745, Beiping Taishou "Flying General Li Guang"

"The wind is roaring, the horses are barking, the Yellow River is roaring, the Yellow River is roaring......"

After two days and two nights of fast horse marching, the "Wuji Guard" and "Three Cats" Ye Wuwu finally crossed the Yellow River, crossed Lanzhou, passed Yuzhong, Dingxi, Weiyuan, Longxi, and came to Tianshui, a place he had envied for a long time five years ago. It was already early in the morning of September 14.

It was this place that he gave himself the alias of Murong Tianshui. It is nothing more than to show his inner ambition and hobbies, that is, to yearn for the world's mountains and rivers. It's just that at that time, he already knew that there was an official martial arts master in Chang'an, the capital city, who was known as the "first shot of the Beijing Division", and had named Murong Shanshui, so he named Murong Tianshui. Otherwise, his alias Murong Shanshui can also be remembered. But coincidentally, the name of this place is Tianshui, and Tianshui already contains the meaning of the world's mountains and rivers, and it is even more timely for him to take the alias Murong Tianshui.

The so-called "people have left their names, geese have left their voices", five years ago, Ye Wuwu left the alias of Murong Tianshui in this Tianshui Holy Land. Now he has come to his old place again, although it is not a revisit, but he still slows down and listens to the customs and customs on the city streets. The past few days of marching beacons, fighting with words, and fighting to break through the siege have made his mouth dry and his body tired and weak. "If you come, you will be safe", when he arrives at this holy land of water, he should have a good rest.

Walking slowly in the crowd, Murong Tianshui vaguely remembered several historic sites and places of interest inside and outside Tianshui City, which were the good places he had visited five years ago. These good places have also allowed him to spend a good time.

The tomb of Li Guang is in Shimaping, at the foot of the South Mountain, 1 km south of Tianshui City, Gansu Province. The sealed soil is about two meters high, and the tomb is engraved with "the tomb of Li Guang, the general of the Han Dynasty", which is rumored to be the mound of General Li Guang, and there are swords and clothes buried. There are stone beasts and stone horses in front of the tomb, the shape is vivid and unique, so it gets the name of the stone horse flat.

Li Guang (?) ~ 119 BC) Longxi Chengji (now Qin'an, Gansu) people, born in Tianshui, good at riding horses and archery, brave and very talented, is a famous general of the Western Han Dynasty. During the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, because of his meritorious crusade against the Xiongnu, he was dispersed and rode to serve as a permanent attendant; When Emperor Wu was the emperor, he was appointed as the Taishou of Beiping. He participated in the war against the raids of the Xiongnu nobles, and fought in Shuo Desert for more than 40 years, after more than 70 battles, and repeatedly performed miraculous feats, and the Huns called him General Fei.

Sima Qian's "Historical Records: The Biography of General Li" said: "Guangju Youbeiping, the Huns heard it, called the Han Zhifei General, avoided it for several years, and did not dare to enter the right Beiping. The so-called" Qin period, the bright moon and the Han period, the Long March has not been returned. But to make the dragon city fly will not teach Humadu Yin Mountain. "It's also General Li Guangli. Its archery skills are so good, it has left the reputation of "shooting tiger stones", and has killed the real evil tiger with arrows!

According to Sima Qian's historical biography, in the sixth year of Emperor Yuanguang of the Han Dynasty (129 BC), Li Guang took Wei Wei as his general and went out of Yanmen to attack the Xiongnu. The Huns had many soldiers, and the Guang army was defeated and captured. The Xiongnu saw that Guang was injured and sick, so they set up a rope net between the two horses, so that Guang lay in the net. After traveling more than ten miles, Guang pretended to be dead, and saw that there was a Hu'er (Hun boy) riding a fast horse beside him, but he jumped up, pushed Hu'er, took his bow, and whipped the horse to gallop south for dozens of miles to return to Han. Hundreds of Huns rode after him, and shot a number of chasing horses with a bow, and finally escaped.

It can be seen that when the Fei General Si people were defeated, they were still so brave, and when they won a great victory, what should the heroes do? It can well be imagined! Sima Qian wrote this incident into history, which can be described as a god of heroes.

The patriotic poet Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote, "General Li through the ages, captured Huerma." It is this piece of history that is written. But what makes people lament and sigh for this hero is that in the fourth year of Yuanzhan (119 BC), Li Guang attacked the Xiongnu with the general Wei Qing, and was blamed for his misconduct and committed suicide.

A generation of heroic generals finally fell into a heroic soul, isn't it regrettable? It is no wonder that the last sentence of "Yan Ge Xing" written by Gao Shi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, sighed: "You don't see the hardships of the battlefield, and you still remember General Li"!

Tomb of Flying General Li Guang

Li Guang's tomb is in Tianshui, Gansu, which is the frontier of the northern attack on the Xiongnu and the hometown of Fu Xi. When I first arrived in Tianshui, I didn't know that Li Guang's tomb was here, but when I saw the introduction of the city, I decided to go there. It's all here, how can you not look at the relics of the famous sword?

The scenery of Gansu has a characteristic, that is, there is a lack of water, all loess dry land, whether it is a small town on the hill or a city in the canyon, residents have the habit of receiving rain from the sky, otherwise there is not enough water for life. The reason why it is called the name of Tianshui is that it means "envy the water in the sky". The rivers are only the traces of thousands of years of flooding, and the only things that remain in the valley floors and ravines are trickles, which flow weakly on the dry riverbed, but they cannot fill the overall depletion. When the wind blows, the loess in the sky spreads in every inch of space around you, making passers-by breathless. The lack of water is so bad that the weeds don't grow for more than a spring and autumn, not to mention the trees. Everywhere there was bare loess, crumpled like cracked skin. Dry and hard clods of earth, rocky on the top of the mountain, the desolation has been condensed in ancient times, but the years are still carving on it. At a glance, there are no abrupt peaks on the entire plateau, and the huge valleys that have been cracked on the plains are where the city is located, because the water often accumulates in low places, and Tianshui is in a narrow valley with more water. The Weishui River runs through the city, and unlike Sichuan, the city was built in a valley because there was no uneven land, because of the need for water.

Tianshui is still very lively, Fuxi Temple is located in the depths of an alley in the downtown area, and now it has become the Tianshui City Museum, because the age is too old, except for the gossip map, there is no object related to Fuxi, it can only be used as a place to hang the ancients.

Looking for traces of the ancients in the modern city seems a little lost. When asked where Li Guang's tomb was, many taxi drivers did not know. Looking at their swaying heads, I realized that the name Li Guang had long been irrelevant to this city. After looking for a few people, a middle-aged driver said that he had been there when he was a child, and I don't know if there was anything else. I had to promise to take his car back and forth, and he looked for it, so he opened the door happily. The car walked down street after street, and finally got onto a bridge and climbed up the hillside on the edge of the city. Turning a few corners, into a residential area full of miscellaneous courtyards, I was puzzled, the driver said to find it, the car stopped at the entrance of a small school, the door hung a sign, the handwriting has long been blurred, vaguely 2 yuan / person. Collected by the reception room, due to the day off, there was no one on the campus quietly, and the driver and I went straight in. It was great to save 2 yuan per person.

This is the courtyard like a hope primary school, the conditions are very simple, the low and thin school building is crowded on the side of the earthen wall not far away, in the middle is a small piece of yellow mud playground, we look around, finally under an old locust tree opposite the small playground, found the tomb of Li Guang, the style of the tomb is very similar to the tomb in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing during the Republic of China, look at the tombstone, only to know that the late Qing Dynasty has been rebuilt, the main body of the semi-arched stone tomb has more than one person high, standing in front of the tomb in the stele about three meters. I walked silently for a week, unable to associate my feelings with the Han Dynasty nearly 2,000 years ago, only the words "Tomb of Han General Li Guang" on the tablet faintly hinted at the bumpy life of the tomb owner Jin Ge Tiema, maybe my arrival is to break the barrier of time, to find a distance point closest to the ancients, but the Si people have passed away, empty melancholy, this melancholy is felt more intensely here.

The dense shade of the trees shades the cemetery, which is particularly cool and quiet on the hot Loess Plateau in summer, and is a safe place for the soul of Rong Ma who has suffered a lifetime. Li Guanglong was a native of Chengji in the west, Tianshui was located in the western frontier of the Han Dynasty, and after he killed himself, he may have been buried on the spot. Not far from here is the Gobi Desert.

Thinking back to the past, the desert flying sand, the sunset on the long river, galloping vertically and horizontally, bending the bow and shooting captives, and the heroic posture of the general's wisdom and courage make people sigh. Someone once said: "Li Guang is talented, unparalleled in the world", his prestige has long spread all over the government and the opposition, but his life is not very smooth. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty said, "When the son does not meet". Is it really untimely? It was when Liu Che was in power, and the national strength was growing, and he began to attack the Xiongnu in the north, expand the territory, and change the perseverance and avoidance of Emperor Wen. "Those who commit strong men will be punished even if they are far away", the accumulated strength finally gave Liu Che a chance to shine.

However, Li Guang fought more than 70 battles in his life, never led more than 10,000 soldiers, and his subordinates were all old and weak soldiers, which shows the degree of his usefulness. Then Li Guang has no talent, yes, and Emperor Wu doesn't know his talent, either. Li Guang joined the army with a good family, successively served as a regular attendant of the military cavalry, the captain of Longxi, and the commander of Lang, good at riding and shooting, wise and brave and good at fighting, and there must be a strange plan when it is in danger.

It is obvious that Emperor Wu knows his talents and does not trust or reuse them. Why? One of the most known reasons in the world is that Wei Qing and Huo Quzhi are favored by Liu Che, which is a decisive factor for Li Guang's experience, but this will never lead to his final suicide. Then let's take a look at Li Guang's life's experiences, words and deeds from the beginning, and maybe we can find some answers to his fate.

When Li Guang was young, he "rushed into the pass and passed the beast" and was brave and strategic, and his talent was unparalleled, and this "strategy and talent" refers to military and tactical, not that he treats people in the world. Why do you say this, please see, when Li Guang hit more with less several times, was occasionally captured, and dared to flee alone, but "should be beheaded, ransomed as a concubine"; hit the king of Zuoxian, 4,000 against 40,000 "the army is gone, and the return is returned", "the merit is free, there is no reward"; Until the last time, from the general Wei Qing out of the fortress, with a weak infantry brigade to meet the enemy, lost the guide, lost, and finally committed suicide because of the shame of facing the sword and pen.

From these points of analysis, it can be seen that the boss is very cold and harsh to Li Guang, and there is no expression of understanding and love. It shows that Li Guang's relationship with the upper echelons is very ordinary, and it can even be said that the upper leaders faintly dislike him. Emperor Wu once said that he was "strange", which confirmed this.

Sima Qian described in the historical records that "General Li was as contemptible as a contemptible, and he could not speak", which also hinted at his character traits. It seems that Li Guang loves his subordinates but does not get along with his colleagues, and is not good at the relationship between people and interests in the officialdom. It is also possible that he focuses on military affairs and disdains to socialize with sword and pen officials.

From the current point of view, Li Guang is a technical talent who is not good at talking. However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a person who favored and kissed, and the atmosphere of the government and the opposition at that time was naturally affected, "the general Qing wanted to make Ao and Juju be single", and when he was about to fight, Wei Qing gave the opportunity to make meritorious service to his cronies, and made Li Guangzuo a flank, which is an example.

In this environment, Li Guang's situation can be imagined. And just as the national strength is strong, Liu Che has a lot of room to employ people, and Li Guang has no chance. As in Yue Fei's era, Li Guang may still have the possibility of taking on the heavy responsibility of commanding tens of thousands of troops, of course, whether there will be Yue Fei's fate is another matter.

So in Li Guang's life, he did business, which seemed to be a pretense of justice, but it brought him countless unfair results, and its essence was unreasonable. However, when there is no background and friends in the officialdom, Li Guang took revenge on a mere tyrant for trivial matters, which proves that this person has no political vision, no far-sighted scheming, and has never reflected on his own situation. In the end, he was not made a marquis, but he said, "I don't want to be a marquis?" And stubborn? This helpless sentence added to the tragedy of his life. Although he loved his subordinates and the people, and later generations gained the reputation he deserved, he could not make up for the personal encounters caused by his character shortcomings. "Straight as a string, on the edge of the road of death; Qu is like a hook, anti-feudal. Li Guang's experience reflects the correctness of this statement.