In the small Shangfang Bureau, the craftsmen perform their duties and complete every step of papermaking.

The first step was to take the raw materials, and the palace people took Shen Sanwen to the bamboo forest in person.

The bamboo is cut down and broken into a section that can accommodate the pool, split into six petals, and sunk into the pool of lime water to soak it thoroughly, which is also the most time-consuming part of the whole process, and can only be taken out after three months.

The bamboo wood taken out initially removed the dregs with melanin in the bamboo and wood, as well as most of the parts of the wood that cannot be used to make paper.

At this time, the bamboo is initially softened, the epidermis is separated, and the green skin and some bamboo blocks that cannot be softened during soaking need to be manually removed.

The new, softer bamboo is steamed in a closed pot with lime water for eight days and eight nights until the bamboo is soft and like the fiber of a garment.

The obtained material is soaked and washed in clean water again, and only in this step can the melanin in the bamboo be removed, and the hard bamboo is initially turned into a papermaking material.

The second step is pulping. The bamboo fibers are divided into thin noodles by hand, and then put into the mashing groove and mashed, and the noodles-like bamboo fibers become a batter-like pulp.

In the process of pounding, bamboo fiber noodles need to be manually turned and rotated to make each bamboo fiber evenly stressed, so as to produce qualified pulp.

The principle of lever is also used here, although the people of Da Zhou do not understand what is the principle of leverage, but it does not affect the hammer machine they make pedals, the hammer pedal side is far away from the fulcrum, the pulp hammer is close to the fulcrum, and a small step can make the hammer vigorously mash the bamboo fiber.

At this time, the pulp produced is similar to the silk flocculent pulp formed in the water in later generations, and it is a qualified pulp.

The third step is to make pulp and paper.

At this time, after blackening, softening, and beating, all that is obtained is a layer of pale yellow paper cake, which needs to be made into a white pulp, and it needs to be cleaned, and then bleach or staining agent is added.

Put the paper cake into the bamboo basket and wash the dust and dregs that fell during the beating in clean water.

At this time, the whitening agent used is also lime water, the higher the concentration of lime water, the whiter the pulp made, the pulp circulates in a simple circular ramp filled with lime water, and after 15 minutes of impregnation, when it is put into the paper pool, it is pure white pulp.

However, when the pulp is put into clean water, it does not condense together, nor can it float evenly in the upper layer, at this time, the ancient oriental civilization also gave an excellent solution.

Add a trace amount of mung bean, cassava, and wheat powder to make a large amount of qualified pulp, Shen Sanwen understands, this is the effect of starch paste. It increases viscosity and allows the pulp to float on the surface of the pool.

Under Shen Sanwen's annotation, the workers added starch agent and began to stir, visible to the naked eye, the pulp had all floated by the end, slightly viscous, like lotus root powder.

Pushing the bamboo paper machine, there is a thin layer of small bamboo mat on the bamboo board, also called the mat, after immersing in the water, the worker constantly shakes the bamboo board in his hand, so that the pulp on the bamboo mat is evenly pasted with a thin small layer.

Leave the bamboo board from the water, take out the bamboo mat, flip it over and easily put the wet paper into the designated place.

After the process of squeezing and dehydrating, separating and then layering together to dry, then peeling off and separating, the wet paper becomes the last piece of paper to see, as thin as cicada wings and as white as snowflakes.

It's an amazing process.

When he saw it in a book before, Shen Sanwen knew a little about it, but now he knows the mystery.

First of all, materials that can be made into fibers can be made into paper, such as the bark of a mulberry tree that can be peeled off completely, and bamboo can even be a fiber that can be used to make clothes. Although paper is different from silk and cotton, the process of making paper is obviously borrowed from the process of making clothing.

Secondly, after a series of processing, the flexible bamboo turned into a thin pulp, fixed again, this series of changes in the middle, can be called a miraculous workmanship, in the era when there is no chemistry and do not understand the elements, people can actually make such a divine object, it is really breathtaking.

Finally, now there is a finished product, which takes 100 days of hard work, and countless people dedicate themselves wholeheartedly. Generations have been improving step by step, and these craftsmen are also worthy of admiration. Without them, there would be no paper, no Chinese long history, no cultural inheritance from generation to generation, and no progress in civilization.

Paper, for human life, for the role of scientific and technological progress, is everyone can understand, especially, now urgent need of paper Shen Sanwen, feel the trouble of this kind of productivity restricting development.

After watching the whole process, he really didn't come up with a way to improve it, except for understanding his previous doubts.

After all, he majored in law with a capital letter, not chemistry, and the interlacing was like a mountain.

Shen Sanwen went home with a heavy heart.

In the first step, lime water is used for bamboo softening.

Although the second step of pulping is also time-consuming, it does not require three months of soaking, and a few days of time is very acceptable, after all, the artificially made boutique requires a huge amount of manpower to maintain, as long as it is not a large amount of time required by nature, this step does not require too much intervention and improvement.

The third step is to add viscosity and paper, and now the carpenter's process can reach the point of automatic paper-fishing, but correspondingly, the accuracy and quality are probably not as high as today's handmade paper products.

The first step, it took nine-tenths of the time, and it is also the most important reason for the low efficiency of papermaking today, Shen San asked, three months is the shortest time to remove bamboo dregs and make white paper, otherwise the decole and black spots in the paper will ruin the mentality of paper users.

How to improve lime blister bamboo, shortening the time is the key to improving efficiency.

The space is limited, and the bamboo can only be soaked four times a year, and the paper made from the summer mango solar term is the best.

Shen Sanwen listed these points on paper.

At the same time, add a sentence at the end, rice cereal and other starch viscous agents can be replaced by sticky plant juice, and food is used to make paper, which is not suitable for very large-scale expansion of production. This one doesn't matter, just a small improvement.

Shen Sanwen, who has knowledge of high school physics, only knows that during the soaking process, the fibers in the bamboo remain, but the wood components have disappeared, but whether it is acidic synthesis or alkaline synthesis, or a series of reactions, why it takes so long, he does not know.

Although lime water is an alkaline substance, it is really difficult to say how it reacts when it is placed in water.

Knowing nothing, we can only improve it through continuous experimentation, soak it in the simplest acids and bases, and get the answer.

The simplest acid is hydrochloric acid.

The easiest alkaline water to get is baking soda.

His experiment is also very simple, take the smallest and most tender bamboo pieces, soak them in two kinds of water, and the fastest softening reaction is the material he needs.

During this period, Shen Sanwen conveyed the good news to Cui Xuan, once they can succeed in improving the first step and improve the papermaking technique, all the subsequent actions can be accelerated, and their dream can be realized as soon as possible.

Cui Xuan's expression on this is: Hehe.

From the Han Dynasty to the Great Zhou Dynasty, how many times has it been improved in this thousand years, and finally fell silent at this time, he thought that the horse master would have better alternatives to paper, such as a small blackboard for each person, or other solutions to get free paper, who knows, this person is so unreliable to improve papermaking!

If he is a worker who has been in contact with papermaking since he was a child, Cui Xuan believes that he has this ability, you are a pampered horse, and you can figure it out by yourself, it is better for the court to reward and ask for an improvement plan.

Cui Xuan felt that this hope was getting slimmer and slimmer.

Shen Sanwen didn't realize it, this is chemistry, removing wood, getting fibrous, and then smoothly making paper, the work is thousands of miles, and the benefit is in the contemporary, which is the most perfect method.

The small blackboard can indeed allow people to learn to write and read, but there is absolutely no white paper and black words written down one by one, and then it is convenient to check and fill in the gaps, and the teacher cannot collect the thick small blackboard again and again to correct each student's mistakes, after all, it will be erased, and the memory will not be deep enough.

Only by writing it in black and white is the way out of education and can lay the best foundation for the first step.

Fifteen days later, the weak acid water and the weak alkaline water won and lost.

The guards who had to check the bamboo on one side every day were excited to report Shen San asked, "The bamboo in the sour water has become soft!"

Shen Sanwen also excitedly ran to the water bowl containing two pieces of bamboo and wood, took it out and looked at it repeatedly, the degree of softness, compared to the flexibility of the bamboo, is really insignificant. It's really hard to touch people who don't check it every day.

Relying on such water, for three months, 10,000 percent of them are not effective without lime water.

It seems that you still have to be heavy-handed, and since acid is useful, then it is good to use strong acid.

Yes, with sulfuric acid!

Fortunately, Zhang Yang has put coal refining on the agenda, although there is no particularly big result after tinkering for more than half a year, but the Turks are fortunate to be the most important product in the process of smelting coal detoxification - sulfuric acid, refined out.

Therefore, it is still up to the brothers at the critical time.

Zhang Yang sent three small bottles of sulfuric acid held in precious glass to Shen Sanwen, the trade road to the north Turks is waiting to be completed, and the transportation will be much more convenient in the future.

Although, largely unintentionally, good people are always rewarded.

But do good deeds, don't ask about the future.

The road ahead is smooth.

The test was much easier and faster.

At the beginning, the sulfuric acid can burn the whole piece of bamboo without a single star, Shen Sanwen constantly poured different amounts of sulfuric acid into the water, diluted it, and finally added some salt to roughly determine the proportion, which can be made in just a few minutes, softened bamboo.

Looking at such a powerful potion, everyone in the princess's mansion was stunned.

If this thing touches a person's body, it will kill people in minutes, and Shen Sanwen also ordered someone to block the news, in case there are people with bad intentions who use this to assassinate, as the only person who has the strength to provide this powerful ability potion, Shen Sanwen has a hard time arguing.

None of that matters.

The important thing is that the raw materials made are fully soaked, cleaned and filtered, and then sent to the Shangfang Bureau, and the answer is positive, sulfate can be used to make pulp raw materials, shortening the time of papermaking for a full three months!

Therefore, now Shen Sanwen is a little worried, whether to directly make the method public, or keep it himself, it is more troublesome to make it yourself, make it public, sulfuric acid is too lethal in Dazhou, it will be disfigured if it is splashed, and it will be fatal, and it is impossible to prevent it, it is too dangerous.

Probably not to be made public.

Shen Sanwen naturally wanted to discuss with the princess, although this weapon can be used at a short distance, but its lethality is not weaker than that of a musket, the princess's first reaction is naturally that General Zhang has mastered such a powerful weapon, and then he took it out like this.

Obviously very loyal, no selfishness, refined it, and secretly collected it, but neither she nor her mother Her Majesty knew it, so Shen San asked a person to know, and he knew what kind of thing it was from beginning to end.

Are young people so knowledgeable nowadays, or do she know too little?

Shen San asked, "."

This is a simple difference between the times, if you ask him what many famous sayings of Confucius mean, he doesn't know, each era has a specific common sense, this is the difference between high and low technology, and there is no question of cultural superiority or inferiority.

In short, in the end, it was decided that sulfuric acid would be used as the secret weapon of the brave army, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Culture would set up a separate branch to provide paper mills across the country with finished pulp raw materials that did not require a three-month requisition period.

The proceeds are still state-owned.

So, there's no need to worry about anyone coveting it.

Shen Sanwen gave himself three months to complete this work, and all those who obtained raw materials from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Shanggong Branch should be given priority to supply the Ministry of Culture and Culture at a price of 80% off the market price, followed by supplying the whole country. Rao is like this, most of the paper merchants who learned the news immediately signed a contract with Shen Sanwen.

There are more raw materials, there will be more time for other steps, Da Zhou is currently expensive paper, profitable, and more importantly, paper is always in short supply, but the speed of papermaking is not up to the requirements.

The cost of the worker is only a small part of the expenditure, and if there are raw materials, it is equal to money. Paper merchants, at least a few generations of accumulation, in order to become a first-class paper merchant, the long-term vision, and the mentality of calculating gains and losses, is naturally not comparable to ordinary people.

Even if Shen Sanwen stated in advance that the price of paper would be reduced, it did not affect the conclusion of the contract in the slightest.

On the one hand, a large amount of land suitable for bamboo growth has been prepared in the sparsely populated areas in the south to collect all kinds of bamboo species resources that can grow rapidly, and on the other hand, the fiber bark that the craftsman said can make paper has also been paid attention to and prepared as an alternative.

Everything is ready, and the first change of the Great Zhou has begun.

This time, the progress of EFA is unstoppable!

Note: The rapid removal of wood by sulfate needs to be carried out at a high temperature of 170 degrees Celsius, because the process is too complex and involves too many elements, reasonable deletion is carried out.

Another: The papermaking process is what I have checked a lot of information and come to it, it is very real, and the general process should be clear, after all, everyone should have learned to imagine. It is only a few time aspects of the description, and where the drying is relatively easy to understand, so it is omitted. If you are interested, you can Baidu keywords, handmade paper videos.

(End of chapter)