-- The book continues --

Due to the continuous party struggle and infighting in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yousong was the emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yousong is the grandson of Zhu Yijun of Mingshenzong, the son of Zhu Changluo of Mingguangzong, the eldest son of Zhu Changxun, the king of Fuzhong, and his biological mother Yao. The era name Hongguang is commonly known as the Hongguang Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

In October of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the Qing court took Duoduo, the prince of Yu, as the general of Dingguo, and led 20,000 cavalry to invade the Ming Dynasty. Soon, due to the burning of Li Zicheng's Dashun army in Shaanxi, the regent Dolgon led the Eight Banners Army and Wu Sangui, the general soldier of the Ming Dynasty, to defeat Li Zicheng's Dashun army in an important battle inside and outside Shanhaiguan. The victory in this battle opened the Qing Dynasty to enter the Central Plains, conquer the Southern Ming government and the Dashun, Daxi and other regimes, and establish the rule of the whole country.

So as to give Daming a chance to breathe. In order to resist the southward movement of the Qing army, Shi Kefa, the secretary of the military department, deployed troops: Liu Zeqing, the general soldier, governed Huai and Hai, stationed in Huai'an, and the manager Shandong all the way to ask for trouble; The general soldier Gao Jie governed Xu and Si, stationed in Sizhou, and the manager opened and returned all the way to ask for trouble; The general soldier Liu Liangzuo was in charge of Feng and Shou, stationed in Linhuai, and the managers Chen and Qi recruited all the way; Jingnan Bohuang has the merit to govern Chu and He, stationed in Luzhou, and the manager Guang and Gu are all the way to ask for things. The above four towns in Jiangbei and Zuo Liangyu in Wuchang formed a Jianghuai defense line to prevent the Dashun army or the Qing army from moving south.

The Qing army broke through Tongguan and ordered Duoduo to lead his troops to transfer and go south.

Xu Dingguo, the commander-in-chief of the Southern Ming Dynasty stationed in Suizhou, and Li Jiyu, the commander-in-chief of the Henan army, surrendered to the Qing army respectively. Shi Kefa Feizhang was in a hurry, and transferred the general soldier Gao Jie to Xuzhou, and expected to return to Germany to stop the Qing army. In the first month of the following year, Gao Jie was booby-trapped by Xu Dingguo, and the positive actions of the Hongguang Dynasty came to an end. Soon, the Hongguang Dynasty infighting broke out again. In March, Zuo Liangyu, the Marquis of Ningnan, stationed in Wuchang, in the name of "Qingjun side", led his troops to the east, from Hankou to Qizhou, 200 miles to meet. Nanjing Ma Shiying urgently transferred Huang Degong's troops to the Yangtze River to resist.

The Qing army took the opportunity to approach Xuzhou, and Li Chengdong, the general soldier of the Ming Dynasty, boarded the boat and fled south, and the Qing army then fell into Yingzhou (now Fuyang) and Taihe. On the first day of the first month of April, the Hongguang Imperial Court secretly ordered Shi Kefa to oversee the army to enter Nanjing to aid Zuo Liangyu.

Liu Zhaoji, the commander-in-chief, asked to take advantage of the enemy's unpreparedness to fight the city, but Shi Kefa did not agree. On the 24th, the Qing army transported Hongyi cannons from Sizhou and tried to bombard Yangzhou, panicking all over the city. On the 25th, the Qing army rushed to break through the city, and Shi Kefa was captured and unyielding.

Liu Zhaoji led the remnants of the army and the people to continue the street fighting until they were killed. On the eighth day of the first month of May, the Qing army crossed the Yangtze River at night in heavy fog, and the next day it conquered the Zhenjiang River. The defenders of the Ming Dynasty along the river were all defeated.

The commander-in-chief Zheng Hongkui and Zheng Caibu sailors escaped into the sea and retreated to Fujian. On the 14th, the Qing army went south from Zhenjiang to Danyang, and went west to Jurong, until it reached the city of Nanjing.

In the first year of Hongguang, on May 15, ministers Zhao Zhilong, Wang Feng, Qian Qianyi and others surrendered the city of Nanjing, and the Qing army occupied Nanjing. After the Qing army conquered Nanjing, Duoduo ordered Liu Liangzuo, a general, to lead the Qing troops to pursue Emperor Hongguang. Zhu Yousong, who rebelled and left, had no choice but to flee to Wuhu with his concubine, and the Qing army chased after him, and Zhu Yousong had no choice but to fight with the Qing army. The Ming army couldn't hold it. On May 22, the commanders Tian Xiong, Ma Degong, Qiu Yue, Zhang Jie, Huang Ming, and Chen Xiance rushed to the imperial boat, kidnapped Emperor Hongguang, and presented him to the Qing army.

On the seventh day of the sixth month, Zhang Kentang, the governor of Fujian in the Ming Dynasty, Huang Daozhou, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Zhilong, and Zheng Hongkui, the king of the Tang Dynasty, were called the prisoners of the country in Fuzhou. On the 27th day of leap June, Zhu Yujian proclaimed himself emperor and changed Fuzhou to Tianxing Mansion, taking this year as the first year of Longwu. That is, the Longwu Dynasty.

Zhu Yujian, the word longevity, the son of Zhu Qiqi, the king of Tang Yu, and the mother of Queen Mao. The second monarch of the Southern Ming Dynasty.

During his reign, he made great efforts to govern the country, appointed Jin Sheng, Yang Tinglin, He Tengjiao and others to resist the southward movement of the Qing army, incorporated the rest of Li Zicheng's troops, sent troops to the Northern Expedition many times, and recovered the lost territories of Jingde and Ningguo in Anhui. However, mainly relying on the armies of Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong's father and son, Zheng Zhilong supported the army to protect himself, had no intention of resisting the Qing Dynasty, and the Northern Expedition finally failed.

After Emperor Longwu ascended the throne, his great-grandfather was named the fourth generation of emperors, and his great-grandfather Tang Jing Wang Zhu Yuwen was Emperor Hui, his great-grandfather Tang Shun King Zhu Zhouyu was Emperor Shun, his grandfather Tang Duan Wang Zhu Shuoxi was Emperor Duan, and his father Tang Yu Wang (posthumously sealed) Zhu Qiqi was Emperor Xuan.

Four generations of ancestors were posthumously crowned queens. The younger brother Zhu Yuyi was the king of Tang and sealed the country of Nanning; Promoted to the king of De'an, Zhu Qiqi was the king of Deng; Posthumously crowned his younger brother Zhu Yu as King Chen, and his son Zhu Linmiao as the son of King Chen. Emperor Hongguang was called "Emperor Sheng'an".

In July of the first year of Longwu, he ordered that the names of the three halls of the Emperor's Palace, the Middle Pole Palace, and the Jianji Hall during the Jiajing period be restored to the Fengtian Palace, the Huagai Palace, and the Jinshen Palace, and the word "Xing In" was added in front of each yamen.

Tang King Zhu Yujian strived to be the "Guangwu Emperor" of the Ming Dynasty and revive the Ming Dynasty.

Although Emperor Longwu is a wise lord, he has always been overshadowed by the Zheng family group. The Zheng family, led by Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Hongkui, Zheng Zhibao, and Zheng Ying, was born as a big pirate leader, and has been rampant along the coast for decades, both as a businessman and a thief.

The only loyal minister of the Zheng family is actually only one Zheng Chenggong. Zheng Chenggong's original name was Zheng Sen, the son of Zheng Zhilong and the concubine of the Japanese Kou, the Zheng family was arrogant, sold officials, looted the people, and was vicious and violent, even surpassing Ma Shiying of the Hongguang Dynasty. When they were defeated and left Jiangnan, they still looted on a large scale, so that this phenomenon was caused at that time: "The victim waited for the soldiers to be cleared, and the rumor said, 'The soldiers are like crabs, and they will come late!'"

Due to the bloody killings caused by the Qing Dynasty's shaving order, the kings of the Ming Dynasty killed, surrendered, and walked, and the kings and ministers of Lu at that time wanted to quickly capture Nanjing, a symbolic city. If Nanjing is in hand, the "prison state" will become the "emperor", which will naturally be justified, so that the king of Lu will be much more "reasonable" and "legitimate" than the Longwu regime in Fujian.

In the summer of 1646, Bo Luo, the general of the Qing Dynasty, led tens of thousands of troops from Hangzhou to attack King Lu's army.

Unfortunately, the Qiantang River, which has always been deep and turbulent, suddenly encountered a major drought that had not been encountered for decades, the river dried up, and the barrier was lost, and the Qing Dynasty horse team crossed through the dry land and shallow water in the river, and the Ming army was defeated and Shaoxing fell. King Lu fled to the sea for refuge.

The Longwu regime has been trapped on three sides, one is to control the Zheng family, the second is to guard against the army of King Lu, and the third is that the Qing army led by Li Chengdong is approaching.

It was all due to the selfishness of He Tengjiao, the governor of Huguang, and others. It was precisely because of his improper placement and handling of the previous peasant army that the hearts of the people were scattered and the coordination was inconsistent, and finally Jiangxi, Hunan and other places were broken by the Qing army.

Zhu Yujian, Emperor of Longwu, ignored Zheng's obstruction, and arrived in Yanping from Fu-zhou with thousands of Ming soldiers, preparing to venture to Hu-Nan. Zheng Ying and others suddenly abandoned Xincheng (now Jiang-Xi-Li-Chuan) and fled, and the door was wide open.

Zheng Zhilong had already secretly made an appointment with the Qing soldiers to surrender, and the passes of Fu-Jian were unguarded.

Soon Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong broke with his father and led his troops south. Li Chengdong's Qing army won great victories all the way in Zhejiang and other places, successively captured Shaoxing, Dongyang, Jinhua, Pingzhou, and soon captured Xianxia Pass, which was guarded by Zheng Hongkui, and went straight to Fujian, captured Jianning, and attacked Yanping. Yang Fengbao said that "the death of Fujing died in Zheng Zhilong's payment".

Emperor Longwu because the Qing army has entered Xianxia Pass, escaped from Yanping, in Tingzhou outside the city of Emperor Guandi Temple was caught up by the Qing army, Zhou Zhifan lied that he was Emperor Longwu, covering the emperor to flee, and he gave up his life to fight. He said that he killed dozens of people with his hands, and finally was hit by an arrow in the back of the head, fell from his horse and was killed.

In the early morning of the next day when Emperor Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty fled to Tingzhou, the soldiers of the Qing army said that more than ten people pretended to be the Ming army and mixed into Tingzhou City, Emperor Longwu and the empress were captured, the queen committed suicide by throwing herself into the water in Jiulong Lake, and Emperor Longwu collapsed in Fujing Tianxing Mansion.

Emperor Longwu died at the age of forty-four, and shortly after his death, Tianxing Mansion fell, and Zhu Mindu, the king of Yangqu, Zhu Yanhan, the king of Songzi, Zhu Hongyu, the king of Yicheng, and Zhu Changlian, the king of Fengxin, were killed.

In October, Xinmao Zhangzhou fell.

Emperor Longwu's younger brother, Tang King Zhu Yulu, succeeded to the throne in Guangzhou-Zhou in November and changed his name to Shaowu as Emperor Shaowu.

The news of Zhu Yulang's proclamation of the emperor reached Wuzhou, Zhu Youlang's regime was furious, returned to Zhaoqing four days later, and then ascended the throne on the 18th and proclaimed the emperor, changing the Yuan Yongli, Zhu Youlang immediately sent Peng Yao and Chen Jiamo, the head of the military department, to Guangzhou, to meet Zhu Yulu with the etiquette of a vassal king, and persuaded him to cancel the emperor's title. Su Guansheng, the chief university scholar, was furious, beheaded Peng and Chen, and then ordered Chen Jitai to attack Zhaoqing.

Just as Emperor Shaowu and Emperor Yongli were killing each other, the Qing soldiers led by Tong Yangjia and Li Chengdong had taken Chaozhou and Huizhou, near Guangzhou, and used the captured local official seals of the Southern Ming Dynasty to send a misinformation of peace to Zhu Yulu.

At this time, Li Chengdong selected 300 Qing soldiers, entered Guangzhou-Zhou-Huashan in the north of the city, and sent more than 10 people to mix into Guangcheng, and should take off the camouflage on his head, expose his braids, wave his knife and shout "The Qing army has arrived", and kill one person, in the blink of an eye, the Qing army boarded the city wall, and then removed the disguise, exposed the braids, and shot arrows randomly, and the city suddenly boiled.

Su Guansheng then led the troops to fight fiercely with the Qing soldiers for a day and night, and the Qing soldiers had the intention of retreating, but the traitor Xie Shangzheng led the Qing soldiers into the city, and the main city fell.

Su Guansheng saw that the general trend had gone, and after writing down the eight characters of "Ming loyal ministers deserve death", he hanged himself.

Zhu Yulu ended his forty-day reign.

He Wusu, Wang Yinghua, Gu Yuanjing and others surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and the twenty-four Ming Dynasty vassal kings in the city were all killed.

After Zhu Yulu's death, Zhu Youlang became the only emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Youlang, the grandson of Zhu Yijun of Mingshenzong, the son of Zhu Changying, King of Guiduan, and the cousin of Zhu Youzhen of Ming Sizong, was invited to Zhu Yulu, the younger brother of Emperor Longwu, in ---Guangzhou, and preempted Zhu Youlang, and officially proclaimed himself emperor on the fifth day of the same month.

In December, Zhu Youlang returned to Gui-Lin, the rear base of the Southern Ming Dynasty.

In the second year of Yongli, Admiral Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren preemptively captured and killed Dong Xuecheng, the political envoy Chi Bianlong, and Hudong Daocheng into a great cause, announcing the anti-Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty; In February, Zhu Youlang fled from Liuzhou to Nan-Ning; In April, Li Chengdong, the governor of the Qing Dynasty and Guangzhou, opposed the restoration of the Qing Dynasty, and Geng Xianzhong, the governor of the Qing Dynasty's Guangzhou-Western Governor, opposed the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty; In August, Zhu Youlang returned to Zhaoqing.

In the third year of Yongli, He Tengjiao was captured and killed in Xiangtan; Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren fell in Nanchang; In March, Li Chengdong was defeated and died. Bad news followed, and the court was panicked.

In the fourth year of Yongli, Qu Shiyun and Zhang Tongchang were captured by Kong Youde in Guilin, and the latter two were unyielding and killed.

In the fifth year of Yongli, Zhu Youlang was coerced by Sun Kewang to live in Anlong Mansion by force, and under Sun Kewang's house arrest, he lived a stable but not free life for more than three years.

In the eighth year of Yongli, Sun Kewang wanted to stand on his own, and the minister Wu Zhenyu and others were ordered by Yongli to summon Li Dingguo to escort him. After the matter was revealed, Sun Kewang sent Zheng Guo to raise troops to ask for the crime, and finally Sun Kewang was convicted of "stealing treasures and pretending to be edicts, bullying the crowd and harming the good", and gave Wu Zhenyu to hang himself and behead the seventeen courtiers below Wu.

Li Dingguo escorted Zhu Youlang to Kunming, Yunnan, where he lived in Sun Kewang's palace of the King of Qin. The following year, Sun Kewang was defeated in Qujing Jiaoshui, and Sun Kewang was overwhelmed.

After Sun Kewang surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, the military intelligence of the southwest was provided to the Qing court, and the reality of Yunnan and Guizhou was known to the Qing army.

Until the thirteenth year of Yongli, Zhu Youlang withdrew from Kun Ming to Yong Chang under the protection of Li Dingguo, and was taken in by Wang Mangda of Burma.

After Wu Sangui invaded Burma, Mangda's brother Mangbai took the opportunity to launch a coup d'état, killed his brother and succeeded to the throne.

Mang Bai dedicated Zhu Youlang, the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, to Wu Sangui, and the imperial system of the Southern Ming Dynasty was completely destroyed.

In the early days of Zhu Youlang's ascension, due to the continuous activities of peasant armies in various places, the strength of the Qing army was contained, so that the Yongli regime could support the continuous exile for 16 years, which was the longest duration and far-reaching influence among the Southern Ming regimes.

Zhu Youlang was indecisive, timid and afraid of things, he was an unstable son of heaven, and fled to various places for a total of 16 times, so the people of the time called him "the son of heaven".

Emperor Yongli's father and son and 25 dependents were strangled to death by Wu Guogui with a bowstring at the age of 40. The place where he died was later renamed Forced Death Slope.

——To be continued——