Chapter 2 Yan Wei Fights for Hegemony - The curtain call performance of the God of War

The Northern Wei Dynasty was established by the Xianbei Tuoba Division.

The Xianbei Tuoba tribe originally lived near the Daxing'an Mountains in the present-day Heilongjiang and Nenjiang River basins, and lived a nomadic life.

During the Han Dynasty, after the Northern Xiongnu were defeated and moved westward, a vacuum was formed in the Mobei region. The Tuoba tribe chose to fill in the blanks, moved westward into the Mobei region, formed a tribal alliance with a small number of Xiongnu who had not moved away, and strengthened the relationship between the two ethnic groups with marriage as a bond.

Later, the Tuoba tribe went south to herd in the area of Yunzhong (now Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia), and then moved to Shengle (now Inner Mongolia and Lingel).

In 338, Tuoba Shiyiqian, the leader of the Xianbei Tuoba Tribe, founded the country, and the country was named Dai, and the capital was built in Shengle.

In 376, the former Qin king Fu Jian attacked the dynasty, and Liu Weichen, who was the chief of the Xiongnu Tiefu Department (a hybrid of the Southern Xiongnu and Xianbei) of the Xianbei Alliance, cooperated with Fu Jian to attack Shiyiqian.

After the destruction of the dynasty, Fu Jian ordered Liu Weichen and Liu Kuren, another chief of the Tiefu tribe, to occupy the hometown of the Tuoba clan with the river as the boundary, with Liu Weichen's department in the west and Liu Kuren's department in the east.

After the Battle of Weishui, the former Qin collapsed. In 386, Shi Yiqian's grandson Tuoba Jue restored the power of the dynasty, and later changed the name of the country to Wei, known as the Northern Wei Dynasty in history.

The Northern Wei Dynasty, one of the most influential feudal dynasties in Chinese history, set the basic blueprint for the territory of China in later generations.

What do you mean? Let's look at Tuoba's difficult and tortuous road to recovery.

If Tuoba wanted to restore the country, the first problem was to compete for leadership with Liu Kuren and Liu Weichen, the chieftains of the Xiongnu Tiefu tribe who occupied the Xianbei hometown (in fact, it was originally the Xiongnu homeland).

Liu Kuren accepted Tuoba's leadership, and Liu Weichen fought with Tuoba. In 391, Liu Weichen raised an army to attack Tuoba Jue, but was killed, and his son led the remnants to flee south, relying on the Later Qin, which was established by the Qiang people who replaced the former Qin. The lord of Later Qin at that time was Yao Xing, the eldest son of Yao Chang.

Liu Weichen is only a small figure in Chinese history, but his son who fled south by Tuoba Jue is famous in history - Liu Bobo. The name Liu Bobo itself is not obvious to the world. But his later name was like thunder when he heard it.

In 407 AD, Liu Bobo rebelled against Hou Qin, raised troops and stood on his own, called Da Shan Yu, King of Da Xia, the year name Longsheng, and changed his surname to Helian Shi, Liu Bobo became Helian Bobo.

Helian Bobo is the lord of Great Xia. He built the capital city in the north of Shuofang water and the south of Heishui, which is roughly located in Beibaichengzi, Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province, and the name of this city is Tongwancheng.

The Great Xia Kingdom ruled roughly north of Yinzhou (present-day Yulin, Shaanxi), east of Xiazhou (present-day Hengshan, Shaanxi), and southeast of present-day Ordos, Inner Mongolia.

After the Anshi Rebellion of the Tang Dynasty, the general Guo Ziyi moved them to the hometown of Helian Bobo in order to facilitate the management of a branch of the Qiang people living in Gyeongju (now Qingyang, Gansu). During the Tang Dynasty, Tuoba Sigong, a descendant of Tuoba Chaoguang, was named the envoy of the Xiazhou Festival by the imperial court, and was given the surname Li and the Duke of Xia Guo because of his meritorious contribution to the Huangchao Uprising. Tuoba Sigong became Li Sigong. During the Song Dynasty, Li Sigong's descendants had a rebel named Li Jiqian who rebelled against the Song Dynasty and established a de facto independent regime named Western Xia. Li Jiqian had a grandson named Li Yuanhao, who became the ruler of the country and officially became independent in Western Xia. Although the Western Xia was a small country, the long-term war with the Great Song Dynasty almost exhausted the national strength of the Great Song Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, Li Yuanhao had a descendant who worked as a post man in the Yinchuan guest house, and after being laid off and not divided, he called the migrant workers to rebel in a fit of anger, and entered Beijing to destroy the Ming Dynasty.

Everyone must know this person, yes, it's Li Zicheng. Got it, right? Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant rebel army at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the famous king of Chuang, was actually not a real Han person.

Let's go back and look at the process of Tuoba's restoration.

After Tuoba drove out the Huns, to the north were the more culturally backward Gaoche and Rouran tribes, and to the south were the Houyan established by Xianbei Murong Chui.

Come one by one, and solve the tall car family first. The Gaoche clan is a general name for a part of the nomadic tribes in Mobei, and is named after most of the people who have tall wheels. After the Western Jin Dynasty, the people of the Northern Dynasties called it Gaoche, the people of the Southern Dynasties called it Ding Ling, and the various ethnic groups outside the Sai Dynasty called it Eile. Therefore, scholars generally believe that Ding Ling, Gao Che, and Eile are the ancestors of today's Uyghur people (who migrated west to Xinjiang). Of course, there are many people who believe that the Uyghurs, like the Turks, are from the same Xiongnu tribe.

After Tuoba Jue defeated the Gaoche clan and successfully restored the country, the two most powerful regimes in the north were the Later Yan and the Northern Wei.

Houyan and Northern Wei are both Xianbei regimes, and they are still in-laws. Later Yan succeeded the former Yan as the unification, and the former Yan lord Murong Hao once married his sister and daughter to the former lord Tuoba Shi Yijian. However, this fragile kinship is nothing to mention in the face of the extreme pursuit of power.

After Murong Chui destroyed the Western Yan, he used troops against the Northern Wei in May 395. At this time, Murong Chui was 69 years old, old and in poor health, and it was time to let go and exercise the children. As a result, the crown prince Murong Bao, Murong Nong and Murong Lin led 80,000 troops, and Murong De and Murong Shao led 18,000 cavalry to march to Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) in Northern Wei.

Houyan's coach, Prince Murong Bao, was 40 years old at the time. The Northern Wei Dynasty coach Daowu Emperor Tuoba Jue was only 24 years old. However, the law of "ginger is still old and spicy" seems to have failed in both.

"Little Tender Jiang" Tuoba Jue formulated the strategy of "the enemy advances and I retreat, lures the enemy to go deeper, and drags but does not fight", crossed the Yellow River to the south, and confronted the Houyan army across the river. The Later Yan army was on the south bank of the Yellow River, and the Northern Wei army was on the north bank.

Houyan has traveled a long way, and logistics supply is a problem, which needs to be solved quickly. In September, Murong Bao couldn't hold back and lined up the army, and the vanguard troops began to cross the river.

Suddenly, the wind on the river blew fiercely, and dozens of warships were blown away from the large army until they were anchored on the south bank of the Yellow River. The lone army swept in, and the more than 300 heavily armed soldiers on the ship, after enjoying a period of the magic wind wheel, were all captured by the Wei army.

The teacher is unfavorable, and the weather is out of phase, and the omen is not very good. "Old Prince Jiang" Murong Bao was a little panicked in his heart. Then, even more alarming news came.

Murong was dying.

The news came from the Houyan messenger on the other side of the river. When Murong Bao set off from Zhongshan, the 69-year-old Murong Chui was already ill. At that time, there were no text messages, WeChat, and Douyin, so the father and son agreed to establish a special messenger team to constantly travel back and forth between Zhongshan and the Wei army to deliver news.

For several months, I didn't get any news about Murong Chui's living situation, but this time, I got a message from a messenger who had been captured by the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Murong Chui's weight in Houyan is self-evident, the existence of Optimus Pillar, and the news of his death shocked the Houyan army, and it soon bore evil results.

The two armies of Yan and Wei fought against each other and stalemate for more than 20 days, and Mu Yusong, the general of Murong Lin, the king of Later Yan Zhao, and others, thought that Murong Chui had died and there was no need to continue to support Murong Bao, so they plotted a rebellion and supported Murong Lin as the emperor of Later Yan.

After the incident was leaked, Mu Yusong and others were all executed by Murong Bao. The generals rebelled, and there was also a rift between Murong Bao and Murong Lin. Murong Bao saw that the Yan army was suspicious of each other, people's hearts were fluctuating, and the soldiers had no intention of fighting, and if they stayed any longer, they would change again sooner or later, so he ordered on October 25: Withdraw the army and return to China at night.

At dusk on the 9th of November, the Houyan army marched to the west of Shenhepi (located in Daihai, east of present-day Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia) and camped beside the river south of Panyang Mountain. Demoralized, sleepy, and lacking, the soldiers buried their pots and cooked food, and fell asleep one by one after the meal.

In the early morning of the next day, the soldiers of the Houyan Army woke up, opened their eyes, and were instantly shocked: the mountains on the opposite side were full of hideous-looking Northern Wei soldiers!

The war drums beat wildly, the battle flags danced wildly, the war horses neighed wildly, and the Northern Wei army was condescending, covering up with the momentum of the flood. Before the soldiers of the Yan army could wipe off their eyes, so many deadly ancestors came over, and they were suddenly panicked and confused, running into the water, people hitting horses, trampling and drowning tens of thousands.

Organized vs. unorganized is a dimensionality reduction attack. The troops of the Northern Wei Dynasty Luoyang Gong Tuoba Zun were blocked in front of the fleeing Yan army, and the Yan army of 40,000 or 50,000 people immediately laid down their weapons and was captured, and only a few thousand escaped. Murong Bao himself escaped desperately on a single horse.

It turned out that when the "Old Ginger Prince" Murong Bao withdrew his troops, he should have sent a reconnaissance unit to prevent being pursued. However, Murong Bao saw that the Yellow River was not frozen, and calculated that the Northern Wei army could not cross the river quickly, and when the ferry boat crossed the river, the Houyan army had already withdrawn, so he did not send a reconnaissance force after the break.

Whether it is fighting a war or doing things, it depends on the right time, place and people, and the details determine success or failure, and I am most afraid of taking it for granted.

On the 3rd day of the first month of November, the wind suddenly rose, the temperature plummeted, and the Yellow River soon froze.

At dusk on the 9th of November, the Wei army pursued to the west of Shenhepi (located in Daihai, east of present-day Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia) and caught up with the Yan army.

After secret reconnaissance, the Yan army was in Pidong and camped next to the river south of Panyang Mountain. Tuoba Jue made a combat deployment for a sneak attack overnight, with people and horses and horses, and secretly approached the Yan army. In the early morning of the next day, the Wei army had already climbed the mountain, looked down on the Yan army camp, and took advantage of the fatigue of the Yan army to decide a battle.

In order to further weaken the national strength of Houyan, Tuoba Jue ordered that all the captured Houyan soldiers be buried alive.

Murong Bao fled back to Zhongshan, but found that Murong Chui was alive and well.

It turned out that Tuoba Jue sent people to wait on the road from Zhongshan, waiting for Hou Yan's messenger to pass by, come and catch one by one, and create false news of Murong Chui's death.

In war, there are a dozen logistical supplies, and two dozen information acquisition and identification. Others are gods in World War I, but Murong Bao is a war in World War to seal nerves. This old ginger prince is too tender.

Participating in the Hepi War accelerated the demise of the Later Yan and laid the foundation for the Northern Wei Dynasty to unify northern China. Mr. Jin Yong's martial arts masterpiece "Dragon Babu" wrote that Gusu Murong Fu, known as "South Murong", has a home address of "Shenhezhuang" located in the depths of Dongting Reed Pond, 30 miles west of Gusu City. The name "Sanhezhuang" is obviously related to the Battle of Sanhebi.

The crown prince was incompetent in battle, and Murong Chui could only go out in person.

In March 396, Murong Chui led the Houyan army to secretly leave Zhongshan, crossed the Qingling Mountains, passed through the Tianmen, opened the mountain and opened the road, unexpectedly passed through the clouds, captured Pingcheng, and captured more than 30,000 people of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Ginger, still older spicy.

Murong Chui led his army to evacuate Pingcheng with the spoils of war and passed by Shenhepi. At this time, the corpses were still piled up, Murong Chui ordered to pay tribute to the victims, and tens of thousands of soldiers wept loudly, and the cry shook the valley.

Seeing this tragic situation, Murong Chui was both ashamed and angry, and coughed up blood and fell ill on the spot. After living in Pingcheng for ten days, the illness did not subside, so he built Yanchang City here and returned to the court. On the 10th day of April, on the way back to Shanggu (Yi County, Hebei), a generation of male lord Murong Chui passed away at the age of 70.

Last words before death: Now the country is in trouble, and the funeral is simple. In order to prevent the strong enemy from waiting for the opportunity to make trouble, the obituary will be issued after arriving in Beijing.

Looking back on Murong Chui's life, it is embarrassing: he was jealous of his brother Murong Jun and sister-in-law Ke Zuhun clan, and his wife Duan died tragically; The Battle of Fangtou defeated the Huanwen Northern Expeditionary Army, turned the tide and saved Qianyan, but was suspicious of his uncle Murong Ping and nephew Murong Wei, and had no choice but to flee to the old capital Longcheng to escape; On the way out, he was betrayed by his own son Murong Lin, and became a traitor from a hero who saved the country, so he had to flee to Qianqin; In Qianqin, he was calculated by Wang Meng's golden knife, and the most talented eldest son Murong Ling was fooled and returned to Qianyan, and later died from the whistleblower and younger brother Murong Lin. was betrayed and calculated by 5 relatives in his life, and the road to entrepreneurship can be described as extremely bumpy and difficult.

However, from the age of 13 to the age of 70, he participated in the battle for 57 years of his life, and did not taste defeat. Even if the last battle is the farewell performance of his life, it is also a big victory, and he can be described as one of the well-deserved gods of war in the Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms.

A closer look at the Shuangbi of the Murong family, Murong Ke should be the Duke of Zhou, and Murong Chui is the founding monarch of a generation, and Murong Chui is superior.