Zhu Yijun did not have much interest in repairing the palace, the palace was burned, Zhu Yijun achieved his political goal, launched a whole round of purge of the Northwest Ethnic Party, and then further established the necessity of Zhenwu by burning the palace, whether it was Qi Hu, Yu Long, Li Chengliang, Yin Zhengmao expressed very clear support for the emperor to clean up the Northwest Ethnic Party.

Yu Long Qihu went in person, Li Chengliang attacked Zhangwu to advance the front to ensure the safety of Daningwei, and Yin Zhengmao went directly to Beijing to receive the national surname as His Majesty's overseas supporter.

It must be determined that Luzon has a precious significance for stabilizing the Ming economy and the security of the southeast sea frontier, Yin Zhengmao is willing to lead the country, which is to bear a lot of infamy, but Yin Zhengmao did not care about personal honor and disgrace, he clearly supported the Ming Emperor.

Zhu Yijun's political goal has been achieved, and he is even less interested in repairing the palace.

He wants to live in the West Garden, the West Garden is good, there is water all around, and at the same time, the West Garden is more livable, because the North Ya is dry, and it will not be too humid to live by the water, and Zhu Yijun's Baoqi Division is built in imitation of the pattern of the Quanchu Guild Hall, and it is very comfortable to live.

Zhang Juzheng didn't want the little emperor to live in Xiyuan anyway, your little emperor lived in Xiyuan at a young age, and the Ming Dynasty ministers were tortured by Emperor Jiajing's psychological shadow.

In the end, the contradictions also reached a state of peace, and the little emperor agreed to build the palace, but it had to be erased.

Zhu Yijun's erasure is to force the big priest to reduce costs, not to let him criticize the craftsmen.

The wind direction in the Longqing period is not to fish and meat the gentry, and the wind direction in the early years of Wanli is not to criticize the small people.

The small people can no longer suffer, and the gentry can still suffer, which has a complete and meticulous logic, which is based on the current social foundation that the Ming Dynasty has no merger and is incomparable.

Xiaomin is already poor to the point that a family of five has two pants, and if they squeeze it again, it will be chaos everywhere.

It was precisely on the basis of this politically correct situation that new policies such as clearing the zhang, returning the land, and six books and one account began to be implemented on a large scale.

If Wang Chonggu, the great secretary, was harsh on the small people and craftsmen, he was caught by the officials, and he was bound to impeach Wang Chonggu, so that Wang Chonggu could see the sharpness of the officials, after all, Wang Chonggu was still guilty.

Early the next morning, Zhu Yijun entered the construction site from the noon gate, and put forward his opinions on the specific restoration of the palace, asking for details.

"Great Priest, can this use a little less steel? Steel is used to cast cannons, and this is used on the arches of the corridor, is it a waste? Use less if you can. Zhu Yijun put forward his practical opinions to reduce the use of steel.

Wang Chonggu was silent for a moment and said: "Your Majesty, we still have the steel for casting cannons in the Ming Dynasty, which are all steel materials used in the drum casting of the new factory. ”

Even at the moment, it is still an extremely expensive wood, taking the Qianqing Palace as an example, a window frame of golden silk nanmu costs five thousand taels of silver, except for the one where the emperor lives, nothing else, the most expensive of the original palace is the pillar of the three major halls and two palaces, which used to be spliced together by the golden silk nanmu falcon.

Now with steel concrete, it is already very cost-effective!

"If you don't have a hollow structure, you can fill in the construction waste in the middle, anyway, the steel concrete is strong." Zhu Yijun proposed another good way to save money!

Wang Chonggu said in a loud voice: "Your Majesty! ”

"Your Majesty, whether it is a lime factory, a steel factory or a glass factory, they are all built factories, and if they are well managed, this money can still be earned, Your Majesty, this money should be spent, it should be saved, there is no need to save it!" Wang Chonggu said these things, to ash must have a lime factory, to embed steel, must have a steel factory, to inlay glass, naturally to glass factory.

Wang Chonggu plans to give Emperor Daming a little official shock, the matter of burning glass has been put on the agenda, and the palace is replaced with a glass window, which is Wang Chonggu's deferential heart.

"That's right, the palace is built to build a large project, which can indeed promote the formation of industries and technological progress, and even resettle some displaced people, so that they can have a skill to make a living, these are true, but a big construction is a big construction." Zhu Yijun saw that the construction site had begun to advance as scheduled, and said with emotion.

"Your Majesty, this is steel concrete, not civil engineering." Wang Chonggu corrected the emperor's statement.

Scholars are very good at chewing words, and they don't even have civil engineering.

Zhu Yijun laughed directly, shook his head and said, "Da Sikou let's talk about the clan party." ”

Among the criminals executed this time was Wang Chonggu's cousin Wang Chongya, who was indeed an out-and-out clan party, and the person who presided over the prison was Wang Chonggu, and Wang Chonggu killed his relatives in righteousness.

To conclude anything, it is necessary to sum up, sum up experience and lessons, and prevent the recurrence of past mistakes, and Zhu Yijun asked Wang Chonggu himself to sum up the lessons and lessons, which can be said to have found the right master, and Wang Chonggu has a deep understanding.

"Clans, Imperial Examinations, and Politics." Wang Chonggu saw that the little emperor finally asked, and talked about the relationship between the three.

"Local clans, linked by blood and geographical ties, played an important role in the rise of regional merchant gangs. The high degree of binding of clans and merchants will inevitably lead to the integration of scholars and merchants, which is not only in Shanxi, Shaanxi, but also in Nanya, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Liangguang in the Ming Dynasty. ”

"Merchants seek wealth and profit, out of the practical needs of the survival and development of the clan, after the completion of the integration of scholars and merchants, the clan giants will take the imperial examination as the primary choice of their children, the imperial examination, can be combined with the businessman and the bureaucracy who has grasped the power, so that the clan power infiltrates the local power, and even the Jingtang and Wenhua Palace."

"There are Yang Bo, Wang Chonggu, Zhang Siwei, Ma Ziqiang and others in the court, and the Jingtang is full of party henchmen such as the same list, fellow villagers, fellow teachers, in-laws, etc., which directly affects the decision-making of the imperial court."

"The integration of scholars and businessmen, relying on the power of the imperial examination, went one step further and became a collective of bureaucrats and businessmen to achieve the goal of feudalism."

"In the locality, under appeasement, with the power of Jingtang, this collective has already become the existence of the king of the mountain, which is the danger of the feudal feudal town; And because power is in the hands of the bureaucracy, power is the hub that links the local magnates, and is the root of the evils of appeasement; And businessmen often control the vast majority of the means of production and act as a tiger. ”

"The local officials and clans are in collusion, and they would rather resist the edicts of the imperial court than dare to hang on the slander of the customs; It is better to violate the law and discipline of the public than to violate the private request. ”

"From the bottom up, the imperial court has nothing to do, this is the relationship between clans, imperial examinations and politics."

Wang Chonggu himself is a member of the clan party, and he is very well aware of this phenomenon of the clan party, which is a collective in which power and the means of production are closely combined, and its fundamental purpose is feudalism, or more precisely, feudal towns.

"When the new Zheng Gong was in the court, he said that it was necessary to look at the present, and the energy must be valuable, the plan must be expensive, the profit must be expensive, and the law must be expensive, so what caused the formation of the clan party, and what are the causes of his society?" Zhu Yijun continued to inquire about the phenomenon of feudal bureaucratic capital formed by the collusion between officials and powerful tycoons, and he wanted to know the cause of this phenomenon.

What is feudal bureaucratic capital? It is a net, a network of regional political and business relations constructed on the basis of clans, a network of harmonious means of production and power, and a net that is enough to resist the clear decree of the imperial court.

Wang Chonggu thought for a long time before replying: "The birth of the clan party is thought to have two reasons. ”

"The exchange of commodities is becoming more and more frequent, and the small-scale economy and trade based on the exchange of commodities based on the family, the use of the means of production on a very small scale, the individual, and the dependence entirely or mainly on one's own labor to meet one's own living needs, is being replaced by a large-scale wage labor economy based on the use of large-scale means of production in the workshop, and the trade based on the production of commodities for exchange in a large number of handicraft workshops."

"Second, silver is essentially replacing copper coins, salt, treasure money to become the main currency of the Ming Dynasty, silver because of its own scarcity, scarce is expensive, it is born to be money, then the large-scale inflow of silver, to promote commodity trading has become frequent, and frequent commodity exchange trade, and expanded the demand for silver. So they complement each other and constantly promote each other. ”

"That's why."

Zhu Yijun kept nodding and said, "The big priest summed it up very well. So to put it into practice, the more we promote the inflow of silver, the more we smooth the road surface, and promote the exchange of goods, the more we will promote the formation of this kind of feudal bureaucratic and merchant collectives, so cutting off the inflow of silver, and even using institutional design, such as household registration and road guidance, to close exchanges in various places, seems to be able to maintain the stability of my throne? ”

The little emperor raised his doubts.

"Your Majesty, it makes sense in theory, but in fact, the cart before the horse, because the act of not eating for fear of choking to death is not in line with the general trend." Of course, Wang Chonggu knew that from the emperor's standpoint, it seemed that blocking trade exchanges, reducing the frequency of commercial exchanges, and reducing the inflow of silver could stabilize the rule of the old Zhu family.

Is that really the case?

The answer is no, the Ming Dynasty has already practiced it, Emperor Xiaozong did this, and the retro wind public opinion of the Ming Dynasty is also based on this idea. It seems that as long as the merchants are removed from this world, all the etiquette collapses, all social contradictions, and all unhappiness will disappear with the merchants.

Afraid of being choked to death, I won't eat, indeed, I won't be choked to death, but I will definitely starve to death, the Ming court was almost poor to death, and Zhang Juzheng is not afraid of the notoriety of the ministers.

Zhu Yijun kept nodding and said: "Well, the clan party is indeed common in the Ming Dynasty; The clan party power is like a pair of big hands, stretched out to the corner of the Ming Dynasty, and even extended to the Jingtang and the palace, influencing the decision-making of the imperial court, so that the social contradictions continue to intensify, and fierce conflicts erupt, the wider the hand, the more it will feed the growth of the clan party, which is complementary to each other. ”

"The reason for this is that the commodity exchange of the Ming Dynasty is constantly accelerating, and the inflow of silver has further promoted the speed of commodity exchange."

"How to solve it?"

The phenomena, the problems, and the causes are all clear, so what about the solutions?

Wang Chonggu thinks of himself as a villain who sees the wind and steers the rudder.

Wang Chonggu's self-positioning has always been very clear, he will never be smart when the leader is confused, Zhang Juzheng is the kind of guy who knows that the guy sitting on the dragon chair is very confused, and he doesn't want to make progress at all, you Zhang Juzheng has to be smart, scolding Jiajing, blocking Longqing, and teaching Wanli, this is all stupid things that Zhang Juzheng did.

Similarly, a real villain like Wang Chonggu will never hide it when the leader is smart, this is the ability of Wang Chonggu, a villain, to see the wind and steer the rudder.

Zhu Yijun doesn't think that Wang Chonggu is a monotonous villain, a monotonous villain can stop bleeding for the Ming Dynasty, can give the Ming Dynasty a land herdsman, and can make the official factory sound and impressive for the sake of the country's plan? Can you do the feat of righteous annihilation? This king Chonggu will not be passed on to the virtuous ministers in the future, who can be on it.

Although a large part of Wang Chonggu was forced to do good deeds by Zhang Juzheng, good deeds are good deeds, and no one is perfect in his heart.

For Wang Chonggu, Zhu Yijun has always looked at it dialectically, and Wang Chonggu looks at himself himself, that is, he believes that he is a villain.

The villain has the villain's way of survival, the emperor became smarter, Wang Chonggu showed his cleverness, he bowed his head and said: "How to solve it?" ”

"Mr. Yuanfu's method is to break the appeasement, rectify the rule of officials, this method is good, the method is wonderful, the name of the grass list is determined, and the bottom book is filled in to show fairness, which is very good! After breaking the appeasement and rectification of the rule of officials, the clan party, the bureaucracy at the core of the feudal bureaucracy and businessmen, and this pivot were broken. ”

"The minister doesn't have so much wisdom, the minister thinks that he can also start from the means of production, if the means of production are concentrated in the hands of the court, it doesn't need much, there are three achievements enough, then the feudal, gentry, and businessmen are the weakest link in the collective, and the soil of the merchants will be self-defeating."

Zhu Yijun looked at Wang Chonggu, Wang Chonggu looked at Zhang Juzheng, Zhang Juzheng looked at the little emperor, the three of them looked at each other, Wang Chonggu's words immediately made everyone ponder.

To break the appeasement and rectification of the rule of officials, not only from the rule of officials, but also from the means of production, this is the core logic of Wang Chonggu.

Zhang Juzheng was silent for a long time and said: "Your Majesty, it is better for this big priest to enter the cabinet early, and the minister thinks that this is very good. ”

Wang Chonggu said that the means of production include, of course, land, minerals, pastures, aquatic grasses, etc., as well as the official factories that the Ming Dynasty has been engaged in recently, which are all means of production.

"I've been approved a long time ago, but the big priest has been refusing to enter the cabinet to do things, blame me?" Zhu Yijun spread his hands and said.

Last year, the party's henchmen clamored for Zhang Siwei to enter the cabinet to do things, Zhu Yijun had already said that Wang Chonggu would enter the cabinet to do things, and his uncle and nephew were the same.

But Wang Chonggu repeatedly shirked, saying that he was old and frail, saying that he was immoral and unkind, and saying that he had not made an inch.

Wang Chonggu hurriedly said: "Your Majesty, isn't this a great project to restore the palace?" After the palace is restored. ”

Zhu Yijun agreed to Wang Chonggu's shirk, but the subject was unhappy and forcibly let Wang Chonggu enter the cabinet, and Wang Chonggu would only use illness as an excuse not to enter the cabinet to do things.

Can you still do things without entering the cabinet?

It really can.

After Xu Jie fell, Li Chunfang served as the first assistant for a few years, Li Chunfang was sick today and begged for rest tomorrow, anyway, he didn't do errands, Gao Gong and Zhang Ju were fighting in the court, Li Chunfang couldn't afford to provoke him left and right, so he could only avoid it.

Zhu Yijun stayed at the construction site for a long time, and all his proposals were vetoed by Wang Chonggu, and the little emperor's proposals, each of which was a crime of killing the head, such as the hollow of the column, such as reducing the encryption hoop, such as the filling of civil garbage, such as reducing the steel of the column, such as the backfilling of soil materials, which are all standard practices of cutting corners.

Wang Chonggu: That's 10,000 disagree!

On this soil backfill, let Wang Chonggu sweat coldly, said that after digging the foundation, buried the pillar, soil backfill, according to the design, it should be Sanqi ash soil tamping, a layer of ash and a layer of soil, layer by layer of tamping, to ensure that it will not collapse because of rain and the like.

The emperor said that a pile of soil materials directly saves time and effort.

Wang Chonggu was amazed after hearing that, according to the little emperor's practice, the three million project can be completed by hundreds of thousands!

Others are geese plucking, but the little emperor is simply a goose and takes away the geese!

Wang Chonggu also has the crime of conspiring with people, but that is before Zhang Juzheng is in the country, after Zhang Juzheng is in the country, Wang Chonggu entered the Beijing assistant Jingying Rongzheng, but after being beaten violently, Wang Chonggu's business in the yin captives stopped, Wang Chonggu is afraid of death, money can be made anywhere, and there is only one life.

According to the amnesty law of the emperor's accession to the throne, Wang Chonggu is not to blame for the mistakes he made before June of the sixth year of Longqing, after all, the emperor ascended the throne and granted amnesty to the world.

Zhu Yijun hummed a little song and left the Dingjian construction site, and went back to the side hall of Wenhua Palace.

Zhang Jin, the eunuch of the Southern Ya Army, made a lot of money by selling books, so he looked around for good books that had not been published, and he received a book, "Journey to the West, Newly Engraved Like an Official Board" written by the master of Huayang Cave, and hurriedly presented it to the imperial front.

Journey to the West, a long book of gods and demons that everyone knows, is different from later generations who identified the author of Journey to the West as Wu Chengen, in Daming, the author of this book is still the master of Huayang Cave.

Journey to the West, Zhu Yijun loves to watch it, the more he looks at it, the more he feels wonderful, and the more he looks at it, the more strange he feels.

Through the worldview of gods and demons, it reflects and exposes all kinds of darkness and decay of the Ming Dynasty, and praises the rebellious spirit and heroic behavior that challenges feudalism and decay, but this book is a solid tragedy, the Monkey King who has the courage to fight and resist, and finally becomes a Buddha who is no different from the gods and Buddhas of the sky, and has achieved positive results.

Reading books is like looking in the mirror, this Journey to the West is very much like Emperor Wanli, and it is also like Emperor Jiajing, especially Emperor Jiajing, who joined the big sect, made a big fuss in the court, reformed the old and made the new, and halfway through, he was suppressed by Wuzhishan, and finally became a monarch who ignored things and watched the world coldly.

is also a bit like Emperor Wanli, Emperor Wanli studied under Zhang Juzheng, practiced his skills, and held the strong soldiers trained by Zhang Juzheng, Qi Jiguang was the wishful golden hoop stick that Zhang Juzheng left to Emperor Wanli, but Emperor Wanli himself put on a tight spell, and finally hid in the palace, and became a saint who watched the world coldly.

"Let Mr. see, find out who wrote it, and find out to me, the grandfather who dares to be weird and angry! And there is no royal law anymore! Zhu Yijun knocked on the table and said to Feng Bao: "Engraving this book intact and letting me mention one or two sentences, no one will dare to copy it." ”

"It's a good book, and it's very important to make money."

Feng Bao bowed to the leader's order, slightly stunned, it is a good thing for the emperor to repair the province and be thrifty, but this slamming the door to the point that the palace is still being built to erase zero, this frugality is completely excessive, all blame Zhang Juzheng, every day he talks about thrift, the little emperor is so diligent and studious, this is no longer thrifty, it is a slamming door!

This book is obviously a metaphor for the yin and yang weirdness, the emperor wants to know who is in the yin and yang weirdness, but he still has to make this money!

Why should the emperor be frugal? Why did the DPRK and China form a political correctness that harshly criticized the powerful and the powerful and treated the small people well? It all starts with Zhang Juzheng's Chen Liushishu.

In the section of Chen Liushi's Gubangben, Zhang Juzheng said: [When the ministers hear about the rule of the emperor, those who want to fight outside must first settle inside. The book says: The people are the foundation of the state, and the state is solid. Since ancient times, although the time of extreme rule, it cannot be free from the trouble of Yidi and thieves. As long as the people are happy and the family is sufficient, although there are external troubles, the state is deeply rooted and there is no worry. 】

But the people were sad and confused, and the people were not able to make a living, and then Yidi and thieves took advantage of it.

The meaning of the inside is that the people are the foundation of the dynasty, and when the people live and work in peace and contentment, the dynasty will be stable.

The people can do righteousness when they settle down, but the people are embarrassed and do not do anything right.

The small people trapped in the annexation need to be appeased, and the powerful who are obsessed with the annexation must be punished, this is the core concept of Zhang Juzheng's country, and all his decrees are from the perspective of the people as the foundation of the state and the solid state of the country.

Immediately afterwards, Zhang Juzheng said bluntly: [However, the ministers steal that the overkill will pass his righteousness, and when the people are exhausted, if they don't add to the province, I am afraid they will not be able to save it. Looking forward to the emperor's remembrance of the poor people, plus the benefit of the state, where there is no urgent project, there is no benefit to requisition, everything is suspended, and he is still thrifty, thinking that he is the first in the world. 】

This sentence directly bombarded Emperor Longqing, who was addicted to luxury and pleasure in life, overkill must be overdone, the people are so poor that the family has two pants, and they have already exhausted their wealth, and it is not good to repair the province and frugality, and the dangerous situation in the world is like eggs, don't save it, just die.

Don't build a lot of buildings, don't requisition at will, be frugal and simple, be an example for the world's powerful and powerful, and be the first in the world.

The emperor is the biggest powerful man in the world, let the emperor be thrifty, then there is a foundation for the extravagance of the powerful and powerful, the emperor is so simple, the powerful and powerful people want to fish and meat for their own pleasure, then the court will have the confidence to punish, which is also the root of Zhang Juzheng's constant thinking: The emperor wants to repair the province and be frugal and simple.

Zhang Juzheng said so and did the same. As soon as Emperor Longqing ascended the throne, he was about to repair Xiangfeng Tower, but he was directly blocked back by Zhang Juzheng and Li Chunfang.

Zhang Juzheng saw it very clearly, but Emperor Longqing himself is a person who likes pleasure very much, the Ming Spring Festival Gala, a reward is more than 100,000 taels, Longqing Dynasty is not Zhang Juzheng's version, the early years of Wanli, is Zhang Juzheng's big version, thanks to Gao Gong's own stupidity, Gao Yi died of illness, Zhang Juzheng took over the dynasty alone, and started his new policy.

On weekdays, Zhang Juzheng taught the little emperor to be frugal and simple, but now, it has backfired!

The palace was burned, the emperor was too expensive, refused to repair, kept cutting the budget, and wiped a zero when approving it, but Zhang Juzheng saw the power of the boomerang.

"Motosuke really did all the bad things!" After Feng Bao took the hundred-fold chapter of the Journey to the West to Wenyuan Pavilion, he said bitterly: "Yuan Fugui is the emperor, it is very necessary to ask Your Majesty to advocate frugality, but there is no need to overkill, look at this trouble!" Your Majesty is young, and it is already very thrifty to mix steel with gold silk nanmu, and His Majesty personally took the lead in cutting corners! ”

"Where is the face of my Ming Dynasty!"

Zhang Juzheng was silent, this was indeed what he taught, and he also said that overkill must be overdone, and it is indeed a bit too much.

The three halls are indeed His Majesty's private residences, but they are also the places where the Great Dynasty will meet! It is a public weapon, it is the majesty of the imperial court, and it is where the artifact is.

"Don't say it, don't say it, go back, I'll persuade Your Majesty." Zhang Juzheng waved his hand again and again, the only thing in the world who could embarrass him was His Majesty, those two dark clouds, one was that the little emperor was too good at studying, and the other was that the little emperor had too many hobbies, these two dark clouds were getting bigger and bigger.

"I don't blame sir." Feng Bao knew that he was a little out of control, and said with sorrow: "It's also a problem of the imperial court, and Your Majesty is also poor." ”

Feng Bao can understand very well why the emperor is so thrifty, poor, just ascended the throne, the court is exhausted, and now it is wide, but he doesn't dare to spend it, and he can't blame Zhang Juzheng all.

Feng Bao patted the chapter and said, "Sir, Your Majesty wants to know who this Huayang Cave Heavenly Master is. ”

Zhang Juzheng looked at it a little and knew who wrote it, and he said with certainty: "Li Chunfang, it's him." ”

This Journey to the West is too much of a scene in the palace, in this era, it is not a cabinet, where do you know so much pomp and circumstance in the palace?

Feng Bao nodded and said: "Then you don't need to divide the account with Li Chunfang, when he gave him a special reward, the first emperor gave a special reward, there was a year to give eight people, six stones to the official every month, exempt from giving ten thousand acres of land, and also sent the lieutenant official to accompany him, since it was written by the minister of the court, then His Majesty used it, and he would not give him money." ”

"You should divide the account, you took the book written by someone for nothing, is it just for nothing?" Zhang Juzheng said tentatively.

"It's okay, Your Majesty gives him money, he dares to ask for it, he is yin and yang in the book, Your Majesty, Your Majesty hasn't settled accounts with him yet." When Feng Bao heard this, he chose to be good, since Li Chunfang wanted this money, then he came to calculate the account of His Majesty Yin and Yang.

Zhang Juzheng said with great certainty: "Li Chunfang didn't accuse Sang of scolding Huai, and scolded Chengyu, isn't this the majority?" Even Li Chunfang herself, when she was young, felt that she was the hero who turned the tide and helped the building to fall, this walked, the edge of the body began to converge, and finally became a sleek person, this Monkey King is afraid that it is the silhouette of many people, not a metaphor. ”

"His Majesty says he's a metaphor." Feng Bao said directly: "Don't divide it, just don't know who wrote it." ”

"Your Majesty." Zhang Juzheng finally knew why Feng Bao had a problem advocating thrift as soon as he entered the door.

The emperor didn't plan to know who wrote this book of gods and demons, he just wanted to make money by not giving a share, what can Zhang Juzheng do, the little emperor played this card unreasonably in order to make money.

Feng Bao took out another edict and said: "Your Majesty wants to build a pagoda for Our Lady, so that all the talented people in the world can see it." ”

The author of Journey to the West was the master of Huayang Cave in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and after Hu Shilu Xun's research, it was Wu Chengen, and some people said that it was Li Chunfang, and the author accepted the latter. Asking for a monthly pass, woo!!!!!!!

(End of chapter)