Chapter 522 Manned Spaceflight
PS: Double monthly pass, ask for a ticket
........................................................................
In order to send people into space, three conditions are required: In addition to developing a manned spacecraft, it is also necessary to have a carrier vehicle with a large carrying capacity and high reliability. As well as understanding the impact of the high-altitude environment and the flight environment on the human body, and finding effective protective measures.
In the past ten years, China has fulfilled these three conditions, and now it is time to reap the fruits. Before the Shenzhou series of spacecraft, China's space system had conducted more than a dozen simulation experiments, ten of which carried creatures, from the original guinea pigs, to monkeys and orangutans.
Because China is not short of money and technology, it has never thought of starting with small spaceships and testing them by hand. China's aerospace has been in place in one step, and it has designed a complete large spacecraft from the very beginning.
As the main spacecraft, the Shenzhou-type spacecraft is a heavy manned spacecraft with a height of 9 meters, a diameter of 5 meters, and a full load of 20 tons. Whether it is full weight or internal space, it surpasses the Apollo series of spaceships of the original space-time, and it is far more than the product of the same name of the original space-time Datu Dynasty. This is also thanks to the broad gauge promoted by China, and it is also with this kind of 2,500 mm gauge broad gauge that it is convenient to transport spacecraft with a diameter of up to 5 meters, otherwise it will have to be lifted by helicopter or built next to the launch base like the United States or Russia in the original time and space.
Of all the manned spacecraft, spacecraft is much more complex than unmanned spacecraft such as satellites, although it is the simplest one. It can be said that although the sparrow is small, it has all kinds of organs. Spacecraft have similarities with re-entry satellites, but because they are manned, many ad hoc systems need to be added to meet the diverse needs of astronauts working and living in space. For example, environmental control and life support systems, telephonic communication systems, instrumentation and lighting systems, spacesuits, manned maneuvers, and escape systems for air renewal, wastewater treatment and regeneration, ventilation, temperature and humidity control, etc.
Of course, mastering spacecraft re-entry and safe return techniques is also crucial. In particular, spacecraft should not only limit the braking overload of the spacecraft during the return process to the tolerance range of human beings, but also make its landing point more accurate than that of the re-entry satellite, so as to detect and rescue astronauts in time. This kind of accident occurred in the former Soviet Union in the original time and space, and their manned spacecraft was trapped in the icy forest and almost froze to death due to poor landing accuracy.
The Shenzhou series of spacecraft uses the most advanced technology currently mastered by China, and is divided into three sections: the propulsion module, the orbital module and the return module. Not only can they dock with each other, but hatches are reserved on all sides of the orbital module, which can be modularized and docked to form huge space structures. The orbital module is equipped with huge solar panels to provide energy, and the propulsion module is modeled after the custom, with an external fuel filling port that can be used as an additional engine after refueling.
Thanks to the use of state-of-the-art computers and a high degree of automation, the Shenzhou-type spacecraft can actually be operated automatically or remotely controlled from the ground, and the technical level is equivalent to that of the system in the late 80s. The previous Shenzhou-1 mission was to carry a Borneo orangutan and fly autonomously. The Shenzhou spacecraft is generally planned to have a crew of three people and can carry up to five people. However, this time it was the first time to carry people, so only one person was on board.
At 9:00 a.m. on September 25, under the watchful eyes of Wen Deji and other related people, the Thang Long 2 rocket spewed huge flames and thick smoke and slowly lifted into the air. With cameras and astronomical telescopes from all over the world, the Shenzhou-2 spacecraft entered the Earth's orbit at a perigee of 381 kilometers and an apogee of 423 kilometers at 9:12:53 seconds. Later, Lieutenant Colonel Huang Qi, the first astronaut of the Earth on this plane, turned on the camera in the cabin, transmitted a signal to the ground, and made a speech: "The blue earth is so beautiful. ”
On the afternoon of September 30, after a five-day flight and various artificial orbit change maneuver tests, and docking tests with the orbital module left in orbit by Shenzhou-1, the return capsule of Shenzhou-2 landed safely on the Mongolian grassland. Huang Qi climbed out of the re-entry capsule, and the heavy helicopter that searched for him successfully took him and the re-entry capsule back to the Jiuquan Space Center. The mission was a perfect success. As for the orbital module of Shenzhou-2 left in orbit, it was pushed to a slightly higher orbit of 600 kilometers by the remaining fuel, and together with the orbital module of Shenzhou-1, it was used as the basic material module for the construction of the future space station "Tiangong-1".
..............................................................................
October 5, 2778 (1937) in the central part of Anxi Province (East Kazakhstan), Hangpu Town
Located at the foot of Mount Aksolan, Hangpu is a newly established town that has been around for less than five years and takes its name from the place where the Yellow Emperor ascended to heaven. However, the town is not open to the public, and it is inhabited by the families of soldiers and scientists, and there is a high degree of secrecy. Because this is the starting point of the "bridge to the sky" - the base of the hanging garden.
Wei Ken, the host of the Tongtianqiao project, is giving a briefing on the current situation of the Tongtianqiao to Wen Desi and others.
"The starting point of the bridge is this hanging garden town, with a total length of 1,500 kilometers, a diameter of 15 meters, and the main body is 100 to 180 meters underground. The exit is on the border between Xinjiang and Monan, on a peak in the Altai Mountains, and the altitude of the exit is 3,147 meters. Wei Ken spoke eloquently.
"Mr. Wei, this bridge is too long!" At this time, a young scientist who came from the Jiuquan base couldn't help but say. "It's too expensive, it's not as good as our rockets. The price of building this bridge has exceeded 20 billion, and these funds are at least enough for us to shoot 10,000 rounds of Thang Long II rockets......"
This heroic young man is Qian Xuesen, a genius scientist who is only 26 years old this year, and he is already the chief engineer of the Rocket Research Institute. In other words, this is the exchange of the two major aerospace project teams of the "Lunar Flying Program" and the "Tongtianqiao Program".
But how to say it, as the saying goes, "peers are enemies", this can be applied to almost any industry. Although the "Moonshot Project" and the "Tongtianqiao Project" are not peers, they are both aerospace project teams, so naturally there will be disputes over funding, and even scholars with good manners will become angry rhinoceros once they encounter the matter of grabbing the budget and funds. In order to grab funds and resources, the "Running to the Moon Plan" and the "Tongtianqiao Plan" usually have no less verbal cannons, and it is normal to ridicule each other a little.
The old guys in the rocket institute didn't squeak themselves, and they intended to let Qian Xuesen and these young people come forward, anyway, Wen always attached great importance to this genius, even if he said the wrong thing, there would be no problem.
Of course, there are also people on the side of the Institute of Electromagnetism, and immediately a scientist who is about the same young as Qian Xuesen stood up to refute, the old man helped his glasses and said with a smile: "Director Qian, is it okay to ask a question?"
"Speak, please. Qian Xuesen glanced at this person, he knew that this person's name was Zhong Qijian, he was Tesla's protégé, and he was also a genius, and now he was the backbone of the Institute of Electromagnetism.
Zhong Qijian asked, "When your rocket is launched, how many times the gravitational acceleration is it?"
"As we all know, at present, when our launch vehicles are launched, if they are carrying satellites and other equipment, they are generally 8 to 10 times the gravitational acceleration. The manned rocket slows down the combustion process and is 5 times the acceleration due to gravity. Qian Xuesen couldn't help blurting out, as soon as the words came out, he was shocked in his heart, knowing that he had fallen into the pit this time.
Sure enough, that Zhong Qi smiled evilly and said, "Thank you Director Qian for answering my question." The maximum gravitational acceleration that a normal person can withstand is no more than three times, and the slowest launch vehicle is five times the acceleration due to gravity, which makes our manned rockets only carry specially trained astronauts. Director Qian, you can't withstand 5 times the acceleration of gravity, can you?"
"Uh......" Qian Xuesen knew that he had been fooled, and his face was immediately red and speechless.
"The characteristic of our mass projector is that it can reduce the gravitational acceleration during acceleration launch by extending the acceleration orbit, so that it can reach a level that ordinary people can bear. Of course, the lower the acceleration, the longer the track and the higher the construction cost. Therefore, the key to the design of the bridge is to shorten the length of the acceleration track as much as possible if the average passenger or material can tolerate it. ”
"This length is only determined by the exit velocity and the acceleration in the middle section. According to the design of the crane, we set the exit speed at 9,000 meters per second, which is about 7 times faster than the first cosmic speed. 9 km high on 1. 1 km, about 13 more. 9%。 Under this condition, we set the uniform acceleration of the passenger crane to 2. 75 times the gravity, the required orbital length is about 1486 kilometers. Together with the station and maintenance area at the front, as well as the protection section at the exit end, the total length is 1,500 kilometers. ”
"However, this length is not to be used up completely, because now we have developed a new anti-load suit and anti-overload cockpit that can increase the overload resistance of the average person to 5. 5G level, so that the track can be shortened to about 800 kilometers, so our current bridge to the sky bridge is not repaired to 1500 kilometers, but only to the suspension of the garden. Although the next 700 kilometers of tunnels were dug, they were only used as a backup, and no equipment was installed, so our budget was not as much as 20 billion. Director Qian, your intelligence is a little behind......" Zhong Qijian said with a smile.
The faces of the monarchs of the Rocket Institute are not very good-looking, and the Electromagnetic Institute is their biggest opponent in terms of funds and resources. Now they are falling behind in front of Mr. Wen, which makes them very depressed.
The new anti-load suit has already been used on rockets, but the most effective anti-overload cockpit is more troublesome, because it requires more space and weighs more, even the smallest single version weighs 2 tons, which is not suitable for installation in rocket launch spaceships. You must know that the carrier rocket is notoriously "calculating," and it is eager to use one gram as a pound, and if there is an extra compartment weighing several tons, then do you still have to do the right thing? However, this kind of problem that is very difficult for the rocket does not matter for the mass projector, the maximum load of this kind of thing is 720 tons, and it is not a problem at all to take a few tons of weight and leave it for the cockpit to resist overload.
At this time, Wen Desi stood up and played a round: "Ladies and gentlemen, the Rocket Institute and the Electromagnetic Institute are both very important departments, and launch vehicles and mass projectors are important parts of China's aerospace industry, and both are indispensable. It is undeniable that at present, in the launch stage, mass projectors do have advantages, but our spacecraft is not left alone. You have to change direction, you need to stop halfway and start again, it's impossible to bring the mass projector over at this time, right? In addition, the mass projector is not flexible enough and cheap enough compared to the rocket. We can build multiple rocket launch bases across the country, but I think one is enough for a bridge like this......"
Wen Desi smiled and said, "To be honest, the cost of this thing is really too expensive. "It is true that it has not burned to 20 billion, but it has also reached 15 billion, which is equivalent to building the Chinese Navy twice.
After pacifying both sides, Wen Deji and the others began to get down to business. Of course, he didn't come this time to see the cannons on both sides, because China's second manned space mission was about to be carried out here. That's right, this time it's with a crane in tow.
"What is the maximum size and load of the crane?" asked Wendesi.
"The largest crane measures 12 meters in diameter and 66 meters in length. The empty weight of the wagon is 60 tons, the maximum load is 660 tons. Because of the addition of a lot of equipment, the empty weight of the passenger car has increased to 160 tons, the maximum load is 560 tons, the cabin is divided into three levels, and there are a total of 1,000 passenger seats in addition to the driver and attendant. Wei Ken introduced with a smile.
"Whew......" The rocket station gasped when he heard it.
"Of course, this launch is not the largest passenger car, this mission is experimental in nature, and to transport materials for the construction of Tiangong-1, so this launch is a truck, only 12 astronauts. After they send the materials to the predetermined orbit, they will use the orbital module left by the Shenzhou spacecraft to build Tiangong-1. ”
At this time, a team of astronauts in spacesuits walked in. Qi Qi gave a military salute to Wendehei.
"The Tiangong construction team reports to the chief, and is ready together, please instruct the chief!" Led by Colonel Lei Dong, an ace from HNA.
"Thank you for your hard work! I wish you a safe journey!" Wen Deji shook hands with each of them and said, "Due to the regulations, Zhuangxing wine cannot be drunk. When you come back, I'll celebrate you with a feast!"
Although the Tiangong construction team did not drink Zhuangxing wine, they still wore peace charms and Chinese knots in accordance with the pilot's custom, and brought an apple with one person.
Also at 9:00, the "Yellow Turban Lux 1" crane started, and it carried 12 astronauts and 1 slid out silently. The 500 tons of materials carried by the same car were used to assemble and build Tiangong-1.
Overhead crane with 5. The acceleration of 5G (54 meters per second) is running, and the camera on the main screen quickly switches with the progress of the crane 1, always following the crane closely. After 166 seconds, the crane reaches the exit, and after stirring up a huge sonic boom cloud, the crane shrinks into a small dot of light in a flash on the camera. An object with a speed of nine kilometers per second was almost impossible for the naked eye to follow, so the crowd turned their attention to the other two radar screens.
The launch of the "Yellow Turban Lux 1" crane was very successful, and the crane reached the predetermined orbit at 9:05, and then the booster rocket was started, and the crane began to adjust its posture and approach Tiangong-1.
At 9:27, the two sides successfully docked. At this time, the hatch of the crane opened, and 12 astronauts floated out of space with safety ropes on, starting the first spacewalk of mankind, and it was a collective spacewalk. The manipulator grabbed out the materials one by one, and the astronauts began the construction of Sky One.
"Papapa......" Everyone in the command headquarters applauded together.