goryeo. ”

However, the proposal of the envoys may not have been initially recognized by the Tang Dynasty, as exemplified in the Treasure of the Good Neighbors. The letter that Guo Wuyi carried when he went out to envoy to the Wa Kingdom included "The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty asked the Wa King Yunyun". (Regarding the "Record of Good Neighbors and National Treasures", "Emperor Tianzhi came to hire Guo Wuyi in the tenth year of the Tang Dynasty, and the book said: 'The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty respectfully asks the Emperor Yunyun of Japan'.) ”

Later generations of Japanese scholars believe that it was Japan that deliberately tampered with the title of "Wawang" in the Tang Dynasty national book in 671 AD. The author agrees with this point of view, and the letter of the Tang Dynasty carried by Guo Wuyi when he went out to the Wa Kingdom is likely to be the "Book of the Tang Emperor Asking the Wa Wang".

It is called "Wa Wang" here, which shows that the Tang Dynasty did not quickly recognize the "Wa Kingdom" and should be a new country name. As for the reason why the Tang Dynasty did not quickly recognize the incident of the "Wa State Change", it is likely to be related to the bad impression formed by the Tang Dynasty on the Wa State after the "Battle of Baijiangkou" not long ago. 、

Soon after Guo Wuyi returned to China, the "Renshen Rebellion" broke out in the Wa Kingdom. After coming to power, Emperor Tenmu broke off diplomatic relations with the Tang. It was only in the first year of Emperor Bunmu (701 AD) that Japan decided to restore diplomatic relations with the Tang Dynasty and sent a delegation headed by the Awata courtier Majin to the Tang Dynasty.

It may have been from this exchange that the Tang Dynasty of China officially recognized the "legitimacy" of the new name "Japan". Because Tang Gaozong suffered from migraine at that time, it was changed to Empress Wu Zetian's government, so there was a record in the Tang Dynasty Zhang Shoujie's "Historical Records of Justice" that "the Empress Wu changed the 'Wa Kingdom' to the 'Japanese State'".

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