The matter of moving the capital was decided, and Xianyang also received a new name - Chang'an. At that time, Xianyang City was already in ruins under a fire from Xiang Yu, and Xiao He was ordered to build Chang'an City.

In order to show the weather of the new dynasty, Xiao He on the basis of the Xingle Palace of the Qin Dynasty, changed the frugal style to build the palace majestic and magnificent, and named it Changle, Weiyang, also called the East Palace and the West Palace, which means eternal happiness.

When the project was completed, Xiao He proudly invited Liu Bang for acceptance, and he didn't want Liu Bang, who had always been generous, to be angry and said: The world has been fighting against the Huns for many years, and the success or failure is unknown, why did you build the palace so magnificent? (The world is Hungarian and Hungarian, fighting hard for several years, success or failure is unknown, it is He Zhi's palace room is excessive)

Analyze this sentence a little, and you will understand better why Liu Bang was able to sweep away the heroes and dominate the country!

Judging from his personal growth experience, it is difficult to call Liu Bang a good person, when he was young, he did a lot of things such as abduction, eating, drinking, prostitution, gambling, stealing chickens and touching dogs, and at a critical moment, he could even kick his relatives and children away. Such a person, but can make the world to the heart, the honor of the ninety-five, seems to once again prove the truth that bad people may not have bad retribution, if you are a theist, deduce it, then you have to despair, the Son of Heaven is the son of God, as the saying goes, there must be a son must have a father, look at the virtue of the Son of Heaven, you can infer the virtue of his father, and eventually you will get a trembling conclusion, God or gods are not good people, in other words, more philosophical words can be said to be so, God is evil or God is the root of all evil.

Regardless of whether the above inferences are well made and whether the conclusions are meaningful, you must not put on a show in front of religious people, otherwise I cannot guarantee that they will not use weapons such as bricks to defend their faith. Of course, this sentence is not my patent, because there are many people who have said similar things, including the famous Nietzsche.

Mr. Nietzsche said: God is dead. Some people tremble, some scold, some ridicule, and when Nietzsche chatters about his discoveries, people can't bear it anymore and can only pay tribute to Mr. Nietzsche on behalf of God: You are crazy!

We don't care whether Mr. Nietzsche is really crazy or not, and Nietzsche's words provide us with an analytical perspective. This perspective has also been repeatedly used in the novels of martial arts master Jin Yong.

This perspective is that there is no absolute good or bad in human nature, and this is true of anthropomorphic God, and so is the emperor. As an emperor, Liu Bang did not do a few good things before the uprising, and after the uprising, he did good things and bad things, he was not a good person, but he may not be able to be a good emperor.

As for the evaluation of historical figures, I have always agreed that there is more historical evaluation than moral evaluation.

The so-called historical figures, refers to the history of the role of the promotion of the character, since it is a historical figure, then can not be an ordinary person, she can not be the street selling vegetables aunt, can not be the street alley shouting scissors grinding uncle, if one day they lie in the funeral home to hold a memorial service, said that they have worked hard in order to stimulate domestic demand in this life, to promote the prosperity of the market economy has made great contributions, I am afraid that the memorial service will be held into a laughing forest meeting, their families will have to greet the person who wrote the eulogy and his ancestors. Then, on the other hand, when holding a memorial service for a historical figure, saying that he stole a few chickens, visited a few kilns, killed a few minions, built a few thatched huts, kicked a few children, and so on, and other trivial and moral things, I am afraid that the people in the black frame will be so angry that they vomit blood and will come out to greet them at night.

So Zhu Yuanzhang almost cleaned up the officials of the Ming Empire several times, and he had a lot of heinous killings, but it is undeniable that he is a good emperor. Therefore, Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty often wore a sewn old dragon robe to the court, and even raised some poultry in the harem to supplement his personal use, which seemed to be thrifty and had a high moral level for the people, but it was undeniable that he was a bad emperor.

Judging an emperor only for good or bad would be one-sided. Liu Bang has hooligan habits and has a lot of bad problems, but he has done a solid job, and it is not an exaggeration to call him a Dao Mingjun.

During Liu Bang's tenure, the people were poor, and that was also because of the thin foundation, and he couldn't be blamed for Liu Laosan, but the people's lives were slowly getting better, which was closely related to Liu Bang's ideas on governing the country.

When it comes to ideological rule, most people must have an image of an old man with kind eyebrows, a demeanor, and a flowing Hanfu - Mr. Confucius. This old gentleman was not ambitious in the era of his existence, and his disciples were almost wiped out in the Qin Dynasty, and it was not in the mainstream in the early Han Dynasty until Liu Bang's great-grandson (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) was in power, that Confucianism quickly penetrated into all aspects of social life and became the mainstream of thought in the government's vigorous promotion.

Liu Bang has never been very interested in Confucianism, and he hates it very much, so he has done a lot of things like riding on the head of Confucianism and peeing with Confucianism's hat, and later his attitude towards Confucianism has changed slightly with the efforts of his uncle and grandson. In this case, if he were to use Confucianism to govern the country, it would be like a fantasy. Since Confucianism has been abandoned, and the complete rule of law of the Qin Dynasty has not been adopted, what kind of ruling art should be used? In the end, Liu Bang and his team chose the art of Huang Lao with 'Tao' as the core to govern the world.

The so-called Huang Lao's technique, originated from Taoism, formed in the middle of the Warring States period, and was popular in the Jixia School Palace of Qi State.

Its core is Taoist thought, and miscellaneous law, yin and yang, Confucianism, ink and other views of a way of governing the country, the legend is created by the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu, the legend is just a legend, do not have to take it seriously. When a hundred schools of thought contended, each faction opened an altar in the palace to debate politics, and some anonymous scholars of Taoism attended the lecture with an extremely serious attitude, and finally learned from the strengths of others, and made up a family's words, in order to promote the spread of the idea, the believers specially moved out of the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu to frighten people.

Since the pre-Qin period, various sects and factions have distinct views and distinctions, and the Huang Lao school has obviously broken this boundary.

At the same time, it also advocated that "right and wrong should be divided, judged by law, listened quietly and carefully, and conformed to the law", and believed that the monarch should 'save harsh things, be thinly endowed, and not take away the people', and should also 'do things with virtue and magnificent'.

You can also think that Huang Lao's art is a realistic version of Taoism, an upgraded version, so to understand the Huang Lao School, you must also understand Taoism, and to understand Taoism, you must understand Lao Tzu.

Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism, is very famous, his ideas have become one of the core of Chinese culture, some people count, his old man's handwriting "Tao Te Ching" is second only to the "Bible" is the most translated work in the language. Lao Tzu is not only famous now, but also famous in his time, and there is an endless stream of people who ask him for advice, and the famous Confucius once came to his door for advice twice.

Lao Tzu likes to ride a green ox to travel, and there are often auspicious clouds above his head, and wherever he goes, the atmosphere will change.

In the continuous travels, Lao Tzu combined what he learned and often realized some extraordinary truths.

For example, when he was cooking fresh fish soup in a picnic to improve his life, he found that the less the soup stirred during cooking, the more delicious the fish soup became, and then Lao Tzu used his infinite imagination to pop out of his mouth the famous sentence "Governing a big country is like cooking a small fresh". When he saw the gurgling stream, he thought, 'Good is like water', and when he saw the long and short trees, the tall, short, fat and thin people, Lao Tzu thought of dialectics again. When he arrived in a certain village, Lao Tzu lived for a while, and he didn't do anything, but the folk customs there became very simple because of his arrival, so Lao Tzu sighed, 'It is a saint who does nothing and does not teach'.

Of course, Lao Tzu's 'Wu Wei' does not mean that everyone does not work and eats dry, but that they should not make trouble out of nothing. In his opinion, there are more disputes in the world than others, all because the princes have selfish desires, provoke conflict, and have nothing to do. The hardships of the common people are all due to the fact that the government has many policies and disturbs the people too much. Therefore, if the country wants to be peaceful and peaceful, and if people want to live happily, everyone must 'do nothing', and deal with it with nothingness, and 'do nothing, then there will be no cure', and the government must put an end to the shameful act of making paste, only then can the country last.

In his constant thinking and travels, Lao Tzu finally explored the deepest and most mysterious origin in philosophy. He called it 'the Tao', but what was the Tao?

In his old man's words, it is: 'The Tao is the Tao, the very Tao', 'the wonderful and wonderful, the door of all the wonders'.

Tao is a rare thing, it is untraceable, ubiquitous, invisible, intangible, no one has seen its true face, but it exists all the time, and it plays a role all the time. In today's terminology, it should be called a law, or the hand of God (which has nothing to do with a football game), and Einstein liked to call it God's dice.

With the mysterious thing of 'Dao', many things can be justified, so many other doctrines have also begun to use 'Dao' to expound their own ideas, such as Confucianism also has Tao, but specifically it is called the Heavenly Dao and the King Dao, the Legalists also have the Dao, and the people call it the Lord Dao (the way of the monarch) and so on.

Since Tao is so powerful, can explain anything, can do anything, can govern the people and the country, then why is it that no monarch will adopt Taoist thought to govern the country?

In fact, it is no wonder that those monarchs who don't know the goods, and they have to blame Lao Tzu. Lao Tzu's political ideal is to establish a society of small countries and widows, in this kind of society, the monarch should be pure-hearted and have few desires, the government should limit its functions, and the people can take care of themselves, and the monarch can not make the people smarter, it is best to let the people die and do not get along.

I am afraid that such a political doctrine will only have a market after communism unifies the whole world, and in the world of warring states, countries are inextricably fighting, such inaction will not work at all, and those monarchs will either treat it as science fiction or immediately throw it into the fire pit and burn it.

In this way, wouldn't the Taoists have to be confused? When Lao Tzu was alive, there were officials who had no worries about food and clothing, and he lived well, although he had been dead for many years, but there were still a bunch of believers, and he always had to eat. There was no way, they realized that they could not sit and wait for death, and that the doctrine could only have a future if it was improved to cater to the rulers.

At that time, countries changed the law, the Legalist disciples lived a particularly nourishing life, and some disciples of the Taoists were very greedy, so they opened the Tao Te Ching and found that there was such a sentence: Man is the law of the earth, the earth is the law of the sky, the heaven is the Tao, and the Tao is natural. The eyes of the disciples of the Taoist revolutionary faction suddenly lit up, it turned out that the ancestor had said that he wanted to use it. They took inspiration from this and advocated the 'Tao Birth Law'. As soon as this opening is opened, it will be integrated again, and the highlights of each faction can be integrated.

Integration is integration, but there is a big problem in front of us, what should I name the improved version of integration? The integrated version is no longer pure Taoism, but a hodgepodge. You can't still call it Taoism, those conservative Taoist disciples will definitely not agree, you can't call Taoism, you can call other families, right? Not at all! Each other school has extremely good representatives, and it has a core theory that is different from that of others, but this improved version is not a new theory, and it is not appropriate to call it another school. It's not enough to name it after yourself, and many factions do that. The idea is good, but these students are all gentlemen, and others can't say that they are their own. Isn't there a way to promote doctrine without offending others?

This seems like an unsolvable puzzle! The disciples of the Taoist reformers gave full play to the fine tradition of diligent use of their brains and the courage to use their brains, and finally thought of a satisfactory solution, they invited their ancestor Yellow Emperor out, now it is good, whether it is the Qin people, the Qi people, the Chu people, or the Taoist Confucian Legalists, the Mo family, the Yin and Yang families, aren't they all the descendants of the Yellow Emperor? Since it is the doctrine of the Yellow Emperor, it is everyone's doctrine, this trick is amazing! Absolutely, absolutely. In order not to offend the ancestors, they retained Lao Tzu's naming rights. Therefore, this school calls Huang Lao and is called the Huang Lao School.

The old Huang school is so freshly baked.

In fact, clever rulers find that no one faction can do everything, which means that there is a market for a hodgepodge. Don't look at Confucianism after the Han Dynasty, but it did not eliminate other factions.

The reason why the Huang Lao school was selected by Liu Bang and his team was that the people at that time had a strong desire to recuperate after frequent wars, and the Taoism that advocated the rule of inaction naturally entered the field of vision of the rulers. And at that time, the concept of feudal hierarchy was not deep, and it was also the dream of Liu Bang and his ministers to have a relaxed social environment.

Despite this, the lifespan of Huang Lao's art is not long, and for some rulers who are happy to achieve great success, the constraints are too great, and with the continuous strengthening and deification of the monarch's power, inaction is obviously not conducive to maintaining the rule.

The ideological struggle will be accompanied by the institutional struggle and will become the wind and waves of the Han Dynasty's progress.