West Route: Xianyang Museum, Maoling, Qianling, Zhaoling, Yang Guifei Tomb, Tang Tomb, Huo Qubing Tomb, Taibai Mountain, Baoji Jialing River Source, Guanshan Ranch, Diaoyutai, Famen Temple

Eastern Route: Terracotta Warriors, Qin Shi Huang, Huaqing Pond, Huashan, Xi'an Banpo Ruins, Lishan Lintong Museum, Hongmen Banquet Ruins, Bian Que Tomb

South Line: Xingjiao Temple, Xiangji Temple, Du Fu Temple, Cuihua Mountain, Nanwutai, Jiawutai, Lantian Ape Man Ruins, Zhangliang Temple, Wuhou Temple, Water Cave, Zhuque National Forest Park, Wang Shun Mountain, Shuiluan, Tangyu, Jinyugou, Caotang Temple, Xianyou Temple

North Route: Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, Yan'an, the Holy Land of the Revolution, Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River, Sima Qian Temple, Qiachuan Natural Wetland, Hukou Waterfall, Yulin, Sanyuan City God's Temple, Yaowangshan Stone Carvings, Yaozhou Kiln Museum

It is said that how many dynasties built their capitals in Xi'an? It has become a historical unsolved case! What's more, in the turbulent autumn of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms at the end of the Tang Dynasty, on the site of its abandoned capital, there were fake and shoddy fake emperors? This fake emperor is the so-called "Demon King of the Mixed World" in the novel "Heroes of the Troubled Times", Emperor Cheng Shihuang of Anqing.

How many dynasties built their capitals in Xi'an have always been different. There are 11 dynasties, 12 dynasties, 13 dynasties, 14 dynasties, etc., which statement is true?

Those who hold the view of the 11 dynasties believe that the dynasties that established their capitals in Xi'an were the Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Xinmang, Former Zhao, Former Qin, Later Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang. There is no dispute about the fact that these 11 dynasties established their capitals in Xi'an.

On this basis, the Western Jin Dynasty was added to the view of the 12 dynasties, and the Emperor of Jin officially proclaimed the throne in Chang'an in the first year of Jianxing (313 AD). Although this dynasty only lasted 4 years, the fact that the Western Jin Dynasty established its capital in Xi'an is true.

Those who hold the view of the 13 dynasties affirm the 12 dynasties while adding the Eastern Han Dynasty. The last emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Han Xian, was supported by Dong Zhuo in the first year of Chuping (190 AD) and moved his capital to Chang'an. It was not until the third year of Chuping (192 AD) that Dong Zhuo was killed, and Emperor Xian left Chang'an and built the capital for 3 years, which is also a fact.

Those who hold the view of the 14 dynasties have added the Great Xia Dynasty. The existence of the Great Xia Dynasty in today's Shaanxi is an indisputable fact, and the key is whether the capital city of Wancheng (Jingbian County, Shaanxi) belongs to the category of Chang'an. Historically speaking, Chang'an is based on the Guanzhong region as the regional background, and it is of course difficult to include Tongwancheng in the scope of Xi'an. But Xi'an is also the capital of Shaanxi Province, and from this point of view, it can barely be said. But this is too far-fetched and nonsense, Tongwancheng is Tongwancheng, not in Xi'an!

There are also people who successively included the Wuzhou regime established by Wu Zetian, the Daqi regime established by the Huangchao Uprising, and the Dashun regime established by Li Zicheng's uprising into the scope of establishing the capital in Xi'an, so that the number of dynasties that established the capital in Xi'an increased to 17. However, history regards the Wuzhou regime, the Daqi regime, and the Dashun regime as unorthodox regimes.

There are two doubts about whether the Wu Zhou regime was established in Xi'an: first, whether it was an independent dynasty or a transition within the Tang Dynasty; The second is Luoyang or Chang'an City. Let's temporarily assume that it is an independent dynasty, so Wu Zetian did ascend the throne in Luoyang and ruled in Luoyang for a long time, and Chang'an only served as a companion capital. However, due to the Wu Zhou Dynasty, the foundation of the Tang Dynasty was still retained in Chang'an, and Wu Zetian also spent a considerable amount of time in Chang'an to deal with government affairs, and Chang'an was still the center of state power and the center of world political, economic and cultural exchanges. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to build the capital of Xi'an.

Although the two peasant revolt regimes were short-lived and the institutions of effective control over the state had not yet been formed, they did overthrow the two former dynasties, and in the power vacuum, these two peasant regimes played the role of the center of state power, and the regime they established in Xi'an was, to be barely speaking, a quasi-dynastic existence.

At present, the most authoritative and official view is that Xi'an established its capital in 13 dynasties, namely the Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Xinmang, Eastern Han, Western Jin, Former Zhao, Former Qin, Later Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang.

This view, while somewhat conservative, is indisputable. It is these 13 dynasties that are enough to make Xi'an (ancient Chang'an) the world's four ancient civilizations as China's premier ancient capital and ancient Rome, ancient Athens, and ancient Babylon.

However, now the capital Chang'an, which is in turmoil at the time of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, has already gone through the vicissitudes of wind and snow in the eyes of Ye Wuwu, and her body still has the scars of the past war. Although the Western Han Dynasty had built solemn and majestic royal palaces such as "Changle Palace", "Weiyang Palace" and "Jianzhang Palace" here; However, in the era of war and chaos, they are still doomed, and the meaning of "Changle Weiyang" dreamed of by the emperors has inevitably been wiped out in the swords, guns and beacons. With the change of dynasties, the imperial capital also moved east to west; However, Chang'an City is Chang'an City after all, although she was destroyed by Zhu Wen, a rebel general in the Huangchao Rebel Army, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, her geographical location and military value are still Kyoto that the world's heroes and wizards yearn for.

Just three years ago, that is, in the first year of Tang Tianyou in 904 AD, Zhu Wen Zhu Quanzhong had kidnapped Zhaozong Li Ye to move the capital to Luoyang and killed Zhaozong this year, and supported the mourning emperor Li Zhu to ascend the throne after the Yuan has been using the name of Tianyou year, but also stole timber and transported it to Luoyang, so the palace wooden pavilion in Chang'an City today still leaves traces of remnant cliffs. How could he not feel a pang of worry in his heart when he looked at these relics of Kyoto, which were far from the glory of the past? He knew in his heart that if he wanted to restore the former glory of this dilapidated ruined capital, how much time and energy would be spent to fully assist a wise and brave monarch in order to achieve it! In this era of war, it is really difficult and difficult to reach the sky.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Huangchao army was in turmoil, and there was a famine in the world. When Zhu Huang, the king of Liang, changed the king to the emperor, granted amnesty to the world, changed the name of the Tianyou year, and the country name Daliang, when he entered April of the first year of Kaiping, that is, in April 907 AD. Emperor Li Zhu (chù) of Tang Zhaoxuan Emperor is the king of Jiyin, everything is as the story of the previous generation, and the old ministers and officials of the Tang Dynasty are the same. Take Bianzhou as the Kaifeng Mansion and call it the Eastern Capital; Luoyang, the eastern capital, is the western capital; Abolish the old Xijing Chang'an, take Jingzhaoqiu as Da'an Mansion, place the National Army in Da'an Mansion, and change its name to Wei Bojun Tianxiong Army. For this reason, Chang'an was abolished and replaced by Emperor Cheng Shihuang, and he was called the "Demon King of the Mixed World". Subsequently, Emperor Zhu Wen and Zhu Quanzhong of Liang moved the king of Jiyin to Caozhou, saved it with thorns, and made the armor guard it; With the Wu'an Festival, Ma Yin was made the king of Chu. On the first day of the first day of the first month of Ding Choushuo in May of the same year, Xue Yiju, the imperial historian, was the secretary of the Chinese book and the Tongping chapter. Jiawu Shunjie made Zhao Wang Rong guard the Taishi, Tianxiong Jie made Ye Wang Luo Shaowei guard the Taifu, and Yiwu Jie Du made the king go straight and serve in the middle.

Until today, that is, after the Tang Dynasty fell in April 907 in the fourth year of Emperor Li Zhu Tianyou of the Tang Dynasty and the king of Liang was proclaimed emperor, the heroic king was built in Shuchuan and became the king. However, they never thought of it, and they had no way of knowing, that in Chang'an City, the old capital abandoned by Zhu Wen, the king of Later Liang, there was a fake and shoddy brand of the faint emperor Cheng Shihuang! Not only Wang Jian, the lord of Shu, but also Li Keyong, the king of Jin, the king of Wu, that is, Yang Wu, the king of Huainan, Qian Biao, the king of Wuyue, and Gao Jichang, the king of Nanping, and other heroes from all over the world have no way of knowing the origin of this Emperor Cheng Shihuang, let alone how the Cheng family followed the system of the previous dynasty to manage and govern his chaotic country of heaven and earth; They can only respect this Cheng family god or send an envoy to visit, and they have no right to intervene or interfere with the existence of this Cheng family. However, it was also under the circumstance that the Cheng family did not infringe on the interests of other countries, so that the princes and princes in various places did not take any action against the Cheng family for the time being.

However, Ye Harmless knew in his heart that the capital country built by the Cheng family in the old capital abandoned by others would not last long, and it would soon suffer from the disaster of world chaos; However, it was for this reason that he came to participate in the Beijing examination with a fiery heart of retribution, hoping to be selected to enter the court and do his best to make the country prosperous, and the ancient capital of Chang'an and the whole world will be greatly improved.

As the saying goes, "heroes of troubled times". Ye harmless is walking on Chang'an Avenue with a sincere heart to govern the world, staring at the wisps of stump fragments, and he thought about right and wrong, good and evil in the future. He knew in his heart that under the current situation of eunuch dictatorship and warlord power and the division of feudal towns, there must be a lofty goal and an unswerving conviction, and he must not be half-hearted, and he must not "look at Qin and Chu at dusk" and "look at the three and twilight and the fourth" to see different thoughts; Otherwise, it will be nothing and a lifetime of emptiness. Therefore, Ye Wuwu came to participate in the Beijing Palace Examination with a firm heart to "Chang'an". There is a saying that "one servant does not serve two masters", and his harmless inner wish is to be selected to enter the palace after this palace examination, so as to share the worries and solve problems for the lord of a country, and do his best to serve the country in order to govern the world.

At this time, Ye Wuwu has been immersed in the thinking of the ancient city of Chang'an for a long time. Unconsciously, he had walked through the winding alleys and alleys of the city, and now standing in front of him was the Big Wild Goose Pagoda of the Temple of Mercy and Grace, which he had longed for for a long time. Looking up at the tower, but seeing that its lines are thick and straight, clear and straight, plump and masculine, solemn and square, it really seems to be as upright and square as Yan Zhenqing's regular calligraphy! In short, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is like Yan Zhenqing's regular script; The Little Wild Goose Pagoda is like Chu Suiliang's calligraphy!

For the Big Wild Goose Pagoda of Ci'en Temple in Jinchangfang, Chang'an City, it is necessary for us to introduce it in detail. Otherwise, you don't even know what this Big Wild Goose Pagoda looks like, wouldn't you have come here for nothing?

Today, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is located in the Temple of Mercy and Grace, 4 kilometers south of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Ci'en Temple is Tang Gaozong Li Zhi for his mother to recommend the blessing and establish, the real name is Ci'en Temple Tower, because the "Ci'en Temple Sanzang Master Biography" volume three records the origin of this Ci'en Temple Tower - it is said that in the sixth to fourth centuries B.C. in the Ganges River valley in northeastern India, "Magadha has a monk temple, one day there is a group of Hongfei over, suddenly a goose leaves the feathers, falls to the ground, the monk is surprised, that the goose is the Bodhisattva, the public discusses burying the wild goose to build a tower to commemorate, hence the name. In 652, the third year of Tang Yonghui, Xuanzang, the presiding monk of Ci'en Temple, in order to protect the Buddhist scriptures brought back from India, was funded by Tang Gaozong, and built the Big Wild Goose Pagoda spread from Western civilization in the west courtyard of the temple. At the time of the initial construction, the tower of Ci'en Temple is the five-storey square tower of "outer brick and inner soil", and then in the Chang'an period at the end of Wu Zetian's reign, the tower was rebuilt into a seven-story brick tower with pure blue bricks, and at the same time, the ladder of climbing the tower was also changed to a pan road, which is the "seven-level floating massacre" often said in the mouth of monks and nuns. The so-called "saving a life is better than building a seven-level floating slaughter", that is to say, "saving a life is better than building a seven-level brick tower". When the Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Yu was in the calendar, the tower of Ci'en Temple was rebuilt into ten floors, that is, "ten-level floating slaughter"; Later, after the destruction of the smoke and war, only seven floors remained of the temple tower.

The seven-story broken tower that Ye Wuwu saw in front of him now is the Big Wild Goose Pagoda that stood at the southern end of Chang'an City at the end of the Tang Dynasty.

However, in the Ming Dynasty, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was damaged again, and the exterior was protected by adding bricks, which is the current Big Wild Goose Pagoda. The tower is 59.9 meters high. The base of the tower is 45.9 meters from east to west, 48.8 meters from north to south, 4.2 meters high, and the total height of the base and the tower body is 64.1 meters. Boy! It is 23 floors tall for a modern high-rise residential building! How can you not be amazed by the superb and wonderful architecture of the Tang Dynasty! I hope you will be able to pay homage to the face of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in your lifetime! On the south side of the tower, inlaid with Tang Taizong wrote "Tang Sanzang Holy Order" and Tang Gaozong Li Zhi wrote "Tang Sanzang Holy Religious Order" tablet two passes, in which Tang Taizong wrote the holy order is the general preface of the Buddhist scriptures translated by Master Xuanzang in 648 in the 22nd year of Zhenguan. The calligrapher is the calligrapher Chu Suiliang of the Tang Dynasty, the font is beautiful, and it is a famous stone tablet left in later generations in the Tang Dynasty. The lintel and door frame of the tower are carved with Yin lines to carve the architectural patterns of the Tang Dynasty, the picture is rigorous, the lines are strong and heroic, and it is an important material for the study of ancient Chinese architecture.

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda of Ci'en Temple has always been a landmark building in Xi'an!

The full name of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is "Big Wild Goose Pagoda of Ci'en Temple", located in the Ci'en Temple 4 kilometers south of Xi'an City, it was built in 652 A.D., according to legend, it is the first abbot of Ci'en Temple Xuanzang Master (Tang Sanzang) after returning from India, in order to worship and store Sanskrit scriptures and Buddha relics and other things personally designed and supervised the construction. Tang Gaozong and Tang Taizong wrote the "Tang Sanzang Holy Sect Preface Tablet" and "The Three Tibetan Holy Sect Preface Tablet".

Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a pavilion-type brick tower, the tower is more than 60 meters high, the base side of the tower is 25 meters long, there are seven floors, and the body of the tower is a square cone.

The whole tower is made of grinding brick joints, and the brick wall shows prismatic columns, which can clearly separate the wall openings, which has the style of traditional Chinese architectural art. There are also scenic spots such as Qujiang Pond, Xingyuan and Leyouyuan nearby, and the scenery is beautiful. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a landmark in Xi'an and a must-visit. In recent years, due to factors such as the environment in Xi'an urban area, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda has tilted by more than 1 meter.

Transportation: Take bus No. 5, No. 19, No. 21 and No. 610 to go directly.

Tickets: 20 yuan (additional 15 yuan is required to climb the tower)

This is the general situation of the ancient city of Xi'an that Ye harmless saw, so we will return to the main story -