728, Loulan Ancient City

"On the way to get married, there was a bride covered with flowers, holding half the sun in the yellow sand, leaving me with a fragrance that will never fade, and taking away my dreams day and night. Miss Loulan, where are you going? Miss Loulan, where are you going?

The road ahead is too far, and the wind is too strong in front, so it is better to stop in my tent. Miss Loulan, where are you going? Miss Loulan, where are you going?

The road ahead is too far, the wind ahead is too wild, you are the bride of my dreams. Miss Loulan, where are you going? Miss Loulan, where are you going? ”

A beautiful song that brings us to Lop Nur.

It is in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin and the northern part of Ruoqiang County in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. With an area of 3,006 square kilometers, it is the largest saltwater migration lake in China's inland flow area. In ancient times, it was called Puchanghai, Yanze, Luopuchi, and Aoze. In Mongolian, it is called Lop Nuoer, which means "to join the watery lake". Located in the southern part of the ancient Silk Road, it was the only place for the east-west traffic in ancient times, and there are still many ancient city relics along the coast.

The ancient city of Milan: It is located in the east of the Tarim Basin and the Taklamakan Desert, 40 kilometers east of Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, and is located on the road leading to Dunhuang. The city is an irregular square, with a circumference of 308 meters, which is such a small projectile city outline! The city wall is rammed, with a thickness of 6~9 meters. This wall is quite thick! As the saying goes, "This man's face is thicker than the corners of the city wall", which can be seen here! There are prominent piers in the four corners, and the north, east, and west walls are seen on the horse face. There are still gaps in the northern section of the west wall and the western section of the south wall, which are ancient doorways. Outside the south gate, a small city protrudes, 9 meters high. In the ancient city, there was a thick pile of ash at the base of the wall. The east and north walls are still broken houses, which are ancient residential houses. In the seventies of the nineteenth century, excavations and cleaning were carried out, and it was found that the houses were all flat-roofed, and some of the houses were half-buried in the ground. A large number of Tibetan wooden tablets and weapons, patent leather armor, grain and wool fabrics were unearthed. It is obviously a remnant of the late Tang Dynasty after the Tibetan invasion of Xinjiang. Near the ancient city, it stretches for about 4 kilometers from east to west, and there are many Buddhist temples and pagodas. There are also large ancient tuntian relics, irrigation canal system vertical and horizontal, reasonable layout. Some people believe that this is where the city of Yixun is located. Its name is Milan, which coincides with the name of the current famous city of Milan in Italy. So, China can proudly say: "Billion Dahlia!" You have the famous city of Milan, and my country also has a famous city and the ancient city of Milan! If you don't believe it, go check it out! I have to make you tired and vomit blood! ”

Loulan Ancient City: On the west bank of Lop Nur, Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. It is the heart meridian of the Han Dynasty leading to the south of the Western Regions, which has played an important role in the cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and was later submerged by the desert, and has the reputation of "Pompeii in the desert". In 1979 and 1980, Xinjiang archaeologists conducted several expeditions. The circumference of the ancient city is 1316 meters, and the city wall is partially remaining. There is a soil bad in the city, the wall is 1.1 meters thick, the residual height is 2 meters, sits in the north and faces south, the position is prominent, it is the main building of the whole city. There is a pagoda in the east of the city, the remnant is as high as 10.4 meters, the body of the tower is built with soil damage, wood, wicker masonry, it is the tallest building in the whole city. The southwest of the city is a residential area, which has collapsed. Most of the walls are made of two rows of red willows, with mud in the middle, reinforced with reed ropes, and then plastered with mud on the outside. The roof was also made of similar materials. There is an ancient waterway in the city, which passes through the city from northwest to southeast, which is an important material for studying the water source in the ancient Loulan city. About four or five kilometers north of the city is an ancient tower, which has been eroded by the wind. There are also some ruins, ruins and ancient tombs such as Buddhist temples and beacons around the city. There are five baht coins of the Han Dynasty, coins of the Kushan Kingdom, coins of the Tang Dynasty, fragments of Chinese and Lu scripts, fragments of silk and wool fabrics, lacquerware, woodware, jade, bronze, material beads, gold and silver rings, earrings and glassware fragments and other cultural relics, which have important reference value for the study of Sino-Western transportation, cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and the historical connection between China's frontier and the interior. Now the song "Loulan girl, where are you going?" "This girl is from the ancient city of Loulan on the west bank of Lop Nur. It is said that "since ancient times, Loulan has produced beauties, graceful and charming you", I don't know if it's true or not, I don't know how she compares to "Suzhou Beauty", "Yang (Yang) Zhou Beauty", "Qinhuai Beauty" and "Wuhu Beauty"? If you have the chance, you can run there and check it out! See if I can charm you? I'm afraid you ran there, maybe you haven't run there yet, if you don't get fascinated, you're already tired! Don't you try planes, trains, cars, motorcycles, etc.? The ancients did just that!

The ancient city of Loulan is located in the northeast of Qiangruo County, about 300 kilometers away from the county seat, located on the north-west bank of Lop Nur, 7 kilometers south bank of the Peacock River, and its geographical coordinates are 89°55'22" east longitude and 40°29'55" north latitude.

In ancient times, it was a place with abundant water and grass, flat terrain, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishing were very developed, after BC, there was a prosperous Loulan country, it was a famous Silk Road town at that time, but around the 4th century AD, this once famous country suddenly disappeared mysteriously, leaving only a piece of ruins standing quietly in the desert.

Why did the ancient kingdom of Loulan, which was once illustrious for thousands of years, mysteriously disappear? It is said to be related to the mysterious flood.

The Kingdom of Loulan is located in the northern border of Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, in Chinese mainland, west of Lop Nur and seven kilometers south of the Peacock River.

Historically, Loulan belonged to one of the 36 countries of the Western Regions, adjacent to Dunhuang, and had a close relationship with the Han Dynasty after BC. The ancient city of Loulan used to be a paradise for people to live and reproduce, surrounded by the vast Lop Nur, where people went boating and fishing on the clear blue waves surrounded by the door, hunted in the dense poplar forest, and lived in the garden of nature's gifts. In the early period of the Loulan Kingdom, the ancient city of Loulan was a political, economic and cultural center, with Dunhuang in the east, Yanqi and Yuli in the northwest, Ruoqiang and Jimo in the southwest.

The north and south of the ancient "Silk Road" diverged from Loulan, and Loulan City, which was surrounded by mountains and rivers, became a transportation hub town in the heart of Asia, and played an important role in the cultural exchanges between the East and the West. As early as 77 years before the Western Era, the Loulan area has been an oasis of developed agriculture in the Western Regions, to the Tang Dynasty, "Loulan" has almost become synonymous with remoteness, Li Bai's "Plugged Song" has the poem "I am willing to put the sword down my waist and cut Loulan directly".

However, now on the Silk Road, explorers and archaeologists can only see many collapsed walls around the ancient city of Loulan on the banks of the dry Peacock River, and the outer periphery of Loulan City, which covers an area of about 100,000 square meters, only to see the intermittent walls standing alone, the panorama is ancient and dignified, and the dilapidated building ruins in the city are lifeless, which is particularly desolate and tragic.

Loulan City not only became an important transportation hub on the Silk Road 2,000 years ago, but also confirmed that the geographical environment of Loulan was very suitable for human habitation from the Stone Age. On both sides of the lower reaches of the Peacock River, nearly a dozen newly discovered ancient human sites can see some stone balls, handmade Gaza pottery shards, bronze fragments, triangular winged copper arrowheads, animal bones, material beads and other human relics, exposed on the surface of the loess that is not completely covered by sand dunes. There are also some stone knives, stone spears, stone arrowheads, small stone leaves, stone cores, etc. from 5,000~6,000 years ago. These relics clearly show that Loulan, which is now a barren land, was indeed green and grassy from the late Neolithic period, the Bronze Age to the early Han Dynasty, and the forest coverage rate reached 40%. In the historical records, it used to be the most prosperous shopping mall in the ancient western part of our country, where the residents also planted wheat, raised cattle and sheep, and daily necessities were poplar wood, animal horns, and straw products. Why did such a prominent ancient mall disappear without a trace in such a short period of time? This is up to the experts' argumentation and exploration.

The existing Loulan ruins are roughly square, each side of the city wall is roughly about 330 meters, the urban area is roughly 1.1 square kilometers, and there are still dilapidated courtyards and towering pagodas in the city. Many ancient cultural relics have been found in the ancient city of Loulan, including various utensils and coins, and the most precious is the Jin Dynasty manuscript "Warring States Policy".

Transportation: You can start from Milan 36 Regiment, which is 74 kilometers away from Ruoqiang County, and travel 222 kilometers to the northeast, and you must constantly correct the direction with a satellite locator and compass on the road to avoid getting lost. Due to the "Yadan landform" with ditches and bumps along the way, the car can only travel about 3 kilometers per hour. At 18 kilometers from Loulan, cars cannot drive in, and you have to ride a camel or walk to get there. The journey to Loulan is very arduous, so don't go there if you don't have enough preparation. so as not to have any accidents.

The ancient city of Erqiduke: It is located on the Gobi Desert slightly east of Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, about 6 kilometers away from the county seat. The city is rectangular and divided into two parts: inside and outside. The outer city is built with pebbles, with a circumference of 720 meters, a wall width of 1.5 meters, and a residual height of 1 meter. The inner city is built with a clay wall, with a circumference of 220 meters and a width of nearly 2 meters. In the northwest corner of the inner city, there is a mound foundation site, and the excavation shows that it is the remains of an ancient Buddhist temple, and the Sanskrit Bayeux Sutra, gray pottery, and red pottery pieces written during the Gupta Dynasty in India have been unearthed, most of which are items from around the fourth century. The architectural styles of the inner and outer cities are completely different, and the layout is not harmonious, indicating that they are not remnants of the same period. According to the geographical situation and the characteristics of the stone walls of the outer city, some people believe that it may be the location of the Dianhe City in the Tang Dynasty. During the Zhenguan period, Kang Yandian, the leader of Kang Guoda, came to China, was appointed as the town envoy, and rebuilt the city to live. The Hu people became a settlement with Kang Yandian. Because the city is made of stone, it was later renamed Stone Town.

Andeyue Ruins: In the east of the Andeyue River in Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, it is a small Buddhist temple. There is a Chinese inscription embedded in the inner wall of the temple, which describes the arrival of a mainland official in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (719 AD). But alas, the monument has been stolen by the Englishman Stein. This little bunny! Ask him to come back! Li Xiangyang once said to the Japanese devils, "On the ground in China, you must not be allowed to run rampant!" How dare you steal China's treasures! Even if they are bumped into by Japanese devils, they will say, "Your conscience is greatly broken!" Give me the baby! Otherwise, yours are dead and dead! In the movie "The Last Clue of the World's Strange Case", look at how the Japanese competed for the Chinese "Peking Man Skull Fossil", and you will understand! The Japanese devils are also very envious of China's treasures! The earliest fragments of Tibetan Buddhist scriptures have also been found here, which have also been stolen by Stein! This little bunny! I'm really angry and kill me! Thinking about it, these world thieves and thieves are really hateful but helpless! If you steal it, you can steal it, and you can't chase it!

Tuyin Fengsui: on the north bank of Lop Nur in the northeast of Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. When the Han Dynasty through the Western Regions of the "Silk Road" north of the key point, for the Han Dynasty Fengsui ruins. It is rectangular, built of earth, there are wooden poles and reed torches for lifting beacons, there are garrison living rooms next to the platform, and there are many square wells for storing grain around it. Wooden tablets from the first year of Huanglong of the Han Dynasty (49 B.C.) and the fifth year of Yuan Yan (8 B.C.) have been found here, which is an important site for the study of border defense architecture in the Han Dynasty.

Ancient Tomb Valley: In Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, about 70 kilometers northwest of Lop Nur, it is an ancient resident cemetery on the north bank of the Peacock River Valley. In 1979, it was fully excavated, and there were a total of 42 ancient tombs. It can be divided into two types. One of them is a vertical pit sand chamber, with a wooden coffin type burial utensils, and the cover plate is covered with sheepskin or blankets. Most of them are single burials, with straight limbs on their backs and their heads facing east. Due to the dry climate, most of the corpses and clothing are still alive. The ancient corpse wears a peaked felt hat with feathers on the hat, and is wrapped in a plain blanket, with neck, wrists, waist or bone beads. Burial woodware, straw baskets, sheep's horns, female wooden figures, etc. Another type of tomb has similar burial customs, but there are seven rings of trees around the tomb, which is slightly later than the former. According to the "carbon C14" determination, its absolute age is about 3800 years ago! Boy! At that time, the matter that made us up was not known where to disperse. It provides authentic and reliable material information for understanding the socio-economic life and culture of the early indigenous people in the Lop Nur area.

Yadan Wonders: In the Lop Nur area of Ruoqiang County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. "Yadan" is a Uyghur language, which originally meant a steep mound, and now it is internationally used to refer to a special landform condition in a dry area. Clayey rock formation, eroded by torrents and then formed by strong wind erosion. It consists of a series of parallel "ridges" and "grooves" that elongate in the direction of the prevailing winds. From a few meters to ten meters, the elderly are hundreds of meters. The form is strange and wonderful. The most typical is the "Dragon City" in the northeast of Lop Nur, between the rolling tall mounds, the hard salt crust is widely distributed, the shape resembles a swimming dragon, all of them are northeast-southwest direction, so it is called the Dragon City. The "Dragon City" in the "Dragon City Flying General" is just a different place with the same name!