764: VII. Military Struggle

Sun Tzu said: All the methods of using military will be ordered by the king, and it will be difficult to fight for the army by gathering the crowd and making peace. Those who are in difficulty in military struggle should take detours as straight, and take adversity as benefits. Therefore, the detour and the temptation to benefit, the descendants of the people, the ancestors to the people, this knows the right plan.

Therefore, the military is for profit, and the military is dangerous. It is not enough to raise the army and compete for profit, and if the army is commissioned and strive for profit, it will be a heavy donation. Therefore, the roll of the armor and the trend, day and night are not everywhere, double the road, a hundred miles and fight for profit, then capture the three generals, the strong first, the tired later, its law eleven and come; Fifty miles and fight for profit, then the general will be on the top, and his law will be half to; Thirty miles and for profit, two-thirds to. It is the old army that will die if it has no baggage, die if it has no food, and die if it has no accumulation.

Therefore, those who do not know the conspiracy of the princes cannot make friends; Those who do not know the shape of mountains and forests, dangers, and frustration cannot march; Those who do not guide the countryside cannot gain geographical advantages. Therefore, the soldiers are established by deception, moved by profit, and changed by dividing and merging. Therefore, it is as fast as the wind, as slow as a forest, as invading as fire, as immobile as a mountain, as difficult as a cloud, and as moving as a thunderstorm. Plundering the countryside and dividing the people, dividing the land and profits, and suspending power. The prophet's roundabout plan wins, and the law of this military struggle is also.

"Military Politics" said: "Words do not hear each other, so it is a golden drum; Seeing each other is not seen, so it is a flag. 'The man who bears the drum and the flag, so the eyes and ears of one man. If people are single-minded, the brave must not advance alone, and the cowardly must not retreat alone. Therefore, there are many fire drums in night battles, and many flags in day battles, so they become the eyes and ears of people.

Therefore, the three armies can win the spirit, and the general can win the heart. It is so vigorous and sharp, lazy during the day, and return at dusk. Therefore, those who make good use of soldiers, avoid their sharp energy, and attack their laziness, and those who control their qi are also. If you don't invite the banner of righteousness, don't hit the dignified Chen, and this person will also be a changer.

Therefore, the method of using soldiers: do not go to Gaoling, do not reverse the back hills, do not follow the north, do not attack the sharp pawns, do not eat the bait, do not stop the teacher, besiege the division must be que, and the poor should not be forced, and the method of this usage is also.

Cao Gong said: The two armies competed for victory. (Cao Cao said: The two armies are fighting for the right to win.) ）

Cao Gong said: Gather the people of the country, form a march, choose a song, and start a camp for the army.

Cao Gong said: The military gate is the peace gate, the left and right doors are the flag gates, the car is the camp is called the gate of the Yuan, the people are the camp and the people are the people, and the two armies are relative to each other for the peace.

(Don't be warn.) Cao Gong said: He was ordered from the beginning, and as for peace, it was difficult for the army to fight. (Cao Cao said: From the beginning of receiving orders to confronting the enemy, the battle for victory is the most difficult.) ）

Cao Gong said: Show the distance, speed up the reason, and the enemy will come first. (Cao Cao said: Confuse the enemy with the illusion of marching from afar, but secretly speed up the attack, so that the enemy can reach the predetermined position first.) ）

Cao Gong said: Those who take a detour will show it far; Later generations, those who came to the ancestors, know the degree, and the prophet is far and near. (Cao Cao said: The action of using a roundabout detour is to confuse the enemy with the illusion of traveling far; The reason why he arrived at his destination first was because the generals calculated accurately and mastered the strategy of turning distance into nearness in advance. ）

Cao Gong said: The good will benefit, and the bad will be in danger.

Cao Gong said: It's too late.

Cao Gong said: If you put the baggage in the baggage, you are afraid of giving it away.

Cao Gong said: No rest, no rest.

Cao Gong said: Hundreds of miles and strive for profit, non-also; The three generals were all captured.

Cao Gong said: It's frustrating.

Cao Gong said: There are many people who are close to the road, so there is no death or defeat.

Cao Gong said: Without these three, the way to death is also.

Cao Gong said: Those who don't know the enemy's plots can't make friends. (Cao Cao said: Those who do not understand the enemy's military situation and premeditation cannot make friends with him, and they cannot make friends with him.) ）

Cao Gong said: The high and noble is the mountain, the tree gathers is the forest, the trench is dangerous, the high is the obstruction, the water and grass are gradually declining, and the people who return and do not flow are Ze. Those who do not know the shape of the mountains and rivers according to the prophet army cannot be a teacher.

Cao Gong said: The soldiers are divided and united, and the enemy is the change.

Cao Gong said: Hit the emptiness. (Cao Cao said: This is because of the weak point of attacking the enemy, so it is as swift as the wind.) ）

(Qi Xu Rulin,) Cao Gong said: I don't see the benefits. (Because no benefits have been seen yet.) ）

Cao Gong said: Sickness.

(immovable as a mountain,) Cao Gong said: Shou also. (It is difficult to know like yin, and it moves like thunder.) Plundering the countryside and dividing the people. ）

Cao Gong said: Win because of the enemy. (Cao Cao said: The purpose of 'plundering the countryside and dividing the people' is to use the manpower of the enemy country to defeat the enemy.) ）

Cao Gong said: Divide the enemy's profits.

Cao Gong said: Measure the enemy and move.

Cao Gong said: Zuo's words are full of energy, then decline, and three are exhausted.

Cao Gong said: Zhengzheng, Qi also; Dignified, big also.

Cao Gong said: "Sima Fa" said: "Surround its three sides, and quell one side, so the way to show life is also." ’

"The model of war in the military battle chapter is the battle between Wei and Shu for Hanzhong. After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou and Yizhou (Chengdu), and formed a three-legged situation with Cao Cao, who fought in the Yellow River Valley, and Sun Quan, who fought in Jiangnan.

In 215 AD, after Cao eliminated the forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui in the northwest, he personally led a large army to march to Hanzhong Zhang Lu ('Wudou Midao' Zhang Tianshi Zhang Daoling's grandson and son of Zhang Heng. ), occupied Hanzhong. Hanzhong is located in Yizhou, Cao Cao's march into Hanzhong, so that Liu Bei felt that his ruling power in Sichuan and its stability were affected, and, because of the geographical location of Hanzhong is very important, Liu Bei was not willing to fall into the hands of Cao Cao, so Cao Cao and Liu Bei fought for Hanzhong.

At the beginning of the Hanzhong dispute, Liu Bei was in a disadvantageous position in the battle, but Liu Bei used 'knowing the right plan' and was good at turning unfavorable factors into favorable factors, and successfully seized Hanzhong. Forcing Cao's army to withdraw from Sichuan, he won the war and consolidated his dominance in Sichuan. Sun Wu pointed out in "The Art of War: Military Struggle" that the most difficult thing in using troops to fight lies in the objective conditions for winning battles. From the battle between Liu Bei and Cao Cao for Hanzhong, the correctness of Sun Tzu's view has indeed been confirmed. At the beginning of the battle, Cao Cao held Yangping Pass, a military stronghold, according to Hanzhong, and repelled many attacks by Liu Bei's army, leaving Liu Bei in a passive state of long-term fortification of the fortress without progress; Later, when Liu Bei seized Dingjun Mountain, another more favorable military location, the situation was completely reversed. Liu Bei changed from passive to active, from being controlled by others to being controlled by others - he was able to wait for work at ease and mobilize the Cao army, so that the Cao army was tired and ran back and forth, so that in the end he fell into a dilemma of being unable to fight. The importance of contending for the right to win is fully reflected in the resolute opposite positions of the Cao and Liu armies. The most important reason why Liu Bei was able to change from passive to active was that he was able to 'take the detour as the straight and the suffering as the benefit' at the critical moment. Under the unfavorable situation of the first battle, Liu Bei stopped the method of fighting with hard and hard, and through a long-distance detour, occupied Dingjun Mountain, another important military place, and gained the initiative in the war. After that, Liu Bei turned against the guest, mobilized the Cao army and set up an ambush to annihilate the Cao army in the movement. In the end, in the face of Cao Cao's reinforcements, Liu Bei adopted the strategy of defending the danger with the main force without fighting and disturbing his rear with guerrillas, forcing Cao's army to withdraw from Hanzhong. Therefore, we can not exaggerate to say that Liu Bei's capture of Hanzhong was obtained by using Sun Tzu's 'straightforward strategy'. ”