836, the Great Minister Gar Dongzan

In 650 A.D., Songtsen Gampo died, his son died early, and his grandson Mangsong Mangzan ascended the throne, he was still young, and the state affairs were entrusted to Lu Dongzan. This Ludongzan is Gardonzan, the prime minister of the Songtsen Gampo period, who once made great contributions to the re-annexation of Songtsen Gampo to Subi and Yangtong, and the establishment of military and political systems and divisions, the improvement of laws and foreign expansion, showing extraordinary talents; Moreover, Gardonzan also married Princess Qizun of Nepal and Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty for Songtsen Gampo, which showed his outstanding wisdom. Gardonzan's illustrious exploits laid the foundation for his family's power to pour out to Tibet.

The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty says, "Ludong (Zan) surnamed mushroom (i.e., Xue, sound

Gat, Tibetan MGA

Although he does not know the scriptures, he is serious in his temperament, he talks about military trainers, he is elegant and modest, and he is a native of Tibet, and he dominates the local area. "During the reign of Galdunzan, he conquered Lhodi (i.e., the Lhoba settlement) to the south, sent troops to Khotan to the north, and personally inspected it. In the northeast, the most prominent achievements were the defeat of Bailan and Dangxiangqiang, the annexation of Tuyuhun, and the threat of the Silk Road, the lifeblood of the Tang Dynasty's exchanges with the West.

At that time, the Tang Dynasty had just defeated the Western Turks and dredged the Silk Road, and Tuyuhun, which was sandwiched between Tang and Tibet, and guarded Qinghai, Jimo, Ruoqiang and other key passes of the southern Silk Road, became a focus of contention between Tang and Tibet. After the annexation of Bailan by Tibet, he sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty in 657 and 678 to propose marriage to the young Zanpu Mangsong Mangzan and to inquire about the will of the Tang Dynasty.

In 659, Gar Dongzan personally led his troops to attack Tuyuhun, and Dayan Mangbuzhi fought with the Tang general Su Dingfang in the "Dongdai" of Wuhai and was defeated, and Dayan Mangbuzhi himself was also killed. However, from 659 onwards, Gardonzan went to Tuyuhun every year to inspect and cultivate a pro-Tibetan force headed by Su Hegui for himself.

In 663, Gardongzan sent another large army to attack Tuyuhun and destroy it. Princess Tang Honghua, the king of Tuyuhun, led a thousand men and horses to flee to Liangzhou in the Tang realm. Although Zheng Rentai, the governor of Zhaoliang Prefecture, was the general of the march of Qinghai Road, he led the generals Dugu Qingyun and other Tunliang and Shan, and Su Dingfang, the general of Zuowuhou, was the ambassador of Anji, and the army was tempered to control its chaos. However, it was only defensive, and Tuyuhun, which had been established for 350 years, was thus annexed by Tubo, which was directly adjacent to the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty, Hexi and Longyou, and the Silk Road began to be restless.

Gardonzan also set his sights on the north and northeast until his death in 667, making annual visits to Tuyuhun. Among them, in 665, he also sent people to the Tang Dynasty to ask for peace and repair, and begged for land in Chishui for animal husbandry, which was rejected by the Tang Dynasty. In 667, Tubo conquered the 12 prefectures of "Shengqiang" set up by the Tang Dynasty and controlled most of Qinghai.

Gardonzan had five sons, the eldest of whom was Zansiruo (Zannie); The second Qin Ling, the second Zanpo, the second Si Duo, the second Bo Commentary. After the death of Gardonzan, the Qinling brothers resumed their kingdom. The first is Tsangsara (Btsa in Tibetan).

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ya) After being consulted by Zampu and the public commentators, he was appointed as the prime minister and succeeded his father. During this period, the military expansion of Tibet was further intensified, and its major achievements were mainly the capture of the four towns in the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty and the defeat of the Tang army in Qinghai.

In April 670, the Tibetan army, which had repeatedly attacked and plundered in the Western Regions, finally gained momentum and captured the eighteen states of the Western Regions. (Tang Dynasty) the four towns of Qiuzi, Khotan, Yanqi and Shule (now Kashgar, Xinjiang). In order to get rid of this crisis, attract the Western Regions army and recapture the hometown of Tuyuhun, the Tang Dynasty in the same month of the same year, "the edict took Xue Rengui, the general of the right guard, as the general of the Luosa Road, and the general of the left guard, Ashina Daozhen, and the general of the right guard, Guo Zhifeng, as the deputies, and led more than 100,000 people to ask for it. However, due to the discord between the generals and their misdemeanor, the Tang army was defeated by the Tubo army under the Qinling Department at Dafeichuan. As a result, the Tang Dynasty's desire to contain the Tibetan army in the Western Regions and restore Tuyuhun to the country failed at the same time. After that, Tang Fan fought endlessly, and the envoys kept going back and forth. But on the whole, although the Tang Dynasty had a small victory, it failed to curb the trend of internal invasion of Tibet. Moreover, the Tibetans also conquered various tribes in its eastern territory and annexed the barbarians of the Xi'er River. At that time, "Tubo harvested all the sheep and the land of Dangxiang and Zhuqiang, connected with Liang, Song, Mao, Cui and other prefectures in the east, Brahmins in the south, and captured four towns such as Qiuzi and Shule in the west, and reached the Turks in the north, with more than 10,000 miles in place. ”

After 18 years as prime minister, he died in 685. Kh Kh, the second son of Gardonzan

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g) Succeed the Prime Minister and continue military expansion. During this period, the Tang Dynasty's war against Tubo once took a turn for the better, in the first year of Wu Zetian Ruyi (692), the Tubo chief Ge Su led his Guichuan tribe to surrender, and the Emperor ordered Zhang Xuanyu, the general of the right jade guard, to lead 20,000 elite soldiers to pacify and accept it. The division entered the Dadu River, and Ge Su was captured by his country. There is also a big leader who blames more than 8,000 people of the Qiang Barbarian tribe to Zhang Xuanyu to manage the land, and requests to be attached, Zhang Xuanyu places Yechuan Prefecture with his tribe, and takes the blame for the history of the thorn, and carves the stone in the Dadu West Mountain. In the first year of longevity, in 693 AD, Wang Xiaojie, the head of the Tang Wuwei Army, broke through the people of Tubo, recovered the four towns of Qiuci, Khotan, Shule, and Xiaye, and placed the Anxi Protectorate in Qiuci, and sent troops to defend the town.

The autocratic power of the Gar family caused not only the resentment of the people who did not suffer much from the war, but also the resentment of the upper echelons of the Tibetan aristocracy, especially the hatred of Zampu. "Old Tang Book: The Biography of Tubo" said that Tubo said that the Qinling brothers were in charge of the soldiers and horses, the Qinling was in the middle, and the brothers were divided into all parties, while the Zanpo was in the east, and the Tang Dynasty was the neighbor, for more than 30 years, and was often a border trouble. The brothers of the Gar clan are all talented and strategic, and they are afraid of them.

In the second year of the Emperor's holy calendar (699), the young and adult Zampu Dusong (instrument crossbow Xi Lang) then discussed the rock and other secret maps with the minister. At that time, Qinling was outside, Zan Pu pretended to hunt, summoned troops to arrest more than 2,000 people of Qinling's pro-party and killed him, sent a messenger to summon Qinling and Zanpo, Qinling raised troops to resist, Zampu personally conscripted, Qinling's subordinates did not move, Qinling had no choice but to commit suicide, and more than 100 of his cronies committed suicide on the same day.

Zampo led thousands of his brothers, Mangbu, to the Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian sent Yu Lin Fei to the suburbs to greet him, and awarded the general of the Auxiliary State and the general of the right guard, and was crowned the king of Dejun. After his death, he gave special access to the capital of Anxi and Anxi. The Gahl clan's dictatorship in Tibet came to an end.