852, Liupan Mountain

Let's turn around and look at Liupan Mountain in the northwest, opposite to it in the south is the city of Liupanshui, in the east of Wumeng Mountain at the junction of Yunnan and Guizhou, and in the west of Guizhou Province near the border of Yunnan. And this Liupan Mountain is also known as Longshan. It spans the three provinces and regions of today's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Shaanxi and Gansu. Its main peak is in Longde County, Guyuan, Ningxia, with an altitude of 2928m. The mountain is roughly north-south direction, about 240km long, is the boundary mountain of the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi and the Loess Plateau of Longxi, and is the watershed of the Wei River and the Jing River, with twists and turns and steep. Because since ancient times, there are six layers of road to reach the top of the mountain, so it is called Liupan Mountain. The southeast vertical (陲) of this mountain has the old dragon pond victory, which is one of the sources of Jingshui.

At the northern end of the Liupan Mountains, at the eastern foot of Mount Meru, 55 kilometers northwest of Guyuan County, Ningxia, there are the world-famous Mount Meru Grottoes. Here, the peaks and peaks, the rocks are craggy, and the winding paths are quiet, which is an ideal place for "digging fairy caves to live in Zen". Since the Northern Wei Dynasty began to dig grottoes here, until the Tang Dynasty, there are more than 130 grottoes built successively, among which there are more than 20 caves that are relatively intact, respectively placed in the local people call the big Buddha building, the descendant palace, the Yuanguang Temple, the peach blossom cave and other five places, meandering about 2 kilometers. According to the shape of the grotto and the characteristics of the statue, it belongs to the three caves of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the interior is square, the single room, there are multi-layer tower pillars, and one Buddha and two Bodhisattvas are carved; The eight caves of the Northern Zhou Dynasty occupy an important position in the caves of Mount Meru. The cave chamber is square, but the central pillar has been changed into a multi-layered small niche into a large niche. The statue is mainly one Buddha and two Bodhisattvas, but the decoration is gorgeous, tall and majestic, which is rare in the statues of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the country. The Tang Dynasty caves are mostly square, the central pillar has disappeared, the Buddha seat is set up along the back three walls, and the statue in the cave is increased to one shop and seven bodies. Among them, a cave inscribed in the third year of Dazhong (849 AD), the statue of Maitreya is as high as 20 meters, showing a majestic and upright spirit. In addition, there are many inscriptions of various eras such as Tang, Song, and Western Xia, which is an important relic of Chinese cave art. The three major grottoes in China are: Dunhuang Grottoes, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes, and Datong Yungang Grottoes. If you add the Sumeru Mountain Grottoes and Tianshui Jishan Grottoes at the northern end of Liupan Mountain, it should be the five major grottoes in China!

As for the old dragon pond in the southeast border of Liupan Mountain, although it is not as exquisite as the art of the caves of Mount Meru at the far north, it is still an ancient resort with a good reputation and can be seen in the history of the Qing Dynasty. It is located more than 20 kilometers south of Jingyuan County, Ningxia, and is one of the sources of the Jing River flowing through Ningxia, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The mountains here are deep and secluded, the pines and bamboos are luxuriant, and the waterfalls roar, which is a winning place. The old dragon pond includes the upper, middle and lower three pools, the water of the pond is deep and cold, it is the place where the legendary Tang Dynasty Wei Zhengmeng killed the old dragon. The legend of the old dragon king of the Jing River mentioned in the famous book "Journey to the West" is also the old dragon pond that is one of the sources of the Jing River. In the 55th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1790), Hu Jimo was ordered by Emperor Qianlong to inspect here, and wrote "Jingshui True Source Record", which recorded that "all the soil and stone mountains experienced by Jingshui are clear and rippled, without mud and ......, which is the clarity of Jingshui, and the beginning of the belief through personal experience." This gives a scientific explanation of the reason for the clear water in the upper reaches of Jingshui.

In the second year of Baoyi of Western Xia (1227), when Mongolian Genghis Khan led the army to attack Western Xia, he had taken refuge in the Liupan Mountain of this demarcation of the mountains, and finally the Great Khan died of illness in the army, at the age of 65, lived for about 23,725 days, and did not live for 30,000 days. 365 days in a year is 52 weeks plus 1 day or 2 days in leap years, if people live for 70 years, it is 365×70+ (one leap day every 4 years, it is about 70÷4=17.5 days) = 25550 days + 17.5 days, or 70 years of human life is 3650 weeks and 17.5 days! So, let's go back and count, how many days are we still on earth? Cherish it!

The famous World War II film "The Bridge" - the Yugoslav film song "Ah! Friend! Good bye! "Ah! Wake up from a dream one morning! …… Yes! Friend! Good bye! Yes! Friend! Good bye! Yes! Friend! See you soon! See you soon! See you soon! If I die in battle, bury me on a hill! Yes! Whenever people walk by there, they say what a beautiful flower! ”

A beautiful flower in the long river of history, (1162-1227) Genghis Khan, a generation of Tianjiao, only knew how to bend the bow and shoot the eagle, and was also a wisp of heroic soul in the troubled times, and was also buried on the hill.

Temujin was born in the Mongolian Qiyan tribe of the Paljin clan. He successively defeated the Tatars, Taiwuchi, Mirqi, Zatara, Kereh, Naman, and other tribes, and unified the Mongols. In 1206, Temujin's great gathering on the banks of the Martyrdom River was promoted to the Great Khan, known as Genghis Khan. Then, he began the great conquest, successively destroying the Wuer, Western Liao, and Khorezm, and expanding his territory to Central Asia and South Russia. In 1227, he conquered Western Xia and died of illness.

According to the Secret History of the Mongols, a year before the expedition to Western Xia, Genghis Khan had already suffered from a problem with his health, and during a hunting trip, he fell from his horse and was injured, and developed a high fever. At that time, the plan to attack Western Xia had been decided, and Genghis Khan was unwell and considered retreating. However, in the process of negotiation with the envoys, the Western Xia generals made disrespectful remarks, which caused Genghis Khan to be angry and injured and could not afford to fall ill, he went out to fight with his illness, and finally although the Western Xia was destroyed, Genghis Khan also died in the military camp.

Genghis Khan made a will and formulated a battle policy: to use the feud between Song and Jin, take advantage of the Song realm, and unite the Song Dynasty to destroy the Jin Wanyan clan. And the khanate was divided among the sons, and it developed into the three khanates of Kipchak, Chahatai, and Ögedai in the future.

The descendants of Genghis Khan, to Kublai Khan, are more powerful than the other. Batu established the Kipchak Khanate in Russia, Möngke fought all the way to Hungary and was regarded as the "whip of God", and Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty and ruled the world. For a time, the Mongol Empire became the largest territorial empire in ancient history.

Yet, like a flower on the prairie, she blooms; A gust of wind blew, and she was extinguished. One generation dies, another comes again. The Mongol Empire lasted no more than 200 years.

This is also a common problem of all empires.

Man, like the flower of the prairie, she blooms, and a gust of wind blows, and she perishes again. One generation dies, and the other comes back. Metabolism, the back waves of the Yangtze River push the front waves, and the new people in the world catch up with the old people, this is the law of history.

King Anxi of the Yuan Dynasty also built a Qingxia Tower on Liupan Mountain. On October 7, 1935, China's great leader, great mentor, great commander, and great helmsman Mao. He led the main force of the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, starting from the Zhangyibao garrison in Guyuan, along the Xiaoshui River, crossing the Niutou Pass, defeating the pursuing enemy's four cavalry regiments all the way, and ascending Liupan Mountain in the afternoon of the same day. This Liupan Mountain is the last of the 18 mountains that the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army climbed after completing the world-famous 25,000-mile Long March. On this Liupan Mountain, Mao. He wrote the magnificent mountains and rivers, the famous poem "Qingping Le Liupan Mountain". His poem says:

The sky is high and the clouds are light, and the geese flying in the south are broken.

If you don't get to the Great Wall, you are not a hero, and you can only travel 20,000 yuan.

On the peak of Liupan Mountain, the red flag swept the west wind.

Today, the long tassel is in hand, when will the dragon be bound?

Then there is the words of "Long March":

The Red Army is not afraid of difficult expeditions, and thousands of rivers and mountains are just waiting for leisure.

The five ridges are soaring and the waves are thin, and the Wumeng is majestic and walks the mud pills.

The golden sand water beats the clouds and warms, and the Dadu Bridge is cold.

I like the snow of Minshan Mountain for thousands of miles, and the three armies are happy after the end.

"Some people, holding on and not leaving, are going backwards! It's tougher than a donkey! "If you don't believe me, you can look down.

Now at the beginning of the troubled times of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms after the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan army pressed the border, and Yang Neng, the deputy marshal who guarded Liupan, is now the reserve army of Zhu Weideng, the marshal of Helan, and Marshal Zhu has now led an army of 200,000 to cross the Yellow River and go straight to the front line - Helan mountains and rivers!