843, the Great Wall of Shule River

The matter of the Central Plains is here for the time being. What is the future, please continue to look down-"104, suddenly looking back, there is no way back. ”

The northern border, west of Yumen Pass, along the south bank of the Shule River, is the Great Wall that has been handed down in the Han Dynasty to defend the border. It passes through Wanyao pier, Tianqiao pier, Tuhuluo, Houkengzi, Yumen Pass, Hecang City, Harazhuor, Dongquan about 150 kilometers, enters the North Lake of Anxi County, and then goes east to the territory of Jinta County, connects Yansai, and goes north along the Ejina River, twists and turns, and is magnificent. The other direction is from Jinta, Gaotai, Zhangye, Shandan, Yongchang, Minqin, Wuwei, Gulang, Yongdeng and other counties, across the Yellow River to the east. Although the city walls have been eroded by wind and sand for more than 2,000 years, some sections are still strong and intact, standing in the Gobi. And the city wall near Yumen Pass is the best preserved. Its structure is made of local materials, and is rammed with layers of sand and gravel such as reeds, red willows, poplars and Luobuma. The highest part of the ruins is about 4 meters. The thickness of the reed layer is 5 cm, and the thickness of the gravel layer is 20 cm, and the bond is very strong, which can be described as our original concrete structure in China. The inner side of the Great Wall is high, and the beacon clay platform faces each other. The platform is based on loess, and the upper part is built with adobe, and the height reaches 10 meters. There is a small hut where the soldiers live in the dock next to the platform, equipped with bows, crossbows, swords, stones and other defensive weapons. If the enemy situation is discovered, the beacon will raise the smoke during the day, and the beacon fire will be raised at night, and the alarm will be given to each other. It is said that the wolf dung burnt smoke is the largest, so that it is easy to see in the distance, and the homeland platform is commonly known as the wolf smoke mound, also known as the beacon tower.

This is the ruins of the Great Wall of the Han Dynasty on the south bank of the Shule River in the north of Dunhuang City, which still stands in the Gobi and shoulders the heavy responsibility of defending against foreign invasion in the war years of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms.

At this moment, the Dunhuang marshal Murong Tianshui and the deputy marshal Song Kejin, as well as the generals Li Mingchao, Zhang Tianxiang, Wang Mingyi, and Zhao Ziren, and a group of six people patrolled the sentry posts, and the distant flames of war seemed to be presented in front of them again.

Right here, I don't know how many wars and killings have occurred, let alone how many hot-blooded men have shed blood and sacrificed to defend the border and west gate of the Central Plains. Thinking about the past, as soldiers in Zhenxi, they bear heavy responsibilities, and they must be loyal and wise to protect their families and defend the country, and they must not take it lightly; Otherwise, if they are negligent and fail here, they will become sinners of history and people through the ages.

Therefore, while Murong Tianshui led the troops to train the soldiers and horses, he did not relax the inspection of various checkpoints and garrison points at any time. Whether it is inside and outside Dunhuang, whether it is Yangguan, Yumen Pass, Dang River, Shule River, and Mingsha Mountain, it can be said that the entire Gobi Desert is covered with their blood, sweat and footprints. No matter how difficult the conditions are and how harsh the environment is, what is this for them as border guards? There was a saying: "Persuade the gentleman to drink a glass of wine, and there is no one in Yangguan in the west"; "Why should Qiang Di complain about the willows, the spring breeze does not pass the jade gate"; "After the Jiayu Pass, the sow is mink." …… This is the true portrayal of the literati and rioters on this side of the Western Desert for thousands of years. One can imagine how tedious this duty of guarding the border is to be. Thinking of the famous general Ban Chao in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he guarded the Gobi Desert for 31 years, empty old border passes, he spent such a long time in a harsh environment for the safety of the country and society, who can compare with future generations? If there is a little bit of bitterness and tiredness here, wouldn't it make people feel ashamed?

Looking at the winding and majestic Great Wall of the Shule River, it is reminiscent of the other seven large and small Great Walls that have played an outstanding role in the history of the Central Plains. These seven Great Walls are-

Ming Great Wall Ruins: This city wall starts from Jiayuguan in Jiayu City in the west, passes through Jiuquan, Gaotai, Linze, Zhangye, Shandan, Yongchang, Minqin, Wuwei, Gulang, Jingtai and other counties, crosses the Yellow River from Wufo Temple, stretches along the south bank of the Yellow River in Jingyuan County, until the Black Mountain Gorge, enters Ningxia at the mouth of the gorge, passes through the east wall of the river of 190 kilometers, circling and meandering, ups and downs, and reaches Shanhaiguan Pass in the east. It is about 1,000 kilometers long in Gansu, all with loess rammed thickness of 13~20 cm, and some sections of rammed earth are sandwiched between layers of wooden piles, weeds or sand tamping. It is 10 meters high, with a 1-meter-high parapet wall and a battlement. The bottom thickness is 5~6 meters, and the top width is 2 meters. The beacon tower is close to the inner side of the Great Wall, more than 10 meters high, because of the loess ramming, commonly known as the beacon pier. The base side is 6×6 meters, and the hut is built on top for the outpost. The distance between the piers is about 5 kilometers, and it is very spectacular. Passes, mountain passes, and river estuaries have all built lookouts outside the Great Wall. The city walls in Jiayuguan, Shandan, Yongchang, Gulang and other cities and counties are well preserved, standing in the Gobi Desert, the momentum is majestic, and the sight is like a dragon. As for the other general remnants, the height is 1~7 meters, passing through the farmland section, intermittently, and the ruins still exist.

Lintao Qin Great Wall: Its westernmost point is 23 kilometers east of Lintao County, Gansu Province, Yaodian Great Wall slope. North-south direction, loess plate building, residual height of about 1 meter. It is the westward starting point of the Great Wall built by Qin after the unification of the Six Kingdoms. After that, intermittently, through Weiyuan, Longxi, Tongwei, Huining, Jingning, etc., and into Ningxia, and then back to Gansu border, Qingyang County into Shaanxi Province, over the mountains and mountains, flying across the ravines, through the desert grassland, meandering eastward, ending at the Yalu River.

Ningxia Warring States Qin Great Wall: It enters the south of Xiji County in Ningxia from Gansu, then to the northeast, after surrounding the original county seat, and then turns to the southeast, through Chengyang and other places into the territory of Zhenyuan County, Gansu, is the ancient Great Wall built by the Qin people in the Warring States period before the unification of the six countries, that is, the Qin State in 306 BC to 251 BC after the destruction of the Yiqu Rong, built to defend against the harassment of the remnants of the Yiqu. According to the topography, it was built according to local conditions, and it was rammed with soil, and there was no brick. In the flat land, take the soil outside the wall, lower than the ground to build, each rammed layer is 5~13 cm thick, the base width is 8 meters, gradually collected, the outer wall is steep, the inner wall is slowly oblique, and the soil is naturally formed a trench. In the ditch where there is a river, the steep cliff wall of the ditch is used to build a little on it. The storage height is between 1~3 meters. On the Great Wall, a pier protruding from the wall was built every 200~300 meters, and the distance was between the effective range of bows and arrows at that time. Near the Great Wall and the important passes and mountain tops through which the Great Wall passes, there are beacon ruins. It played an important role in the strength of the Qin state and its unification.

Enclosure Ancient Great Wall: In Hebei Weichang County Dai Yin (发 yi

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The Great Wall of Yanzi: Between Nanshan and the north of Toad Gou Brain in Zhangjiawan Village, Jianping County, Liaoning Province, it is about 7 kilometers long, and it is a well-preserved section of the Great Wall built by Yan in the Warring States Period in the third century BC. According to the "Historical Records: The Biography of the Xiongnu", after Yan defeated Qin Kai and broke Donghu, "Yan also built the Great Wall and made Yang to Xiangping." Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi, Liaodong County to reject Hu. "The Great Wall runs from west to east, passing through high mountains and crossing river valleys, and is majestic. The construction is adapted to local conditions, local materials, stone and stone barriers, and soil construction. Therefore, the local people are known as the stone dragon and the earth dragon. Although it has undergone more than 2,200 years of vicissitudes, it is still clearly visible. The width of the city wall is 2~2.5 meters, and the height of the store is 0.5~1.5 meters, especially the section of the north mountain of the toad ditch, the stone wall is as high as 1.5 meters, and the original structure is generally maintained.

Huayin Wei Great Wall: It starts from the Chaoyuan Cave in the west of the Yuquan Courtyard at the northern foot of Huashan in Shaanxi, undulating and winding for more than 150 kilometers, and goes straight to the edge of the Yellow River through Hancheng. During the Warring States Period, the Wei State was to defend against the strong Qin in the west, and built cities along the border as a military barrier, so it was called the Great Wall of Wei. In the territory of Huayin, Chaoyuan Cave, Hongyan, Chengnan, Hewanzi, Xiguan and other villages, there are remnants remaining, especially more than 300 meters east of Chengnan Village is the most well-preserved. The ruins of the castle are 5~6 meters high and 7~8 meters thick. There are also the remains of the fortress in the south of Xiguan Village, which is obviously a stronghold guarded by soldiers at that time.

Mulingqi Great Wall: Located on both sides of Mulingguan, 50 kilometers north of Yishui County, Shandong, it is the site of the ancient Great Wall built by the Qi people during the Warring States Period, with a length of about 45 kilometers.