927, Fengqiao Ancient Town

Fengqiao Ancient Town is located at the intersection of the Grand Canal (this section is now called Shangtang River), the ancient post road and the Fengjiang River, forming two streets along the river bay - Fengqiao Street and Hanshan Temple Lane, with the river into the city, because of the water into the street, according to the temple into the town, with a unique Jiangnan water town charm.

The town was formed and flourished thanks to the ancient post road and the Grand Canal. The ancient road passing through Fengqiao connects Changmen in the east, and leads to Wangting and Wuxi in the west, and it is the traffic artery connecting Suzhou to the mainland since the Han and Tang Dynasties. In the sixth year of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty (610 AD), the Jiangnan Canal was dredged and opened, sailing straight up from Hangzhou, passing through Suzhou, crossing the Yangtze River, and reaching the Central Plains, forming the Grand Canal water system with the ancient capital Luoyang as the center and running through the north and south, which directly promoted the economic and cultural development of the areas along the river. Fengqiao is located on the water and land channels, and has become a transportation hub from south to north. Southern Song Dynasty poet Fan Chengda's poem "Fengqiao":

Zhumen white wall pillow bay stream, peach and plum speechless full of house.

The floating map on the wall is beside the road, sending people to the north and south to leave their sorrows.

Travel and rest, businessmen gathered, so that the market here is becoming more and more prosperous. On the occasion of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Shi Ying's "Heavy to Fengqiao" has the sentence "Late Park in Fengqiao City, Searching and Reminiscing the Old Tour", and Fengqiao at this time has been famous for its market.

Zheng Ruo, a Ming scholar, once recorded in "Fengqiao Danger": "From Changmen to Fengqiao, it will be ten miles, and the north and south banks are lined with houses, and the south bank is especially prosperous." All the rare goods in the Quartet, those who have never been overcome, are dazzling. Fengqiao is especially a small number of merchants, and the large trade of Shangjiang, Jiangbei, millet and cotton is salty. The guests coming and going from the north and the south are all here. He also said in the "Treatise on the Construction of the City in the West": "It is a few miles from Chang to Fengqiao; The business and people's residences are concentrated, and they are regarded as a male county in other provinces. Tang Bohu also has a poem: "Fengqiao Road outside Jinchang Gate, thousands of moonlight smoke." At that time, the prosperity of Jinchang Fengqiao was no less than that of Gusu City, so that some people proposed to expand the city in the west of Changxu.

In the Qing Dynasty, with Fengqiao as the center, it formed the largest rice bean distribution center in the country, and its prosperity even exceeded that of the "four towns in the world" at that time, Zhuxian in Henan, Jingde in Jiangxi, Foshan in Guangdong, and Hankou in Hubei. The first mansion of celebrities in the Fengqiao area, the garden pavilion forest rises from the house, such as Yin Peizhong's Songhe Hall: Ge Zai, Ge Zhouxiang's Guangju, Hui Panqing's Lengxiang Annex, Duan Yu's sojourn of a branch garden, Gu Guangzhi's Si Shi Zhai, etc., among which Yuan Tingqi's Yuyin Garden is especially good at the victory of Loutai Spring Stone. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860 AD), the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom army entered Sucheng, and the Qing army burned it, turning Shili Guantang into a scorched earth. Since then, Fengqiao has declined from a commercial center along the river in Jinchang to a suburban country town.

Since the eighties of the nineteenth century, with the development of tourism, the ancient town has been planned and constructed and the environment has been renovated, and the antique Fengqiao Historical Site Historical Materials Exhibition Hall (now known as Fengqiao Garden) and Hanshan Courtyard have been built at the east entrance of the town, as well as the cruise ship dock and parking lot, on both sides of the neat stone street, there are many shops, all kinds of handicrafts compete for beauty, and Chinese and foreign tourists are bustling. The Fengqiao bookstore at the mouth of the alley of Hanshan Temple is full of friends, and the beginning of the song is accompanied by the sound of tinkling strings, which immerses the whole ancient town in a strong water town style.

Fengqiao, in the north of Hanshan Temple, is only a hundred steps away from the mountain gate, like a crescent moon across the Fengjiang River. Fengjiang River, also known as Fengqiaotang and Fengli Xinghe, connects Xujiang River and Yuelai River in the south, and is another northward waterway of the ancient city of Suzhou and Taihu Lake. Fan Chengda of the Southern Song Dynasty "Wu County Chronicles" said, "Fengqiao, in the nine miles outside the gate, has been famous since ancient times, the north and south guests pass by, and there are people who do not rest on this bridge and inscribe the song." "Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Park" is one of the most popular famous articles; The famous singer Mao Ning's "The Sound of the Waves is Still" evolved from this poem. Zhang Hu's "Fengqiao" (a work of Du Mu's "Huai Wu Zhong Feng Xiucai") is also a widely recited masterpiece, poetry:

The grass outside Cheung Chau Garden is Xiao Xiao, but it recalls the years of travel.

Only because of the other time because of the forgetting, the twilight smoke and rain across the maple bridge.

Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote from Rong to Bashu in the west, passing through Suzhou, feeling a long way to go, and wrote a thoughtful "Sufeng Bridge", poem:

Seven years less than Fengqiao Temple, the guest pillow is still the middle of the night.

At the end of the wind and moon, he sighed lightly, and Bashan is still a thousand heavy.

There are countless works of chanting by literati and scholars in the past dynasties, and the Ming scholar Gao Qi issued this exclamation in "Bofeng Bridge":

Painting the bridge 300 reflecting the river city, the poem Fengqiao is uniquely famous.

After a few times of reminiscence, the moon fell and the bell sounded.

Fengqiao, the old bridge is used as a bridge, and the homophone is universal. Zhu Changwen of the Northern Song Dynasty pointed out in the "Continuation of the Tujing of Wu County":

Puming Zen Temple, in the west of Wu County, Fengqiao. The name of Fengqiao is far away, Du Mu's poems can taste it, and Zhang Jiyou has a must in "Evening Park". Sun Chengyou tried to build a tower here. Near the elder monk Qinglai abbot, where forty or fifty years, the decoration is complete, facing the mountain and water, you can swim. The old or mistakenly closed the bridge, now the prime minister Shi Xun hectare lives in Wumen, personally handwriting Zhang Jiyi is absolutely in the stone, and the word "maple" is correct. The "current prime minister Wang Xungong" mentioned in the text is Wang Si, a scholar at the time of Song Renzong, who once wrote the poem tablet of "Fengqiao Night Park", in the stone temple. Both Wang Si and Zhu Changwen thought that the name of the bridge was "Fengqiao". However, at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Lu Xiong had a different opinion in the "Suzhou Mansion Chronicles":

Fengqiao, go to Changmen Qili. "The Leopard Hidden Chronicles" cloud old work closed the bridge. When Wang Xun lived in Wu, he wrote Zhang Ji's poems, carved stones as "maple" Yu, and inherited them to this day. Tianping Temple has many Tang Dynasty books, and there are four characters on the back of the seal of "sealing the bridge and permanent residence". The prefect Wu Qianqian went to the temple, and Fu Shiyun "borrowed the people by the bridge to seal the bridge", and the history of the pen said, the submarine refused to change, and the letter was well-founded. Weng Fenglong also has poems, and the cloud temple has a collection of scriptures, the title "to and three years Cao Wenyu wrote, Shi Fengqiao Temple". Those who do "maple" are not. Xiong tasted the book of Buddhism, written by Cao, and it was believed that the cloud was credible. In fact, in the ancient place names of Suzhou, disambiguity is a common phenomenon. According to the "Continuation of the Tujing of Wu County" and "Wu County Chronicles", "Changmen" is also called "Changmen", "Craftsman" is also "Jiangmen", "Fengmen" and "Closed Door", all of which are examples of handy. "Fengqiao" and "Closed Bridge" are probably just the difference between the official name and the common name.

Fengqiao is a famous monument in Suzhou, and the date of its construction is unknown. The ancient bridge of the Tang Dynasty that Zhang Jiye saw when he parked at night has long been gone, and the current semicircular single-hole stone bridge was rebuilt in the sixth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1867 AD). The bridge is 39.6 meters long, 5.27 meters wide, and has a span of 10 meters. The stele of "Fengqiao Night Park" outside Hanshan Temple is still the same and still safe. Visitors can take the painting boat, walk through the bridge and cave, enjoy the quiet scenery of the ancient bridge, ancient customs, ancient towns and ancient temples on the water, and appreciate the artistic conception of "Fengqiao Night Park".

Tieling Pass, also known as Fengqiao Enemy Tower, was built in the 36th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1557 AD) by the governor of the imperial history to defend against the Japanese invaders. According to the records of Fang Zhi, in the thirty-third year of Jiajing (1554 AD), the Japanese invaders burned the area of Fengqiao in Yanmen, "burning and plundering", and "all the savings were exhausted". A year later, the Japanese invaded Fengqiao from Hushu Pass. After the heroic struggle of the soldiers and civilians of Suzhou, the thieves were finally annihilated. Ming Zheng Ruo once recorded in "Fengqiao Insurance": "The world's goods are not prosperous in Suzhou, and Suzhou goods are not prosperous in Changmen." The Japanese coveted it, and the past can be learned. Fengqiao north near shooting, Changdang, south to Tangtang, Taihu Lake. The one who is hot in the place of Kou is eleven in the city, and nineteen here. "In order to strengthen the defense of the Jinchang area, the Fengqiao enemy tower rises from the ground, "Fang Guangzhou thirteen zhang has strange, three zhang six feet high has strange, the lower base stone is the base, the four sides of the tile, the middle is three layers, covered with tiles, the side is porous, and the arrow stone cannon." In peacetime, you can climb the heights, patrol the guard, and in wartime, you can raise a cigarette to give the alarm, and the Tibetan army will hold on, and form an important military barrier to guard the west of Suzhou with the river and bridge in front of the pass.

In the ninth year of Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty (1829 AD), the building was rebuilt. The following year, the governor Tao Bo rebuilt it into Wenchang Pavilion to Chang Wenyun. The pavilion on the current iron bell was rebuilt in 1987, but the lower abutment is still the old thing of the Ming and Qing dynasties. At that time, the Fengmen Enemy Tower and the Mudu Enemy Tower were built at the same time as the Fengqiao Enemy Tower, and the Fengmen Enemy Tower had already been destroyed, and the remnants of the Mudu Building were also demolished in the 50s. Therefore, the Tieling Pass has become the only relatively well-preserved anti-Japanese building relics in Suzhou.

Tieling Pass is connected with Fengqiao, the bridge is the show of Gusu Water Town, the building shows the male of the ancient road pass, both rigid and soft, which can be called the superb scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Qing Wu Zhao "Hanshan Temple Inscription Wall" poem:

Desert clouds and low water country sky, Wujiang landscape drama is pitiful.

The smoke outside the iron bell pass is picturesque, and the people stand on the Fengqiao to count the passenger ships.

Jiangcun Bridge is in front of Hanshan Temple, opposite to the north and south of Fengqiao, lying on the Fengjiang River. On the other side of the river is the famous Xitang in the past, and there are old Fahua Nunnery, Listening to the Bell Bridge, Yuyin Nursery and other scenic spots, which used to be the place where the literati stayed in poetry and wine.

The existing granite single-hole stone bridge was rebuilt in the 45th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1706 AD) and rebuilt in the 6th year of Tongzhi (1867 AD). The bridge is 38.7 meters long, 3 meters wide and has a span of 7.4 meters. Standing on the bridge, the halls and pavilions of Hanshan Temple, spring stones, flowers and trees are vivid; Walking on the other side, you can see the temple wall through the bridge hole, and the ancient bridge treasure temple, forming a wonderful picture.