Chapter 392: Salt Administration and Salt Industry
PS: 6000 words big chapter for votes......
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On May 25, 2760 (1919), Zigong District, Neijiang City, Sichuan Salt Industry United Company.
"What kind of salt is this, such a small bottle actually costs 1 yuan!?" A businessman looked at the bottle in his hand speechlessly.
This is a very small glass bottle, the workmanship is very exquisite, the whole is the shape of a dragon pillar, the dragon relief is vivid. It was affixed with a beautifully printed label that read, "Premium Well Salt, 100 grams, purity 99." 99%".
"It's only two taels of salt, it costs five yuan, and your salt company is too dark...... right?" another merchant also exclaimed. The bottle of salt in front of him was more expensive, and of course the packaging was more elaborate. It was a crystal bottle in the shape of a vase, with an intricately carved surface and meticulous workmanship. I don't know if it's selling bottles or salt.
The sales manager was not angry, and said with a smile: "This is just our new product, and there are cheap ones." Look over there, the unit price of 500 grams of bagged refined salt is a dime a bag. The unit price of 50 kg of bulk refined salt is 2 yuan and 6 jiao, and coarse salt is 1 yuan and 4 jiao...... Same as before. ”
"We are now adjusting our product structure, and in the future, the coarse salt will gradually decrease, and the salt of new varieties will continue to increase. This kind of high-grade well salt is just one of them, you see, there are also bamboo salt, nutritional salt, health salt, petal salt, infant salt, female salt, elderly salt and so on...... There are more than 100 varieties in total. The sales manager pointed to the product display case next to him and explained with a smile.
"That's so much, you can all play with this salt, this is really ......" Looking at the dazzling array of salt, the wholesalers were speechless. "Why haven't we seen these things before? Isn't it just refined salt and coarse salt?"
"Well, that's because there was no internal sales before, mainly for exports. These commercial salts are aimed at different consumer groups, because the process is more complex and the performance is more professional, so the price is relatively high. In the past, the living standards of our people were still relatively low, so these varieties were basically only ...... to the outside world."
The sales manager said with a smile: "And now, the living standards of our people are improving day by day, so we should give them more choices." So now these new varieties of salt are also starting to be sold internally, aren't they?"
The wholesalers immediately figured it out. Soon they found out the business opportunities, and they were right, any commodity should be of different grades, and this salt is no exception. In the past few years, everyone has money in their pockets, and they must be willing to eat some high-end things, and those who are reluctant to spend money continue to eat low-grade salt. Besides, in recent years, everyone has basically been eating refined salt, and coarse salt is basically used for animal husbandry except for a very few good ones.
"In addition, because these are new products, our company has implemented a test marketing system. You can take some back and try it, if you can't sell it, as long as the packaging is not damaged, we will return and replace. The sales manager finally came to the big killer.
"Okay, I'll get some of all of this, and I'll try to sell it...... one wholesaler said.
With the beginning, everyone is willing to come some, anyway, the package is returned and replaced, and the salt can't be broken.
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When the administrative divisions were adjusted last year, Sichuan was also adjusted, and Neijiang, the place where Wende made his fortune, became a municipality directly under the central government. In fact, this is also a matter of course, the Neijiang in this plane is too a bunker, not only the country's heavy industry center, the location of the largest industrial hen, but also the place where Wendehei and Xingke Group and the Science and Technology Party made their fortunes.
According to the ancient sayings, this is the land of Longxing. According to the Chinese tradition, after the founding of the country, the hometown or place of origin of the founding monarch will have important political significance, either becoming a capital or a high-level administrative region. Even the Great Picture Dynasty of the original time and space, which claimed to want to destroy all old ideas and cultures, was also inevitable, and the hometowns of several emperors were also upgraded to prefecture-level cities for various reasons. The Chinese Scientific Socialist Party, which has always taken "promoting traditional culture" and "revitalizing Chinese civilization" as its banner, is naturally even more unavoidable.
Well, in fact, Wen always doesn't care, because he is a Martian, and his hometown before crossing over was from Okinos, Mars Province, not a Martian, and his birthplace and childhood were in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and most of his student days were spent in Yuegui City, Moon Province. But now that I've crossed over, I naturally have to follow the rules of this era. Mars in this era does not belong to China.
The identity forged in this plane should be the place of origin and birthplace of a remote town in northern Montana, near Canada. Unless China conquers that side, this rule will not work. According to his announced ancestral hometown, it is Neijiang, Sichuan, yes! This is it. This is not nonsense, according to his elders, their family's ancestral home is really in Neijiang. Of course, there must be no family tree, and even if there is, he can't take it out, so he claimed that when his family moved overseas, due to many twists and turns, the family tree had already been lost, and he couldn't figure it out. This disappointed those who were ready to climb relatives and sycophants.
And in order to avoid this kind of trouble, Wen Desi simply claimed that his family was hiding from the war when he died in the Ming Dynasty and did not want to be a slave to the country, so he fled overseas. Everyone knows that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the people of Sichuan were almost killed by the Qing Dynasty, and there was almost no one in ten, so there was the later Huguang to fill Sichuan. Of course, I have always had a fine tradition of daring to do things but not daring to do it, and they themselves did not dare to recognize the pot of the massacre, which was similar to the Japanese, so they threw this black pot to Zhang Xianzhong's classmates, so the unlucky comrade Zhang Xianzhong had to become the "Lich King". There is no way, according to my Daqing statement, Zhang Xianzhong has killed "60,000" people in Sichuan, and as a result, Sichuan can still resist my Qing Dynasty for more than ten years, isn't this an army of the undead? Since it is an army of the undead, what else can he be if he is not a lich king?
Well, I won't go into that much more. Because there were too many dead people at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Mr. Wen's family tree could not be determined at all, and those who climbed relatives were dumbfounded.
But whether it is the place where Wen Desi claims to be his ancestral home or the place where he actually started, Neijiang has a political significance that is not found in other places. What's more, Neijiang has become China's number one center of heavy industry and one of the most important scientific research bases, and although many research institutes have moved to Hanjing, the remaining part of the area is still completely overwhelmed by other places, and the important part is more important than many provincial capitals.
Therefore, after gaining central power, Neijiang City naturally replaced Chengdu City as the capital of Sichuan Province. Because in addition to its history and culture, it is much more important than Chengdu in terms of political status and economic status, and its infrastructure construction is far more important than Chengdu.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the two important areas of Chengdu and Chongqing also developed under the drive of Neijiang, forming the "Inner Chengdu-Chongqing Delta Industrial Zone". Today, Sichuan's "Inner Chengdu-Chongqing Triangle" has become the most important industrial zone in China.
After several years of development, Wen Desi found that Neijiang had obvious geographical and economic advantages, and seemed to be more suitable as a municipality directly under the central government than as a provincial capital. It has a high economic volume among the major cities in China, and it can radiate and drive the economic development of the entire region after being directly under the central government. Moreover, Sichuan originally had Chengdu, a traditional provincial capital, so it was better to let Neijiang concentrate on its industry and technology.
Of course, there is also public opinion, in the past few years, China's economic scale has soared, the people's living standards have been rising, and the territory has been continuously expanded. If it was a fantasy background, he could now be a god by faith, well, that's a joke. However, the people of the whole country feel that Mr. Wen's hometown or the land of Longxing should be raised again.
Of course, it is still a bit reluctant to set Neijiang as the accompanying capital, after all, the historical background is somewhat insufficient, but there is no problem at all in establishing a municipality directly under the central government. In this atmosphere of public opinion, last year the State Council simply pushed the boat along the way, and when readjusting the administrative divisions of the whole country, Neijiang was upgraded to a municipality directly under the central government, and Chengdu was restored to the status of the provincial capital.
After the upgrade of Neijiang, the original Yibin was also included in its jurisdiction, and now the territory of Neijiang City is equivalent to the four regions of Neijiang, Ziyang, Zigong and Yibin during the Datu Dynasty.
In Sichuan Province on this plane, the city-level units are similar to the Republic of China and the Datu Dynasty in the original time and space, only the names are a little different. Now in addition to the division of Neijiang City, there are a total of 16 municipal-level units: Chengdu, Chongqing, Jiangyang (Luzhou), Dazhou, Kuizhou (Wanxian), Jiading (Leshan), Meizhou (Meishan), Mianyang, Deyang, Suining, Lizhou (Guangyuan), Bazhong, Yazhou (Ya'an), Jianchang (Xichang and Liangshan areas), Xikang (Ganzi), Maozhou (Aba) and so on. Well, it's a little less than the big picture.
Oh, when it comes to this place name, it has also experienced a small twist and turn, and the high-level people who were originally born in Wende and cyborgs directly copied the place names of later generations in order to save trouble. It's okay to say that the county name unit is not a big deal, but some city-level units have some names. For example, Shijiazhuang, Zaozhuang, Hefei, Zhumadian and so on, made the local people extremely dissatisfied.
A few years ago, it was okay, when everyone had just eaten enough and didn't bother to care so much, but later with the improvement of living standards, after food and clothing, everyone began to pursue a spiritual life, and the people in those places finally noticed the name of their hometown. These earthy turtle names make them feel unpleasant to look at horizontally and vertically, so they strongly demand to change them to beautiful names. Especially the people in places where there are already good names, they are quite dissatisfied with those stupid and cute names, and after getting feedback from the people, Wen Desi also feels that he has done a stupid thing to add to the snake.
Therefore, during last year's adjustment of the administrative establishment, the State Council conformed to the will of the people, and in accordance with the wishes of the local people, all the names of the turtles were changed to those they considered to be lofty. For example, Shijiazhuang was changed to Zhending, Zhumadian was changed to Caizhou, Zaozhuang was changed to Yizhou, Hefei was changed back to Luzhou, and Huangshan was changed back to Huizhou...... Wait, I won't say much here.
Originally, according to the historical development of the original time and space, this place should belong to Zigong City, which was established in the Republic of China, but there is no such administrative establishment on the plane, and its main body has all been incorporated into Neijiang City, and its core area, Ziliujing District and Gongjing District, has become the two municipal districts of Neijiang City. In order to facilitate the development of the local salt industry, the two districts were merged into Zigong District last year.
When Zigong was mentioned in later generations, the first thing that came to mind was salt and natural gas. Historically, artesian wells and tribute wells were known for their abundance of well salt. The history of brine salt mining and salt production in the well has a history of nearly 2,000 years, which can be traced back to the period of Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty, famous in the Tang and Song dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the 19th century, it became the center of the well salt industry in Sichuan, and its well salt was sold in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei provinces, and was consumed by one-tenth of the country's population. Rather, it is also the first place in the world to develop and utilize natural gas.
Because of the salt profits, this area has been fertile since ancient times, and since the Han Dynasty, it has been the richest area in Sichuan. And salt is a necessity for human life, and if you don't grasp it in your hands, it is very troublesome. So when Wen Desi hadn't raised his troops yet, Xingke Group stretched out his tentacles.
Everyone knows that this salt merchant has been a great force since ancient times, and naturally he doesn't want another newcomer to share the cake, not to mention that this newcomer is still very powerful, if he is allowed to join, it will be dangerous. As a result, the salt merchants joined forces to resist the infiltration of Xingke, and those who could eat the bowl of rice of the salt merchants did not have fuel-efficient lamps, and each salt merchant had a good background behind them. Once they are united, it will be difficult for them to penetrate even with the power of the Star Branch. Therefore, until the army, even if a lot of discordant gray methods were used, the expansion of Xingke in Zigong was also very slow, and it only occupied a small number of salt and gas wells.
This dilemma only lasted for a few years, and after the Socialist Party officially launched its army, Mr. Wen turned his face, and the end of the salt merchant group in Zigong came. No matter how deep the background is, no matter how powerful the forces are, it is difficult to resist the attack of the regular army. In less than a month, the salt merchant forces in Zigong were wiped out, and all the salt and gas wells fell into the control of Wende.
The property that originally belonged to the government was naturally confiscated and credited. As for those salt merchants, Mr. Wen will, of course, not be polite to them, and will liquidate them according to their past behaviors, killing those who should be killed, and not letting go of any of those who should be reformed through labor! Fortunately, those salt merchants who are willing to cooperate are fine, but the government of the Socialist Party has only forcibly integrated the salt and gas wells under their names, converted their industries into shares, and incorporated them into the newly established Sichuan United Salt Industry Company. As for those who refused to cooperate, they were unlucky, and all their family property was confiscated, and the whole family was sent to labor camps and labor camps. Wen Deji has never been a person who repays grievances with virtue.
Of course, Wen Desi did not want these salt and gas wells for his own exclusive use, he believed that the local salt merchants were too backward in technology, inefficient, and the quality of the finished products was extremely poor, and the varieties were extremely simple. These salt and gas wells are completely tyrannical and a waste of resources in their hands.
After integrating local resources, the government of the Socialist Party separated the salt and gas wells, and gave them to the Sichuan United Salt Company and the Sichuan Natural Gas Company, respectively. All salt wells and salt workshops were integrated and remodeled after the inspection, using advanced modern techniques, from sinking wells, extracting brine, transporting brine to frying salt. Of course, some of the more classic traditional salt-making sites have also been converted into salt museums.
The gas wells have also been repurposed, and the natural gas is no longer directly used as fuel, but is first concentrated and sent to the gas processing plant, where it is purified and useful substances such as helium are separated, and then supplied to users as a finished gas. In fact, after the use of advanced vacuum salt production technology, the consumption of fuel has been greatly reduced, and now most of the natural gas in Zigong is supplied for other purposes.
Sichuan United Salt Industry Company not only has salt wells in Zigong, but also salt wells in Neijiang, Suining and other places, reaching an output of 600,000 tons last year. Not only has the output been greatly improved, the quality of the products has also far exceeded before, and there are hundreds of salt varieties.
China's salt administration is different from previous dynasties, it is not a monopoly system that has lasted for thousands of years, and the government has engaged in salt monopolies mainly to collect salt taxes in history. In ancient societies, the production of salt was limited, salt was scarce, and everyone had to eat salt, so the state took the salt industry under the government and taxed it.
Taxation from the production and distribution of salt not only reduced the object of taxation but also reduced the cost of taxation, so the salt tax became one of the most important taxes of the Chinese government until modern times. Don't underestimate the salt tax, from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty in every dynasty, the salt tax revenue is basically equivalent to the income of the field, the so-called "the world's endowment, salt profit is half", is an important source of national fiscal revenue.
However, this kind of monopoly system in history has many drawbacks, on the one hand, the official salt price is high and inferior, not only is the salt mixed with sand and soil, but the price is so high that the common people at the bottom cannot afford it. On the other hand, the smuggling of salt is rampant, and the officials in charge of salt collude with the same party, collude with profiteers, and operate in the dark, so that the salt profits fall into their hands, and the government does not get any benefits.
By the time of the Datu Dynasty, there was a revolutionary change in the salt administration. The monopoly of the Datu Dynasty was not for the sake of salt tax, because in that era, with the development of the economy, the industrial structure gradually moved towards industrialization, and the number of tax collection channels increased, and the proportion of salt tax in the national tax revenue decreased year by year, and after a few decades, the salt tax revenue had fallen to a negligible level. The main purpose of the franchise is to eliminate iodine deficiency and ensure the safety of salt consumption by residents.
In Wen Desi's view, although the salt administration of the Datu Dynasty was better than any period, there were still many drawbacks. Due to the disconnection between production and marketing caused by the monopoly system, there is no direct relationship between enterprises and the market, resulting in the overall competitiveness of the salt industry is not strong, and the waste of resources is strict. The second is the formation of a closed monopoly system, in which the organs of the salt administration in various localities are bloated, and at the same time, the method of dividing and dividing land allows them to do their own thing, cutting off the national market, and it is easy to breed problems such as corruption and corruption.
Therefore, China's salt administration at this level has learned the lessons of previous dynasties and re-established an unprecedented "control" system. There was no longer a specific salt tax, which was incorporated into the resource tax. The so-called "control" means that the government will no longer intervene in the specific operation of the salt industry, so that production enterprises can directly connect with the market. But because salt is a necessity, it can't be left completely unattended like other products.
The specific method is to have the quality control agency control its quality, and at the same time divide its products into two categories: basic products and commercial products, the former is ordinary salt, and the latter is those high-grade salt. Salt production enterprises must ensure the share of basic products, this part of the products belong to small profits, and the profit ratio of enterprises and businesses is mandatory, and prices cannot be increased arbitrarily. As for commercial products, the government will only supervise their quality, and the price will not matter at all, as long as you have the ability to sell them and pay taxes proportionally, it will not matter how high the price is.
Now there is no shortage of salt in China, and the salt farms along the coast are more than enough to meet the needs of the whole country, and now the logistics conditions are much better than before, even if they are brought in from the coast, they are not much higher. Therefore, the salt here in Zigong began to be high-grade, and in addition to the prescribed share of basic products, a lot of medium and high-end varieties were produced.
Compared with the open-air sea salt and lake salt, the well salt produced thousands of years ago and formed hundreds of millions of years ago has the advantages of non-polluting and beneficial trace elements, which is undoubtedly a proper source of high-grade salt. So a few years ago, the well salt here in Zigong began to take the high-end road, and Wen Desi copied all kinds of high-grade salts such as nutrient salt, low-sodium salt, bamboo salt, etc.
Because China has just solved the problem of food and clothing a few years ago, it is good for everyone to have salt to eat, so why are they willing to spend dozens of times as much money to buy salt? Therefore, these new varieties are basically export products and make money from foreigners. Because China did this very early, and all kinds of advertisements and advertorials were very powerful, they soon occupied a large number of markets, and the rich and middle class of the European and American powers were willing to spend money, so they didn't want to eat the same salt as the mud legs, and these products just did what they liked.
By now, China has occupied most of the world's high-end salt market. Even in war-torn Europe, China's mid-to-high-end salt is still selling well.
However, given the level of the domestic economy, these products are not sold in the country, except for a very small number of special offerings.
Until the beginning of this year, domestic salt companies were surprised to find that there were high-grade salt products that were "exported to domestic sales" in the Chinese market, and there were still many buyers. The domestic salt companies are embarrassed, and they have said that they are in a groove, this is obviously Lao Tzu's product, and it is actually used by the ghost animals and devils to make our money, which is really unreasonable.
So they reacted immediately and began to sell those mid-to-high-end products to China, which led to the previous scene.
In fact, after Wen Desi's actions, China's tax revenue on salt has not decreased, but increased. Because the price of high-grade salt is very high, the corresponding tax is naturally high, but it is no longer called the salt tax. On the other hand, because of the guarantee of the basic salt system, the common people in the country can also afford to eat refined salt, and its price is lower than that of previous generations. As for iodized salt, it is sold separately from ordinary salt, but the price is the same, mainly according to the medical examination report of each region, not a one-size-fits-all addition, because many places are not deficient in iodine. Advantage.
By the time of the Datu Dynasty, there was a revolutionary change in the salt administration. The monopoly of the Datu Dynasty was not for the sake of salt tax, because in that era, with the development of the economy, the industrial structure gradually moved towards industrialization, and the number of tax collection channels increased, and the proportion of salt tax in the national tax revenue decreased year by year, and after a few decades, the salt tax revenue had fallen to a negligible level. The main purpose of the franchise is to eliminate iodine deficiency and ensure the safety of salt consumption by residents.
In Wen Desi's view, although the salt administration of the Datu Dynasty was better than any period, there were still many drawbacks. Due to the disconnection between production and marketing caused by the monopoly system, there is no direct relationship between enterprises and the market, resulting in the overall competitiveness of the salt industry is not strong, and the waste of resources is strict. The second is the formation of a closed monopoly system, in which the organs of the salt administration in various localities are bloated, and at the same time, the method of dividing and dividing land allows them to do their own thing, cutting off the national market, and it is easy to breed problems such as corruption and corruption.
Therefore, China's salt administration at this level has learned the lessons of previous dynasties and re-established an unprecedented "control" system. There was no longer a specific salt tax, which was incorporated into the resource tax. The so-called "control" means that the government will no longer intervene in the specific operation of the salt industry, so that production enterprises can directly connect with the market. But because salt is a necessity, it can't be left completely unattended like other products.
The specific method is to have the quality control agency control its quality, and at the same time divide its products into two categories: basic products and commercial products, the former is ordinary salt, and the latter is those high-grade salt. Salt production enterprises must ensure the share of basic products, this part of the products belong to small profits, and the profit ratio of enterprises and businesses is mandatory, and prices cannot be increased arbitrarily. As for commercial products, the government will only supervise their quality, and the price will not matter at all, as long as you have the ability to sell them and pay taxes proportionally, it will not matter how high the price is.
Now there is no shortage of salt in China, and the salt farms along the coast are more than enough to meet the needs of the whole country, and now the logistics conditions are much better than before, even if they are brought in from the coast, they are not much higher. Therefore, the salt here in Zigong began to be high-grade, and in addition to the prescribed share of basic products, a lot of medium and high-end varieties were produced.
Compared with the open-air sea salt and lake salt, the well salt produced thousands of years ago and formed hundreds of millions of years ago has the advantages of non-polluting and beneficial trace elements, which is undoubtedly a proper source of high-grade salt. So a few years ago, the well salt here in Zigong began to take the high-end road, and Wen Desi copied all kinds of high-grade salts such as nutrient salt, low-sodium salt, bamboo salt, etc.
Because China has just solved the problem of food and clothing a few years ago, it is good for everyone to have salt to eat, so why are they willing to spend dozens of times as much money to buy salt? Therefore, these new varieties are basically export products and make money from foreigners. Because China did this very early, and all kinds of advertisements and advertorials were very powerful, they soon occupied a large number of markets, and the rich and middle class of the European and American powers were willing to spend money, so they didn't want to eat the same salt as the mud legs, and these products just did what they liked.
By now, China has occupied most of the world's high-end salt market. Even in war-torn Europe, China's mid-to-high-end salt is still selling well.
However, given the level of the domestic economy, these products are not sold in the country, except for a very small number of special offerings.
Until the beginning of this year, domestic salt companies were surprised to find that there were high-grade salt products that were "exported to domestic sales" in the Chinese market, and there were still many buyers. The domestic salt companies are embarrassed, and they have said that they are in a groove, this is obviously Lao Tzu's product, and it is actually used by the ghost animals and devils to make our money, which is really unreasonable.
So they reacted immediately and began to sell those mid-to-high-end products to China, which led to the previous scene.
In fact, after Wen Desi's actions, China's tax revenue on salt has not decreased, but increased. Because the price of high-grade salt is very high, the corresponding tax is naturally high, but it is no longer called the salt tax. On the other hand, because of the guarantee of the basic salt system, the common people in the country can also afford to eat refined salt, and its price is lower than that of previous generations. As for iodized salt, it is sold separately from ordinary salt, but the price is the same, mainly according to the medical examination report of each region, not a one-size-fits-all addition, because many places are not deficient in iodine.