Chapter 179: Witten's Analysis: I need your help
When he first went to Beijing University, Li Mu joined Li Ruyu's mentor, Academician Chen Shanping's research group on cancer and the immune system, mainly to provide mathematical help.
After all this time, I finally needed his help.
"Good!"
Hearing Li Mu's promise, Li Ruyu nodded, and then left the room and came in with a lot of materials.
"The data about the experiment are all on these, if you have any questions you don't understand, just ask me."
"Hmm."
Li Mu took the materials and put them on the desk he had already packed.
While looking at these materials, he asked, "Didn't you say last time that Academician Chen had arranged a special topic for you?" How's that going? ”
Speaking of this, Li Ruyu's face showed smugness: "Hehe! I'm afraid that once my topic is sent out, I am afraid that it will be able to start, and I will definitely be able to send a section at that time. ”
Li Mu thought about the fact that the quality of his graduation thesis must be at the level of a district......
Finally, he shook his head and said with a smile: "Mmmm, that's amazing." ”
"If you have any questions, especially mathematically, you can ask me."
"Thank you." Li Ruyu waved his hand: "But I don't need mathematics for the time being, I can do it by myself." ”
Li Mu smiled: "Okay, that's good." ”
This is the sister who will be strong in her life?
Without further ado, he looked at the data seriously.
This topic explores the mechanisms of interaction between cancer cells and the immune system, particularly lung cancer cells.
The body's immune system is very powerful, immune cells can recognize cancer cells and attack them, so there is also a saying in the biological world that everyone has cancer cells, and those small number of cancer cells in the normal human body are recognized and killed by immune cells.
However, for those patients who have too many cancer cells and have already developed cancer, the immune system is a little weak, and the most important thing is that the cancer cells are not much different from normal cells in morphology, and at the same time, they can actively avoid being recognized by immune cells in terms of function.
Therefore, how to find the key points where cancer cells can be recognized and attacked by immune cells can help biologists find solutions to cancer.
However, due to the different differences between different cancer cells, they will only focus on lung cancer cells.
Of course, given the number of lung cancer patients worldwide, this topic is definitely not invaluable.
"These experimental data are mainly from the coexistence of immune cells and lung cancer cells in the petri dish."
"We labeled the surface of the cancer cells and counted the elements in the dish, such as metabolites."
“数据量很大,分析起来十分麻烦,特别是癌细胞团中的癌细胞并不会总被免疫细胞所识别,使得我们很难分析出到底是什么东西在过程中发挥着关键作用。”
“所以就需要你的数学帮助了。 ”
When Li Mu was watching, Li Ruyu next to him also introduced him to the specific situation.
Listening to Li Ruyu's introduction, Li Mu nodded slightly, but he didn't say anything.
Looking at the so many data in this thick data, it is enough to show that the scale of the experiment of this research group is not small, and it is no wonder that it took so many months to come to him.
There are dozens of groups, and each group has hundreds of data.
However, the more experimental data, the better it is for him.
Because, for others, too much data may be more complicated, but with a computer in his head, he can easily analyze such a large amount of data.
Quickly taking out his pen, he began to calculate.
The data is still processed using the principles of probability and statistics, as before.
Statistics plays a vital role in many disciplines, like biostatistics in biology and statistical mechanics in physics.
李牧一边计算,脑海中也一边思考着相关的问题。
时间缓缓而过,李牧笔上计算着,脑海计算机也在计算着。
Until the end, his heart suddenly moved, but in his mind, he thought of the problem he was studying.
"Quantum Statistical Mechanics...... The mass of the W boson is equivalent to an equilibrium system, and this mass obviously evolved from a non-equilibrium system. ”
"In a non-equilibrium system, there must be a key that causes the mass of the W boson to be different."
"So...... Using inverse quantum statistics to find the cause from the results......"
恍然间他有所领悟,然后原本正在对这些生物实验数据进行分析计算的笔停了下来,另起一行,又写下了他对逆向量子统计方法的初步想法。
And Li Ruyu next to him was immediately confused.
She has been watching Li Mu's calculation process, wanting to learn something from it, such as Li Mu's thinking or something.
Bad math is her pain all along, and now after seeing her younger brother become a world-famous mathematician, she wonders, everyone is born by the same mother, can't her math be saved?
于是乎她也加强了对数学的学习,特别是和生物统计学有关的那些数学知识,所以刚才李牧写的时候,她也勉勉强强能够看懂一些。
As a result, Li Mu suddenly wrote these things......
What the hell is it?
She whispered, "What part of probability and statistics is what you're writing about now?" Why haven't I seen it yet? ”
"Oh, this, this is quantum statistical mechanics, it's normal that you can't understand it."
Li Mu replied.
"Huh?"
Li Ruyu's eyes widened suddenly: "Do we still need to use the method of quantum statistics in our biostatistics?" ”
Don't!
This literally killed her!
Li Mu couldn't cry or laugh for a while, and quickly explained the reason, but he wrote it when he temporarily thought of the content of quantum statistical mechanics, and it had nothing to do with their topic.
Li Ruyu breathed a sigh of relief.
It almost scared her.
"Do you have an idea for our data?"
Li Mu squinted his eyes and muttered for a moment, and finally said, "A-23, A-45, A-89...... 这些组的实验数据,我建议你们重复多做几次,仔细观察其中的反应过程,特别是细节上。 ”
Doing calculations on paper is actually just a habit for him, no matter what he is thinking, the computer in his mind will give full play to the ability to multitask, multi-threaded analysis, so in such a short period of time, he has analyzed all this data.
Just kidding, on the side of the High Energy Institute, the six-digit amount of data has been analyzed, and the data on their side is only a thousand, so there is no challenge at all.
So, he reported the numbers of more than 30 sets of data in a row, and Li Ruyu next to him quickly took out a paper and wrote it down.
After writing it all down, she asked curiously, "What's wrong with all this data?" Is there any difference? ”
"According to the analysis, there are significant differences between the experimental data in these groups and the other data."
"Is there a difference?" Li Ruyu glanced at the data of these groups, isn't it composed of ten numbers?
What's the difference?
Li Mu glanced at her: "Do you want to listen?" ”
Li Ruyu nodded like a chicken pecking rice: "Yes!" ”
Knowing what it is, you also have to know why it is true, Li Ruyu has always had this attitude in her studies.
Li Mu smiled: "That's okay, I'll explain it to you briefly." ”
Then he picked up a pen and paper and began to write.
"I don't know about biology, but since these numbers appear here, there must be a reason behind them, and there will always be subtle gaps in them."
"For example, the metabolite indicators of the B-112 set of data, you may not look different from the metabolite indicators of other groups, and the differences in the numbers seem to be just errors, but if we analyze the data of these groups, we can easily find the differences."
Li Ruyu: "...... Are you sure? ”
李牧:“那我就再给你算一遍就行了。 ”
Li Ruyu: "Okay! ”
……
I don't know how long it has passed, Li Mu's door opened, and Li Ruyu left the room with a confused expression.
Oh my God, what was she thinking just now, trying to understand Li Mu's thinking?
Although she remembered what Li Mu said, she didn't understand the meaning at all.
This kid doesn't admit that he specializes in writing heavenly books!
Of course, she didn't understand the process, she still roughly understood the conclusion given by Li Mu, and all the data pointed out by Li Mu had significant immune reactions.
In other words, if they repeated the experiments in these groups, they would have a good chance of discovering how the immune system recognizes lung cancer cells and attacks!
Her heart was excited, this is what their research group wants to know!
Although she only came back today, she didn't have any intention of resting, and quickly returned to her room, and then contacted Academician Chen Shanping and told him the news.
在家中的李母秦岚正在帮女儿收拾着房间,见到这一幕,只能说一句:“别把自己累着了。 ”
Li Ruyu waved his hand: "Just rest assured!" ”
It didn't take long for the video conference to begin.
除了她是在陈善平的要求下,提前回家的之外,课题组中的其他人都仍然在实验室里面。
So as soon as the video conference opened, she saw that her colleagues in the lab were all in front of the camera.
"Ruyu, you shouldn't have been home for long, right? Li Mu: This is the end of our analysis of the experimental data? ”
As soon as the video was opened, Li Ruyu's best friend Xin Xin first asked a question.
Of course, this is also a question that everyone in their lab wants to know.
It's impossible to think about it, right?
However, Li Ruyu just nodded and said, "Yes, he should have almost finished his analysis." ”
The conference room was filled with a "Huh? Voice.
With so much data, how can it be analyzed so quickly?
It's open, right?
Chen Shanping's expression in the laboratory was also very surprised, they had collected data for several months, and Li Mu had analyzed it all in one day?
But soon, he said: "Okay, okay, let's not talk about this matter, how about the analysis." ”
Either way, it's the result that counts.
Li Ruyu directly sent the more than 30 sets of experimental data numbers that Li Mu said.
According to Li Mu's analysis, he suggested that we repeat these experiments several more times to observe the reaction process of immune cells and lung cancer cells.
"Experiments with these groups...... Any questions? ”
Everyone in the conference room was puzzled, just like Li Ruyu's previous performance.
Li Ruyu smiled, she had experienced that kind of dazed and overwhelmed just now, and of course she had to let these fellow disciples experience this same feeling.
"Are you sure you want to know why?" She first sold a pass.
However, Chen Shanping directly interrupted her thoughts: "Don't talk nonsense, just say it." ”
The tutor was dissatisfied, Li Ruyu playfully stuck out her tongue, and then honestly explained to these fellow disciples according to the process that Li Mu had just explained to her.
Even if she couldn't remember it, she took notes, but she was able to repeat them in full.
It's just that there was some silence in the room as she recounted it.
Belch...... It seems that listening to this process of analysis, there is really no need?
Chen Shanping didn't speak, a little embarrassed.
However, he still said to the others in the laboratory: "Listen carefully, study and learn Li Mu's analytical thinking, maybe the mathematician in our laboratory will be one of you in the future." ”
The graduate students in the lab rolled their eyes wildly.
cpu!
It's definitely on the CPU for them!
What is this that can be learned?
But there was no way, the instructor said so, and they could only listen honestly and take notes at the same time.
就这样,李如雨的讲述继续了下去,尽管一开始他们都听不明白其中的过程,但当最后的结论摆出来后,他们也终于看懂了。
Under the very detailed analysis, these seemingly ordinary experimental data have revealed very prominent differences.
It was obvious to them that these experiments were likely to hide the answers they wanted.
"Good!"
Chen Shanping's eyes showed excitement.
After months of experimentation, we are finally seeing the light of day!
Of course, thanks to the results of these analyses, they wouldn't even believe that the data could be analysed in such detail if they hadn't seen it with their own eyes.
"Li Ruyu, thank you for your hard work, and by the way, I would like to express my gratitude to Li Mu for me."
Chen Shanping said solemnly.
"Good!"
Hearing Academician Chen's words, Li Ruyu's face also showed a smile.
Brother, awesome!
There was almost no nonsense, and Chen Shanping immediately arranged the next work: "Next, we will repeat these experiments several times until we find the reason for the abnormal appearance of these data!" ”
"Yes!"
Everyone in the lab immediately responded.
"In addition, if it rains, you will have a good vacation, and it will be hard for you."
Li Ruyu smiled: "It's not hard, it's not hard." ”
Just give her a few extra days off.
As a result, the next moment, Chen Shanping said: "Then let's go back to the laboratory in the fourth year of junior high school and do this experiment well, no problem, right?" ”
Li Ruyu's face suddenly became depressed: "...... No problem. ”
The fourth year of junior high school, the fourth year of junior high school!
It is equivalent to saying that she will go back to school in three days this year.
A certain god said that the 21st century is the century of biology, and now that it looks at it, the 21st century is completely the tragedy of their biological dogs.
……
Time passed like water.
一个周很快过去,华国也迎来了2021年的新年。
What is the relationship between science and tradition, Li Mu can't say, but at least during the New Year, he can also feel that faint joy, even if people say that the current New Year's flavor has faded.
The first and second days of junior high school and the third junior high school passed quickly, and on the fourth day of junior high school, Li Ruyu embarked on the journey back to Beijing.
"No one is going back to school before the New Year is over, right, no?"
Li Mu personally sent his sister to the airport, of course, before parting, he didn't forget to laugh a few words.
Li Ruyu glared at him, "Find fault, don't you?" Besides, it's rude. ”
Since Li Mu knew that she was going to return to school early, he had to laugh at her every day.
Li Mu smiled, and then handed the suitcase to Li Ruyu: "I've arrived at the security check, let's go over, remember to make a call when you arrive." ”
"Hmm." Li Ruyu nodded, took the suitcase, and said: "After going to the UK, be careful, don't run to those strange bars, especially where men gather." ”
"Especially don't go to Brighton, I've heard that it's called the gay capital, it's scary."
"You don't want our parents to raise children, do you?"
Li Mu: "...... What are you worried about all day long? Hurry up, hurry up. ”
As he spoke, he pushed Li Ruyu over.
Soon, after watching his sister pass the security check and waving goodbye to him, he also turned to leave.
After the Chinese New Year, he is indeed going to Oxford University.
He thought about what Li Ruyu said last in his heart, and he couldn't help but gasp, as if what he said was really reasonable?
You'll have to pay attention to it then.
……
The time of the New Year passed quickly, and Li Mu stayed at home until the Lantern Festival.
On the 16th of January, he was leaving.
However, on the night of the 15th, he received an unexpected phone call.
Edward Witten.
"Li Mu, when I used Lee's development to refine the M theory and try to make it backward compatible with the imbecile theory, I encountered almost unsolvable difficulties."
"I need your help."
……
[4k8 words in this chapter]
(End of chapter)