Su Xu was born in the sixth year of Kaibao. Since childhood, he has a naughty personality, he doesn't like to read, and he just knows a little carelessness. When he grows up, he is handsome, generous, and generous, and does not ask for anything in return.

When Su Xu lived in the countryside, he did not have many fields, and he planted rice all in it. Su Xu exchanged rice for rice and stored it, as much as three or four thousand stones. After the disaster year, Su Xu took out his own storage, first to the clansmen, then to his wife and mother's family, and then to the tenants and the poor, so that they could all spend the murderous year safely.

At the age of twenty-two, Li Shun rebelled and attacked Meizhou. Su Xu held a weapon to defend the city every day, and at this time his father was sick, and the thieves (or should we call it a peasant rebel?) The siege intensified. And all the people of the city wept with each other. And only Su Xu, like in peacetime, conducts funerals according to etiquette. Mother was worried, but Su Xu comforted her and said: The court will not abandon us, and the thieves will soon perish.

Su Xu married Mrs. Shi, and the Shi family was a big family in Meizhou. Mrs. Shi is kind and generous, Su Xu's mother, Mrs. Song, is more strict, and Mrs. Shi can get her favor. Su Xu had three sons, Su Xuan, Su Lian, and Su Xun. During the Qingli period, the edict set up schools in the prefectures and counties, and it was rumored that the imperial court selected talents from them, and scholars competed for admission. Su Xu smiled and said, this is a good thing. Tell your children and grandchildren not to quarrel with others. The officials have always been violent and harsh, because this incident has caused a lot of disputes, and Su Xu made a poem to ridicule this matter. Su Xu likes to drink and often sings and drinks with countrymen. When Su Jian sent the good news for the high school entrance examination, Su Xu was drunk, took out the good news and read it, and then put everything in the cloth bag, and the beef he was eating was also put into the cloth bag, let the village children carry it, and he rode a donkey. When the people of the city heard the news, they all came out to watch and laugh.

Among the gods worshiped in Meizhou, there is a god called General Mao, and the people of the state built a big temple for him, which is said to be very effective. Su Xu took about 20 village servants into the temple one day on a drunken basis, smashed the idol of the god, threw it into the stream, and then demolished the temple. Three years later, Su Jian ascended to the first, Su Xu went to Jianmen to greet him, and saw a big temple in Qijialing, entitled General Mao. Su Xu was about to take someone to demolish it again, and a temple official came to say that he dreamed of the gods crying last night, and Su Qijun came tomorrow and begged him to let go of this temple and let me receive some incense. Everyone persuaded them together before they let it go.

Su Xu only began to write poetry when he was old. According to Su Xun, he made poems very quickly and was able to write some popular poems, which have survived thousands of poems over the decades. Although the poems are not neatly written, it can be seen that he is open-minded and consistent on the outside and inside. However, none of Su Xu's thousands of poems have been handed down, and Sansu has not quoted his poems in his poems, which shows that Su Xu's poems are indeed relatively amateurish compared to others. However, the later good deeds have the saying of "five Sus", that is, Su Xu, Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Zhe.

On May 11 of the seventh year of Qingli (1047 AD), Su Xu died at home. Years later, Su Dongpo often reminisced about his grandfather. Su Dongpo's spaciousness, optimism, and naivety seem to have been born from his grandfather. Relatively speaking, Su Xu has less literary talent than Su Shi, and Su Shi has less alcohol than Su Xu.

Su Xu was the only survivor of Su Gao's nine sons. The word Zhongxian, ranked seventh, is known as Su Qijun. married Shi Shi and had three children: Su Tang, Su Lian, and Su Xun. Su Xu's "After the Genealogy Records the Second Chapter" contains: "The first son (preface) is less lonely, likes to be good and is not good at reading. Late is a poem, can be white, agile to stand, where decades to get thousands of articles, from the imperial court and county, down to the meaning of the township descendants of the fishing and governance, are seen in the poem. Zeng Gong's "Epitaph of Su Jun (Preface), a Gifted Member": "Be self-confident, be humble, be light on money, be anxious about people's diseases, and be diligent if you are not in a hurry." Su Xu was given to Dali for Su Lian Deng's court, and then he was given to the staff member Wailang, Mrs. Shi, and Penglai County Taijun. In February of the eighth year of Qingli, he was buried on the side of Xianying in Andaoli, Xiuwen Township, Meishan County.

Shi kowtowed and wept bloody. Wipe the guilt to the greatest, live day and night, do not self-contained, ask the old door of friends, Fu Nian Shi to arrest the grandfather, grandfather, Shi is twelve years old, can still remember his person. I also tasted that the ancestor wanted to ask someone to write the tomb, although he did not say that he belonged, but he privately speculated about his intentions, and wanted to get the text of Zigu. The Jingshi personnel were disturbed, and the ancestor did not expect to stop there. Woohoo, Shi Shang can't bear to say it! In April of this year, I wiped both the funeral and returned home, not buried, and occasionally read the old books at home with my younger brother, and saw that the first gentleman recorded his grandfather's deeds on several papers, as if he wanted to be a person who did not succeed in the line, and knew that his meaning was not in this. Because of my own thoughts, I am afraid that once I die, the will of the ancestors will never be fulfilled. I would like to present his testament, roughly neat and tidy, to confer the same brother Deng Junwen covenant to the deacon. Fu Wei is sorry and happy. How can it be the luck of the orphan who is guilty of rebellion, and the ancestor is educated and pampered. Shi does not let the mourning and prayer be earnest.

This letter mentions "protecting the funeral and returning home", which should be the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Yingzong (1067 AD). In May of the second year of Zhiping, Su Dongpo's wife Wang Fu died of illness at the age of 26. In April of the following year, Su Xun died of illness. The two brothers, Su Shi and Su Che, resigned from their official positions and traveled thousands of miles to escort the Lingshu back to their hometown. Back in Meizhou, it was already April of the fourth year of Zhiping.

Su Xun (May 22, 1009 - May 21, 1066), the word Mingyun, self-named Laoquan, Han nationality, Meizhou Meishan (now Meishan, Sichuan) people. The writers of the Northern Song Dynasty, together with their sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are famous for their literature, and are known as the "Three Sus", all of whom are included in the "Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Xun is good at prose, especially good at political discussions, clear arguments, strong pen gestures, author of "Jiayou Collection" 20 volumes, and "Confession" 3 volumes, all of which have been passed down to the world together with "The Biography of Song History".

Su Xun was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan). Su Xun was not easy to read when he was young, because his father was alive and did not have the burden of supporting the family, so he was a bit like Li Bai and Du Fu's Ren Xia and Zhuang You when he was a teenager, and he traveled a lot of places. Around this year, Su Xun began to read, learning to break sentences and compose poems, but he gave up reading but did not learn it.

Su Xun married Cheng Wenying, the daughter of Cheng Wenying of Meishan Dali Temple, who was 18 years old at the time. Su Xun has not studied hard, and he travels all day long, not knowing the sorrow of life and death. Mrs. Cheng gave birth to a daughter but died before she was one year old. Su Xun has not yet studied hard, and his father "doesn't ask". Su Xun traveled to Chengdu, saw the portrait of Zhang Xianshi of Qingcheng Mountain in the Jade Bureau on the ninth day of Chongjiu, and exchanged the jade ring for a place at home.

In the first year of the Ming Dynasty of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun's mother Shi died of illness and was buried in the ancestral tomb of the Su family in Andau, Xiuwen Township, Meishan County. Su Xun went to Ouyang Neihanshu for the first time and said: "Xun is a young man who does not study, and he knows how to read at the age of twenty-five. "It's too late, not to mention that at the beginning, his attitude was not very serious, relying on his cleverness, looking at his contemporaries, they were not necessarily smarter than themselves, thinking that it was not difficult to study. But when he tried to raise people in his hometown for the first time, he unfortunately fell behind. This failure made him self-examine, and then moved out hundreds of his old works to read carefully, and couldn't help sighing: "What I have learned today is what I have not yet learned!" Angrily burned these old manuscripts, and decided to take out the "Analects", "Mencius", and Han Yuwen to re-read them from the beginning, and continue to study the books of poetry and books passed on to the hundreds of schools, throughout the ancient and modern times. He sat in his study every day and studied hard for six or seven years, vowing not to write any articles until he was mature. At this time, Su Xun was twenty-seven years old. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu made an epitaph, Zhang Fangping made a tomb table, and the history book said: "At the age of twenty-seven, I began to study angrily." ”

Su Xun's prose is clear-cut, strong, sharp, unbridled, and eloquent. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "erudition and grandeur", "vertical and horizontal, in and out of the gallop, must be built in the deep and subtle and then stopped" ("The Epitaph of Su Jun in the Main Book of Wen'an County, Bazhou"); Zeng Gong also commented on his article "Pointing to the analysis of things, primers and metaphors", "annoyance can not be chaotic, and wanton can not flow" ("Su Mingyun's Lamentation"), these statements are relatively pertinent. The artistic style is dominated by grandeur and variety. Some of the articles are known for their twists and turns. Su Xun also commented in the "Ueda Privy Secret" that his writing has both "the gentleness of the poet, the clarity and depth of the sorcerous people, the gentleness of Meng and Han, the majesty of migration and consolidation, and the simplicity of Sun and Wu". The language of his essays is simple, concise, condensed and timeless; However, sometimes it can be used to lay out the analogy, and You is good at making vivid metaphors, such as "Zhong Brother Zi Wenfu Said", which uses feng shui to compare a description of nature, which is an example.

The most prominent feature of Su Xun's prose is that the language is sharp, and the words must be in the middle of the time, mercilessly exposing and lashing out at the darkness of the Northern Song Dynasty society; But at the same time, in the process of analyzing the seriousness of the problem, Su Xun will skillfully turn the pen, dilute the gesture, change the rhythm of the article, and ease the tone of the article, so that people can accept his sharpness and euphemism, which is mostly reflected in the articles that are disadvantaged by the needle.

According to Wang Shuizhao's statistics of "New Selections and New Notes on the Eight Great Books of the Tang and Song Dynasties", the ratio of Su Xun's arguments to essays is six to one, and the ratio of words to words is ten to one, the former has about 70,000 words, and the latter has only 7,000 words. The argument must explain the truth thoroughly so that there is no room for rebuttal. In order to meet this requirement, Su Xun unabashedly admitted his love for the Warring States Zongheng family, saying "I take their skills, not their hearts", that is, to learn from the eloquence of the Zongheng family, not to learn their behavior. Columnists are often good at using extravagant techniques such as duality and comparison, so that the articles are magnificent, full of feelings, sharp, and invincible, giving people a sense of vigor and strength, and very agitating. This characteristic is mainly reflected in articles that discuss social phenomena, historical phenomena, or clarify personal opinions.

Su Xun is good at physics and good at understanding change. In his essays, the arguments are profound and the reasoning is thorough. His remarks have never been seen and unseen. On the other hand, he has a high degree of ability to control language, express profound truths in simple language, and explain the truth clearly and clearly.

Su Xun's articles are less or 100 words, more than 1,000 words, but no matter how much the article is about, whether it is about politics or soldiers, whether it is about discussing scriptures or history, Su Xun is in the structure of the article, carefully arranges and plans the article, and conceives a neat and rigorous and varied shape because of the shape of things. He is like a master architect, organically unifying the content and form of the article, and designing buildings of different styles with ingenuity.

The language of Su Xun's article, every word is beautiful, every sentence is a treasure, it is simple and concise, but also vivid and vivid, with witty words and rich connotations, and it makes people have endless aftertaste after reading. Su Xun's essay is also incisive. Su Xun advocated the study of ancient texts and opposed the flashy and strange texts; advocate that articles should be "written for the sake of doing" and "words must be in the world's faults"; Emphasize that the article should "win my heart" and write "words from the chest". He also explores the different ways of writing and the common requirements of different genres. He is particularly adept at appreciating the style and artistic characteristics of each prose from the comparison of works.

In the second year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiuzhi, a scholar of Hanlin, paid tribute, and Mei Shengyu participated in it. They looked at Su Shi's test paper and "thought it was a stranger"; He also admired Su Zhe, "and thought that he was not sorry for his family", so the brothers were the same as the first Jinshigao. Su Shi was twenty-two years old at the time, and Su Zhe was nineteen years old. Because the Su brothers went to high school together, it also caused a turmoil, and the candidates who fell behind expressed disbelief and even complained. But Sansu quickly became famous. It is in this way that the Su Zhe brothers stood out in the "slander" of the "scholars". At this time, Ouyang Xiu especially praised Su Xun's article, praised it as "the book of Sun Qingzi", and dedicated it to the imperial court. As a result, "one day the father and son faintly moved the Beijing master, and the Su article became good at the world". Many candidates are vying to read their essays and even learn their simple and ancient style. At that time, there was a proverb that said: "Su Wensheng, eat vegetable roots; Su Wen cooked, eat mutton. It is said that if you are proficient in the articles of the Three Sus, you will be able to enter the department and enjoy wealth and nobility, which shows the degree to which the articles of the Three Sus are valued by the world. It is said that when Su Zhe's brothers entered the department, Su Xun was successful with his two sons in one fell swoop, but he was a defeated general in the field, and he was touched: "Mo Dao Deng Keyi, the old man is like climbing to the sky, Mo Dao Deng is difficult, and the child is like picking up mustard." ”

Poems: "Yunxing in the Mountain", "There is Ji in the Wild", "The Calf Who Touches", "The Rising Sun", "My Guest", "Ouyang Yongshu White Rabbit", "Remembering the Mountain and Giving People", "Yan Shu", "Answering the Second Ren", "Sending Wu to the System in the Restoration of Tanzhou Two Songs", etc.

Prose: "Forty Rhymes of Yanshu", "Theory of the Six Kingdoms", "Theory of Guan Zhong", "Theory of Distinguishing Adultery", etc.

Anthology: "The Book of Quan", "Heng Theory", "Jiayou Collection", "Class Compilation Enlargement of Mr. Lao Su's Large Full Text Collection" fragments. There are 15 volumes of the popular edition, including the "Four Serials", the Shadow Song Banknote, and the "Jiayou Collection".

Su Shi, the word Zizhan, the word and Zhong, the number of Tieguandao, Dongpo layman, known as Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Po Xian, Han nationality, Meizhou Meishan (now Meishan City, Sichuan Province) people, ancestral home in Luancheng, Hebei Province, Northern Song Dynasty writers, calligraphers, gourmets, painters, historical water control celebrities.

In the second year of Jiayou, Su Shi participated in the second section of the palace examination, and gave the Jinshi and the first, and said that he was born as a Jinshi. In the sixth year of Jiayou, he should be admitted to the third class in the middle school system, and was awarded the Dali Judge and the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. Song Shenzong served in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. In the third year of Yuanfeng, he was demoted to the deputy envoy of the Huangzhou regiment because of the "Wutai Poetry Case". After Song Zhezong ascended the throne, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of waiting, and a scholar of the Ministry of Rites, and knew Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was granted amnesty and returned to the north, but died of illness in Changzhou on the way. Song Gaozong posthumously presented the Taishi; Song Xiaozong pursued "Wenzhong".

Su Shi was a leader in the literary world in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, poetry, prose, calligraphy, and painting. The text is unbridled; The theme of the poem is broad, fresh and vigorous, good use of exaggerated metaphors, unique style, and Huang Tingjian is called "Su Huang"; The word is open and open, and Xin Qiji is the same representative of the bold faction, and is called "Su Xin"; The prose writings are rich and bold, and Ouyang Xiu is called "Ou Su" and one of the "Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shishanshu, one of the "Four Song Families"; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones, dead wood, etc.

Su Shi was born on December 19 in Meishan, Meizhou, in the third year of Song Renzong Jingyou, after Su Wei, a minister of the early Tang Dynasty. Su Shi's grandfather is Su Xu, the cousin Zhongxian, and his grandmother Shi. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is the "Su Laoquan" of "Twenty-seven, Beginning to Struggle" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic". Although Su Xun worked hard, he worked hard. Su Shi's name "Shi" originally meant the handrail in front of the car, and it was indispensable to help the poor and save the needy. Su Shi is liberal by nature, straightforward, and has won the Taoist style. Good friends, good food, create a lot of food and drink, good tea, and good to travel in the mountains and forests

In the first year of Jiayou, Su Shi went to Beijing for the first time to participate in the imperial examination of the imperial court. Su Xun took the twenty-one-year-old Su Shi and the nineteen-year-old Su Zhe from the remote Xishu region to the east along the river, and entered Beijing to take the examination in the second year of Jiayou (1057). At that time, the chief examiner was Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world, and the junior examiner was Mei Yaochen, a veteran of the poetry world. These two people are determined to innovate in poetry, and Su Shi's fresh and free style shook them all at once. The title of the strategy is "The Treatise on Punishment and Reward for Loyalty", and Su Shi's "Treatise on Punishment and Reward for Loyalty" was appreciated by the chief examiner Ouyang Xiu, but because Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought that it was made by his disciple Zeng Gong, in order to avoid suspicion, he had to be second. Su Shi wrote in the article: "Gao Tao is a soldier and will kill people. Gao Tao said the third killing, and Yao said the third of You. Ou and Mei both admired his writing, but they didn't know the source of these words. and Su Shi thanked him, that is, he asked Shi, and Su Shi replied: "Why do you know the source!" After Ouyang Xiu heard this, he couldn't help but appreciate Su Shi's heroism and daring to innovate, and foresaw Su Shi's future: "This person can be said to be good at reading and using books, and he will be alone in the world in his future articles." ”

Under Ouyang Xiu's repeated praise, Su Shi became famous for a while. Every time he has a new work, it will immediately spread all over the capital. When the father and son were about to show their skills, the bad news of Su Shi's mother suddenly came. The two brothers returned to their hometown with their father to mourn. Jiayou returned to Beijing at the end of the mourning period in October of the fourth year of Jiayou, and in the sixth year of Jiayou, Su Shi should take the examination of the middle school system, which is usually called "three years of Jingcha", and entered the third class, which was the "first in a hundred years", and was awarded the Dali Judge and the judge of Fengxiang Mansion who signed the book. Four years later, he was sentenced to the Drum Temple. In the second year of Zhiping, Su Xun died of illness, and Su Shi and Su Zhe brothers returned to their hometown and kept filial piety for three years. Three years later, Su Shi returned to the court, and Wang Anshi's reform, which shook the government and the opposition, began. Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, who had appreciated him at the time, were forced to leave Beijing because of their opposition to the new law and disagreements with the new prime minister, Wang Anshi. The old rain in the court and the opposition has withered, and what Su Shi sees in his eyes is no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty years old.

In the fourth year of Xining, Su Shi wrote a book to talk about the shortcomings of the new law. Wang Anshi was very angry and asked Yushi Xie Jing to tell the emperor about Su Shi's mistakes. Su Shi then asked to go to Beijing to serve: from the fourth year of Xining to the seventh year of Xining (he was sent to Hangzhou to serve as a general judge, in the autumn of the seventh year of Xining, he was transferred to Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong) to serve as Zhizhou, from April of the tenth year of Xining to March of the second year of Yuanfeng, he was transferred to Huzhou as Zhizhou in April of the second year of Yuanfeng. Innovation and elimination of malpractices, because of the law and convenience of the people, quite a political achievement.

In the second year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi was forty-three years old and transferred to Huzhou Zhizhou. After taking office, he wrote a letter to the emperor "Huzhou Thank You Table", which was a routine matter, but Su Shi is a poet, and his pen is often emotional, even if he is an official article, he can't forget to add a little personal color, saying that he is "stupid and uncomfortable, it is difficult to follow the new entry", "the old man is not troublesome or can shepherd the small people", these words were caught by the new party, saying that he was "fooling the court and arrogant", saying that he was "resentful and angry", "reprimanding public opinion", "harboring evil intentions", satirizing the government, reckless and rude, and disloyal to the emperor, Such a great sin can be said to be more than innocent. They picked out the sentences from Su Shi's large number of poems that they thought implied irony, and for a while, there was a voice of rebellion against Su Shi in the court. On July 28 of this year, Su Shi was arrested by the officials of the Imperial Historical Observatory and sent to Beijing, where dozens of people were implicated. This is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case" of the Northern Song Dynasty (Wutai, that is, Yushitai, because it is planted with cypress trees and inhabits crows all year round, so it is called Wutai).

The huge blow of the Wutai poetry case became a turning point in his life. The New Party had no choice but to put Su Shi to death. The rescue activities were also carried out at the same time as the government and the opposition, not only many elders who had the same political views as Su Shi wrote one after another, but even some people of insight who changed the law also advised Shenzong not to kill Su Shi. Wang Anshi was retired to Jinling at that time, and he also wrote a book: "An has a holy world and kills talented people? With everyone's efforts, this poetry case was decided because of Wang Anshi's "words", and Su Shi was given a light sentence and demoted to the deputy envoy of the Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) regimental training, placed in the state, and monitored by local officials. Su Shi was imprisoned for 103 days and was on the verge of being beheaded several times. Fortunately, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the national policy of not killing scholars and doctors was established during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, and Su Shi escaped the catastrophe.

After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to the post of deputy envoy of regimental training in Huangzhou (now Huanggang City, Hubei) (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civilian self-defense forces). This position is quite low, and there is no real power, and at this time Su Shi has become disheartened after this battle, after Su Shi arrived, he was depressed, and he visited the Chibi Mountain outside the city of Huangzhou many times, and wrote down the "Chibi Fu", "Later Chibi Fu" and "Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia" and other masterpieces through the ages, in order to entrust his thoughts and feelings when he lived. Yu Gongyu led his family to reclaim a sloping land in the east of the city and farm to help make a living. The nickname "Dongpo Layman" came from at this time.

(in the seventh year of Yuanfeng), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and the fatigue of the journey, Su Shi's young child unfortunately died. Ruzhou is a long way, and the cost of the road has been exhausted, coupled with the pain of losing a child, Su Shi wrote to the imperial court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, to live in Changzhou first, and then approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died. The water network in Changzhou is staggered and the scenery is beautiful. He lived in Changzhou, where he had no worries about hunger and cold, and could enjoy the beautiful scenery, and he was far away from the political strife in the capital, and could get along with his family and many friends day and night. So Su Dongpo finally chose Changzhou as his place of death.

After all, what happens next, let's see how it will be broken down next time.