993, the egret flies in front of the Xisai Mountain

Speaking of Huzhou, it is necessary for us to give you a brief introduction:

"The egret flies in front of the Xisai Mountain, and the peach blossom flowing water is fat for mandarin fish. Green hats, green clothes, slanting wind and drizzle do not need to return. ”

The praise of the natural scenery and fishermen's fishing in a poem by the Tang poet Zhang Zhihe, "Fishing Song, Flying Egret in front of Xisai Mountain", expresses the author's yearning for a free life. The first two sentences point out the location and season of the fisherman's fishing, describe the mountains, water, birds, flowers, and fish, outline the beautiful environment of fishing, and pave the way for the characters to appear; The last three sentences describe the fisherman's state of fishing, and the "slanting wind and drizzle" in the final sentence is not only a real scene, but also has a deep meaning. The style of the whole word is fresh, the artistic conception is refined, the color is bright and soft, and the atmosphere is quiet but vibrant. This is a true portrayal of Huzhou in ancient times.

Zhang Zhihe (732-774), the same character, the first name Guiling, the name Xuan Zhenzi, the ancestral home of Jinhua in Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang), the ancestors because of "can't bear to sit and watch the people's troubles", abandoned the official and lived in seclusion in Chishan Town, Yixian County (now Qishan Town, Qimen County) Shishanwu, and moved to Runtian Zhang Village. Tang Dynasty poet.

Zhang Zhihe was able to read at the age of three, wrote articles at the age of six, and was appointed at the age of sixteen. Later, he felt the turmoil in the sea and the impermanence of life, and when his mother and wife passed away one after another, he abandoned his official position and abandoned his family and wandered the rivers and lakes. He is also in "The Wanderings of Life".

Tang Suzong once gave him a slave and a maid, called "fisherman" and "Qiaoqing", Zhang Zhihe and then lived in seclusion in the Taihu Lake basin in the east and west of Tiaoxi and Xiaxi area, flat boats and rivers, floating three rivers, pan five lakes, fishing for fun.

In the ninth year of the Tang Dynasty (774), Zhang Zhihe was invited by Yan Zhenqing, then the assassin of Huzhou, to visit Yan Zhenqing in Huzhou.

His works include 12 volumes of "Xuan Zhenzi" with 30,000 words, 15 volumes of "Dayi", five poems of "Fisherman's Words" and seven poems.

Biography:

Juvenile fame: On the first day of the first month of the twentieth year of Kaiyuan (732), Zhang Zhihe was born in the Chang'an Pavilion in the capital.

Zhang Zhihe was smart and clever in childhood, he could read at the age of three, write essays at the age of six, and read and recite.

In the twenty-seventh year of Kaiyuan (739), Zhang Zhihe followed his father to play in the Hanlin Academy, and the Song scholar of the Hanlin Academy used the Jinlin Anthology to play it, and Zhang Zhihe recited it as a good story. After hearing about it, Tang Xuanzong personally came up with a test test, Zhang Zhihe answered like a stream, Xuanzong was very surprised, and gave him a good Yanghanlin Academy.

In the sixth year of Tianbao (747), 16-year-old Zhang Zhihe was rewarded by Li Heng for his skills in Taoism, and he supplemented the household registration of Jingzhao and traveled to Taixue.

Steady steps: Tianbao ten years (751 years) Zhang Zhihe weak crown year, Taixue graduated, the crown prince Li Heng for Zhang Zhihe personally gave the royal name, changed the name Zhihe, take the same word. With his wisdom and ability, he was promoted, awarded Zuo Jin Wuwei to participate in the military, stayed in Hanlin to be used, enshrined in the East Palace, enjoyed the treatment of eight products (above), and received the affairs of Zhu Cao and the five mansions and foreign governments, copied the sentences, and printed them on paper and pen.

There is a seated statue of Zhang Zhihe.

In the eleventh year of Tianbao (752), when Zhang Zhihe and Enzhu went home to save their relatives, they assisted the local officials to eliminate traitors and thieves, and his achievements were remarkable, and he was known as "Shenzhang".

In the twelfth year of Tianbao (753), Zhang Zhihe was promoted to Hangzhou, and he was alternate for the history of Hangzhou Assassin, except for the local tyrant and bully Li Bao.

In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan raised troops against the Tang Dynasty and fell into Luoyang. Zhang Zhihe followed the crown prince Li Heng to the Lingwu area and eliminated Shuo Fang's envoys.

From the fifteenth year of Tianbao to the first year of Germany (756), Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu, and the crown prince Li Heng was located in Lingwu, which was Suzong. Zhang Zhihe and his uncle Li Mi often offered plans to Suzong, requisitioned and transferred back the Su soldiers, plotted "three places to ban four generals", defeated An Lushan on the river, and achieved a strategic victory in pacifying the Anshi Rebellion. Zhang Zhihe was promoted to the general of Zuo Jin Wuwei and enjoyed the treatment of three products.

Returning to the countryside: In the second year of Zhide (757), Zhang Zhihe was promoted from a foreign official to an internal official, and returned to Xijing as the emperor, and was crowned (the Ministry of Officials) Jin Ziguanglu Doctor, and still enjoyed the treatment of the three products. However, in order to be anxious to recover the capital division and control the main force of the internal and external situation, Suzong agreed to the harsh conditions of Hui (hé), and Zhang Zhihe strongly advised Suzong to take back his order and accept current affairs, so Zhang Zhihe "sat down and belittled Nanpu Lieutenant". In the same year, Zhang Zhi and his father Zhang You died.

In the first year of the third year of Zhide (758), Zhang Zhihe broke away from officialdom on the grounds of "family mourning".

Although Zhang Zhihe was demoted to the position of Nanpu Lieutenant, in order to establish his cronies and attract talents, plus Zhang Zhihe's mother's new funeral, after the menstrual transfer, he pardoned Zhang Zhihe and his innocence, and gave Zhang Zhihe a slave and a maid to Zhang Zhihe, and at the same time gave Zhang Zhihe and his mother as the virtuous lady of the Qin State, and gave him four sections of confession and 2,400 taels of silver, with the funds of the funeral, intending to let Zhang Zhihe return to the imperial court after the expiration of the three-year period of filial piety, and temporarily return to his hometown for later use. After Zhang Zhihe returned to his hometown, he buried his mother in the Runtian of West Wuli of Chishan Town, Qimen, personally carried the soil and worshiped the land, and settled on the side of the tomb, planted cypress into a forest, worshiped and cried day and night, and fulfilled filial piety.

In the second year of Shangyuan (761), Zhang Zhihe expired the third anniversary of his filial piety in Runtian, Qimen, and his wife Cheng died again, so he had no intention of returning to the palace. In order to escape Tang Suzong's search, he only took the fisherman and Qiaoqing, bid farewell to relatives and friends, and traveled to Huangshan, Jixi and other places. Then revisited the Wuchu landscape, and finally came to the west of Huzhou City Xisai Mountain Yuyin, calling himself a Yanbo fisherman. Here, the famous phrase "egret flies in front of Xisai Mountain, peach blossom flowing water mandarin fish fat".

Later, there is a portrait of Zhang Zhihe in the "Collection of Chinese Calligraphers and Painters of the Past Dynasties".

In the first year of Baoying (762), Zhang Zhihe was in the second year of fishing in Xisai Mountain, Huzhou. He became acquainted with Lu Yu, a tea saint who lived in seclusion in Tiaoxi, and Jiaoran, a poet and monk who lived in seclusion in Zhushan Mountain, which is adjacent to Xisai Mountain, and began to write the book "Xuan Zhenzi".

In the second year of Guangde (764), Zhang Zhihe lived in seclusion in Huzhou for the fourth year, and "Xuan Zhenzi" was written, so he changed his name to Xuan Zhenzi.

In the first year of Yongtai in the third year of Guangde (765), Zhang Zhihe lived in seclusion in Huzhou for the fifth year. The family has undergone earth-shaking changes, his ancestral name Chishan Town was changed to county governance, and was occupied by the imperial court to make a county office, and Mrs. Li died in the family, coupled with the previous depreciation, which contributed to his will to be more negative and weak, so that his outlook on life and world view have undergone great changes. Zhang Zhihe and his brother Zhang Songling were afraid that Zhihe would not return, so he built Maozhai in Shanyin County, Huijidong County, and wrote "Words of the Fisherman" to persuade Zhang Zhihe to go home. Zhang Zhihe wrote the poem "Leaving Inscriptions on the Plains", and went to Huiji Dongguo to start a land seclusion life.

In the second year of the Great Calendar (767), Zhang Zhihe lived in seclusion in Huiji Dongguo for the third year. He began to write the fifteenth volume of the "Great Easy" and wrote the "Song of Taixiao".

In the fourth year of the Great Calendar (769), Zhang Zhihe lived in seclusion in Huiji for the fifth year. After three years of hard work, he finally completed the writing of the fifteen volumes of the "Great Easy" in Huiji, which consists of fifteen volumes and 365 hexagrams.

Drowning: In the winter and December of the ninth year of the Great Calendar (774), Zhang Zhihe died of drunkenness and drowning at the age of 42 in Dongping, Huzhou.

Key Achievements:

Poetry: Zhang Zhihe is one of the earliest lyricists in the Tang Dynasty to fill in the words and have a greater influence, his "Fisherman Words" originated from the fishing song in Wu Di Wu Song, his five "Fisherman" words, especially the first one, the tone and artistic conception are completely consistent, and then lined with beautiful natural landscapes, the environment is high and far-reaching, very artistic charm, so it is widely recited. In the late Tang Dynasty, Shi Decheng's 39 poems "The Fisherman's Father" have 36 sentences and rhythms based on Zhang Zhi and "The Fisherman". Lu Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals, also has 18 poems of "The Fisherman", which not only depends on Zhang Zhi and "The Fisherman", but also directly applies them to Taoist terminology. The content of the subsequent "Fisherman" by He Ning, Ouyang Jiong, Li Xun, and Li Yu is similar. All of them are influenced by Zhang Zhihe and the words of "The Fisherman". It can be seen that it has had a great influence on later generations of poets.

The bust of Zhang Zhihe is taken from the Taoist lithography book "Biography of the Portrait of the Ancient Sage".

Zhang Zhihe's "Words of the Fisherman" came to Japan only seven years after its publication, and Emperor Saga read it and praised it, personally held a banquet at Kamo Shrine to write poems, and included it in Japanese textbooks together with Zhang Ji's "Kaedebashi Night Park". Zhang Zhihe's "Words of the Fisherman" not only influenced the history of Chinese lyrics and the style and tunes of later lyricists, but also the local operas in the Wuyue area were more or less influenced by it, and at the same time had a greater influence on overseas Han poets, which directly opened a precedent for the history of Japanese lyrics.

Taoism: Zhang Zhihe compiled his cultivation experience into a 12-volume 30,000-word "Xuan Zhenzi". "Xuan Zhenzi" imitates "Zhuangzi" and "Liezi", with hypothetical allegories to answer questions, in order to discuss the creation of heaven and earth, whether there is or not, square circle, size and other philosophical issues, is the "Tao Te Ching" in-depth and supplement, or a specific interpretation of the "Tao Te Ching", its main purpose is to absorb the Tang Dynasty Taoist Taoist heavy metaphysical thought, on the basis of explaining the Taoist theory of nothingness and mystery, such as the book to interpret "Xuanzhen" as "no self-nature, is called Xuanran; Transformation without creation is the mystery of truthfulness, and the mystery without mystery is the truth of the mystery; There is no truth but it is true, it is called the truth. Therefore, the relationship between the Tao Te Ching and the Xuan Zhenzi is one is the program and the other is the detailed rules; One is abstract and the other is concrete. Later generations called it "a mysterious work, a man among the gods".

Zhang Zhihe fishing map.

In addition, there is a record of the causes of rainbows and the artificial method of making rainbows in the outer part of "Xuan Zhenzi".

Astronomy: Zhang Zhihe's theory of the relationship between heaven and earth is quite close to the "Gaitian Theory" of ancient Chinese astronomy. The difference is that Zhang Zhihe does not think that the ground is sloping, high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Heaven and earth are intangible and void, which is in line with the "Xuanye Theory" in ancient astronomy. This is where Zhang Zhihe attracted ancient astronomy (Xuan Ye said before the end of the Han Dynasty). Further, we can see Zhang Zhihe's masterful explanation of the relationship between the sun and the moon.

Character evaluation: ● Tang Zhu Jingxuan's "Tang Dynasty Famous Paintings" Zhang Zhihe, or Yanbozi, often fishes in Dongting Lake. Wu Xing, the first Yan Lu Gongdian, knew its high festival, and gave it five songs of "Fishing Song". Zhang Nai is a scroll, with sentences to give images, characters, boats, birds and beasts, smoke waves, wind and moon, all according to its text, the song is wonderful, for the world's elegant law, deep state. …… It is not the law of painting, so the purpose is a masterpiece, and the cover is unprecedented, so the book is written.

Zhang Zhihe like.

● Tang Zhang Yanyuan's "Records of Famous Paintings of the Past Dynasties" is highly virtuous, and he painted it as "Fisherman's Song", which is very thoughtful. [

● Tang Li Deyu's "Xuan Zhenzi's Fishing Song" Deyu was in the inner courtyard, looking at Emperor Xianzong's photo, asking for a visit to Xuan Zhenzi's "Fishing Song", and sighed. Yu Shi and Xuan Zhenzi have an old age, I have heard his name early, and I feel that the Lord appreciates different love talents, and I think so, every dream of relics, now is obtained, such as a good guest. Yu play! The fisherman is virtuous and famous, and the wisdom of the fish is high, and the name is not as hidden as Xuanzhen, and there is nothing to do, and it is not poor and not reachable, and its strict light is more than that?

● Ming Dong Qichang's "Painting Purpose" in the past put the best products above the gods, and only Zhang Zhihe was worthy of the past dynasties.

● "Tang Qilu Jun" Xuan Zhen claimed to be a smoke wave fisherman, and this cover borrowed Huai's father to portray himself, and became a wonderful word. The meaning is astonishing, and there is a sense of emptiness for eternity. It is the same style as the work of Shaoling's twilight return, and it is especially wonderful, and it is sprinkled with a placket. However, Shaoling is a person from the world, and Xuanzhen is a person from the world. There are two kinds of differences in the origin of birth, the person who is born has no use for the world's mind, and the person who is born cannot be born.

Family Members:

Grandfather: Zhang Hong, Zi Hongdao, Zhang Zhi and grandfather. For the judgment of Rao's Fuliang Prefecture, he abandoned the official residence in Chishan Town, Shezhou, and his wife Wang finally took office.

Parents: Zhang Youchao, Zhang Hong's third son, Zhang Zhi and his father. Halal and good-natured, he is the author of ten volumes of "Nanhua Elephant Sayings", and eight volumes of "Chongxu White Horse Non-Horse Certificate". Successively supervised the imperial history, and the waiter of the East Palace spoke. At the end of his life, he was given a book to the Taishi.

Zhang Zhihe's mother's surname is Li, and the famous prime minister Li Mi is the younger brother of Zhang Zhihe's mother.

Brothers: Zhang Zhihe has a total of three brothers, the eldest brother is called Zhang Songling, and the second brother is called Zhang Heling.

Children: Three sons, Zhang Heng, Zhang Wei, and Zhang Qu.

Solo Works:

Works: Zhang Zhihe's main works include the 12 volumes of "Xuan Zhenzi" and the 15 volumes of "Da Yi".

"Xuan Zhenzi" according to Chen Zhensun's "Book Catalogue Solution" Yunyuan book has 12 volumes, which was incomplete in the Southern Song Dynasty, and only three volumes remain. Today, the "Daozang" is in three volumes, which is included in the Taixuan Department. and the "Synopsis of the Four Libraries" recorded one volume of this book. The book is divided into three parts, the first volume is called "Bixu", the middle volume is called "Cormorants", and the second volume is called "The Spirit of the Waves".

For the fifteen volumes of the Great Easy, see the 32 volumes of the Daozang and the Xuanzhen Lingying Treasure Sign.

Poems: There are nine poems recorded in "All Tang Poems", and four poems are recorded in the "Genealogy of the Zhang Family" collected by the descendants of Zhang Cun Pi Zhang in Qimen County, Anhui Province, a total of thirteen poems. And one of the poems "The Fisherman" in "Zhang's Genealogy" is repeated with one poem in "Quantang Poems", so that Zhang Zhihe's real poetic works have only twelve poems (7 poems and 5 words).

Zhang Zhihe's poems

"Shangsi Ri Reminiscences of Jiangnan Disaster", "Self-Song", "Plain Inscription"

"The Fisherman: August and September Reed Flowers Fly", "Empty Song", "Excessive Immortals"

"Song of Too Little", "Fisherman's Song, Egret Flying in Front of Xisai Mountain", "Fisherman, Diaoyutai Fisherman's Brown for Qiu"

"Fisherman: Fisherman in Xiaxi Bay", "Fisherman: Songjiang Crab House Master", "Fisherman: The Moon is Full in Qingcao Lake"

"Self-Narrative: The World is Difficult and Wishful Less"

Note: "Self-Song" also says that the Northern Song Dynasty Xu bowed down

(References above)

Character controversy: Although there are different opinions about the books about Zhang Zhihe's death, they all hold the view that Zhang Zhihe drowned during Yan Zhenqing's tenure as Huzhou (Yan Zhenqing was appointed to the Huzhou Assassin in November of the seventh year of the Great Calendar (772), and arrived in January of the following year (773) until August of the twelfth year of the Great Calendar (778). In what year Zhang Zhihe died,[13] there are five main theories:

Zhang Zhihe like.

1. Pan Shen's "Dictionary of Tang Five Pronoun Appreciation: A Biography of Lyricists", Hu Yunyi's "One Hundred Tang and Song Songs", Zhu Dongrun's "Selected Chinese Literary Works of the Past Dynasties", the second volume of the new edition of "Cihai" and other books or documents all believe that Zhang Zhihe died in about 810.

2. The "Great Dictionary of Taoism" published by Huaxia Publishing House says that Zhang Zhihe died in 772.

3. Chen Yaodong believes that Zhang Zhihe died in 773 according to the research of "Yan Lu Gongwen Collection: Mr. Xuan Zhenzi Zhang Zhihe Tablet" in "Tang Caizi's Biography of Zhang Zhihe" and "Examination of Zhang Zhihe's Works".

4. The "Chronicles of Yan Zhenqing" edited by the Shandong Provincial Local Chronicle Office believes that Zhang Zhihe seems to have died in the eleventh year of the Great Calendar (776).

5. Qimen Runtian's "Zhang's Genealogy" contains: "Zhang Zhihe, died in the ninth year of the Tang Dynasty (774)".

Historical records ● Yan Zhenqing "Mr. Wandering Mr. Xuan Zhenzi Zhang Zhihe Inscription"

Xingshu Zhang Zhihe "Fisherman's Song"

● Tang Chen Shaoyou "Tang Jinwuzhi and Mr. Xuan Zhenzi"

● "The Legend of the Immortals: Gen Zhenzi"

● New Tang Dynasty Books, Biography, Seclusion

● "Poetry and Turtle"

● Song Xie Jin "Runtian Zhang's Continuation Preface"

● "The Legend of Tang Caizi"

● Ming "Qi Chang Zhi Xianda Chapter"

Have you ever thought that the famous poems (divisions) of the Tang Dynasty are actually not far from us. There, there are poems and distances.