For the study of superconductivity, it is like condensed matter physics, which is divided into both experimental and theoretical directions.

The experimental direction of superconductivity research is easy to understand, almost equivalent to the study of materials science, and scholars in this field think about synthesizing room-temperature superconductivity every day, so there are all kinds of academic frauds.

It is not uncommon to use the unspoken rules of the same experimental results to publish some results that shock the world.

Of course, there are also some high-temperature superconductor materials that are trying to develop various properties to replace superconducting materials such as niobium-titanium alloys in the current superconducting materials market.

At present, although there are high-temperature superconductors such as YBCO, which can achieve a superconducting state with only liquid nitrogen, this kind of high-temperature superconductor does not occupy the market because of the process and its own properties.

For example, they have problems in the preparation of kilometer-level lengths, and at the same time, the magnetic field size that they can provide is limited, and the magnetic field size that these high-temperature copper-based superconductors can provide is only about 0.5T to 3T.

Like the most common superconductor application site, that is, the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument in the hospital, the magnetic field strength required is relatively high, so high-temperature superconductors such as YBCO are far inferior to niobium-titanium alloys, which can provide a maximum of 11.7T strong magnetic field of low-temperature superconductors.

Of course, for this type of scientist, their main purpose is to make money.

For scholars in the direction of theory, it is different.

Although they also need to do experiments to verify it, their main purpose is to determine the principle of superconductors.

As Professor Wilbur said, as long as other superconductivity principles are discovered, it is destined to be a Nobel Prize in physics, and this is what those scholars who study theories are keen to pursue.

Therefore, the research on superconductors has always been very popular.

And Li Mu now belongs to the latter, a scholar who takes the direction of theory.

The only difference is that he is not as committed to the Nobel Prize in Physics as other scholars.

Anyway, he already has results that can be compared.

Now his research on superconductors is more because the detailed technical explanation in his mind reveals the role of dimensional forces in it, and this can help him to further understand the meaning of dimensional forces.

……

Use professional tweezers to pick up the YBCO block, which has been cooled to a superconducting state by liquid nitrogen, and mist is still coming out of it.

Li Mu put the YBCO block on the magnet ring next to it, and then he could see it floating on the magnet ring, shaking on it.

After flipping the magnet circle around, the YBCO was still suspended in the air, but it still did not fall.

"The Meissner Effect, Ah......"

Li Mu's heart sighed slightly.

Such a magical effect, if he is allowed to show it to the emperors in ancient times, then wouldn't the position of national teacher be captured?

And in modern times, it was these magical things that made him very interested in science.

Shaking his head slightly, then, without further nonsense, he re-clamped the YBCO, and then began to put it into the angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer and began to measure the relevant electronic structure.

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy can help scientists analyze the behavior of electrons in materials, providing very realistic experimental data to capture interactions and phase transitions that are more accurate than the calculations.

This is very important for scientists.

After putting the YBCO away, Li Mu returned to the computer and started to start arpes.

The principle of arpes is to use the photoelectric effect to "kick" the electrons in the material by emitting the light source to the material, and then collect the relevant data of these electrons to analyze the behavior of the electrons in the material.

So to some extent, ARPES is analyzing the two-dimensional surface of the material.

Of course, it is enough for superconductors.

……

Soon, as time passed, he finally collected all the data he needed before YBCO lost its superconducting state.

"Hmm......" Looking at the collected data, Li Mu did not forget the YBCO block that was still in the instrument, and after taking out the YBCO first, he sat down at the table next to him and began to process the data.

【Ekin=hv-Φ-|EB|】

【P=hk=√（2mEkin）sin……】

After basically listing the main analysis results, Li Mu propped up his chin and thought about it.

These data are basically not much different from the arpes analysis of YBCO in other papers, and they are similar in nature.

But for Li Mu, these people are not enough, because the analysis results of these data do not correspond to the content in his mind and the detailed explanation of superconducting material technology.

"So there's still something missing."

He pondered.

What's missing in between?

"According to the content of the technical details, in the process of forming superconductivity in this kind of high-temperature superconductor, another new electron pair will be formed between electrons, but because of the higher temperature, these electrons are not like Cooper pairs, because the temperature is low enough, so they are more closely connected."

"Under high temperatures, they approach a new state, although it is also a quantum effect like the Cooper pair, but from another point of view, the constraints brought by dimensional forces cannot be ignored......

"Huh?!"

Suddenly, thinking of Li Mu here, his eyes suddenly lit up.

"That's right!"

He suddenly picked up the experimental data in his hand, and then carefully read it from beginning to end, remembering the data deeply in his mind, and then quickly brought a piece of scratch paper from the side, and then began to budget.

"In the previous academic world, the way of processing this data has always been a bit too monotonous, and it should be changed."

"Statistics, statistics, it's a perfect subject."

His mind was silent, until finally, his eyes were locked on two sets of data.

"Since electron pairs have been formed, then, under the photoelectric effect, such electron pairs must also be able to find traces from some clues."

"And these two sets of data ......"

These two sets of data seem to have no similarities at all, but Li Mu can see the "entanglement" from them.

Physicists are able to see the underlying phenomena from experimental data, but this also requires a deep foundation.

Unfortunately, Li Mu has such skills.

"Luckily, I found out."

Li Mu smiled slightly, and then extracted these two sets of data separately and processed them again.

"OK, let me find out."

In this high-temperature superconductor, the electron pairs formed in the superconducting state are such electron pairs, which are unimpeded in the superconductor, making the magical phenomenon of superconductivity appear in the real world.

Of course, it's not enough to just find such a set.

What Li Mu wants to do is to determine the principle of superconductivity, not just discover electron pairs.

He wants to know how this electron pair is formed, as in the BCS theory, which gives a complete account of the formation of Cooper pairs.

"Gotta continue to collect data, more data."

No nonsense, Li Mu stood up again, cooled YBCO again until it entered the superconducting state, and then put it into the arpes, and continued to use the photoelectric effect to collect the corresponding data.

Of course, in addition to YBCO, there are several other high-temperature superconductor materials, such as thallium, barium, calcium, copper, oxygen, etc., and not only these copper-based materials, but also the second type of superconductors.

The BCS theory only explains the first type of superconductors, but not the second type of superconductors, and only by explaining the second type of superconductors can he find the connection between these different types of superconductors, and use this to determine the unified principle of superconductivity.

……

And just like that, time passed slowly.

He spent the next few days repeating the work, collecting all sorts of data and then processing it.

Until another two weeks passed.

It's time for him to apply for the lab.

After the last day of experiments, Li Mu began to clean up the laboratory, and at the same time, the door of the laboratory was opened.

George Evans walked in.

As the director of the laboratory, he needs to come back at the end of each laboratory to make sure that the instrument does not fail or something.

"Hey, Professor Lee."

He smiled and said hello, and then he also looked at the scene, "It seems that the professor doesn't use these instruments much." ”

Li Mu spread his hands: "I basically only need ARPES, and I can't use other instruments." ”

After all, only Arpes can help him accurately observe the behavior of electrons in materials.

"That's just as well." Evans nodded, and then helped Li Mu start cleaning up the lab - of course, there was nothing to clean up.

"It seems that Professor Li has already achieved a lot of results?"

Hearing this question, Li Mu smiled indifferently: "It's okay, it's just some small achievements, it's not worth mentioning." ”

"Really? I don't believe it. Evans shrugged his shoulders, "If Professor Li's work is only a small achievement, then I estimate that the theory of relativity, or quantum mechanics, or the Langlands program are just small cases." ”

However, at this time, a familiar voice came in from the door.

"It seems that Professor Li's experimental results are not very satisfactory?"

The same Professor Wilbur walked in again.

"Professor Li, superconductivity is indeed not so easy to study, of course, the promise I made to you at the beginning is still valid, join us to study the principle of room temperature superconductivity, we have already achieved certain results, if you don't believe it, I can even give you a brief overview of our current results, and then consider whether to join us."

Evans was stunned: "Professor Wilbur, why are you here again?" ”

It wasn't long after he came in that Wilbur came in.

Wilbur waved his hands as if he were playing an accordion: "Don't worry about this detail, I'm just here to take a look at the lab that our team will be using next." ”

"Professor Li, what do you think of my proposal? I invite you very sincerely. ”

"We may even send out our paper after the results of this experiment are completed, and this is your last chance to join us."

"Nobel Prize~" Wilbur shook his head with his hands outstretched.

Li Mu tugged at the corners of his mouth and refused without hesitation: "Uh...... Sorry, I'm not really interested in that. ”

He still feels that what he has in his hands has a greater probability of winning the Nobel Prize.

After looking at the situation in the laboratory, he said to Evans next to him: "Director Evans, since the laboratory has been cleaned up and my experiment has been completed, then don't bother for now, I will go to the laboratory management office to hand over the key later." ”

"Okay, please." Evans nodded.

Then Li Mu didn't talk nonsense, walked past Wilbur's side, and finally left here.

Seeing Li Mu's departure, Wilbur shook his head: "I thought Professor Li would be interested in room temperature superconductors, but I didn't expect it......"

Evans in the lab shook his head with a smile: "Interested in room temperature superconductivity? Professor Wilbur, I don't think many people will believe in this thing, and we don't even have samples of room-temperature superconductors yet, so how can you deduce the principle of room-temperature superconductivity? ”

"Before the atomic bomb was born, people thought the same way."

Wilbur waved his hand: "Practice can guide theory, and the same theory can guide practice, Director Evans, if you were on my team, you should understand, but unfortunately, you are not." ”

Then, he looked at the time, "I should go too, we'll be here on time tomorrow." ”

And then, he left the place.

Watching him leave, Evans shook his head, "Room temperature superconductivity? ”

If Wilbur could really figure out the principle of room-temperature superconductivity—he looked at a jar of liquid nitrogen in his hand—he just dried it up.

……

Li Mu, who returned to the office, also took out all the experimental data he had completed in the past half a month.

A total of thousands of pieces of data, I believe, are enough for his analysis and research.

Having taken out his pen and scratch paper, his calculations began again.

The next analysis will take a certain amount of time, about a week or so, and of course, the most important thing for him now is time.

The office fell silent, except for the sound of writing incessantly.

His office has always been quiet, and no one will often disturb him, and no one knows if the man in this good office is creating academic miracles again.

Until a week later.

……

"It's done."

The pen in his hand stopped, and the scratch paper in front of him was already stacked in a thick pile.

"If I'm not wrong......"

"The basic principle of all superconductivity is—"

With a movement of the tip of his pen, he scribbled a formula on scratch paper.

【H=∑kσξkCkσ+1/N∑kk`……】

"That's it."

This seemingly complex formula has five terms, the first term includes kinetic energy and chemical potential, the second term describes the generation and annihilation of electron pairs, and the last three terms are constraints, and throughout these terms, there is another condition that cannot be ignored, that is, the existence of dimensional forces.

"The lower the temperature, the easier it is for the dimensional force to be expressed, so there are many superconductors at low temperatures, but under special conditions, the restraining effect of the dimensional force can also be excited."

"Therefore, as the structure of the material changes and the temperature increases, the properties of superconductivity are also different."

"The most fundamental reason for superconductivity lies in ......"

When Li Mu's mind came here, suddenly, his mobile phone rang.

His brows moved, at this time, who would call?

As soon as he looked at the phone number, he was stunned, was it George Parisi?

"Professor Parisi, what's the matter?"

"Professor Li, have you read the superconductivity theory?"

"What are you?"

Li Mu was stunned.

What superconductivity theory?

Or is it ...... George Parisi also knew he was working on superconductivity?

Seeing that Li Mu didn't seem to know at all, George Parisi was stunned: "Huh? Don't you even know? It's the Wilbur professor at Oxford University, who led the team to come up with a theory of room temperature superconductivity, which looks quite decent. ”

"He used a relatively simple mathematical approach, and also added the factor of dimensional force, and then found that at room temperature, superconducting material structures can be formed."

"You're in Oxford, so I'm thinking about asking you."

"Wilbur......?"

Li Mu raised his eyebrows, this, what kind of fame did he really make?

(End of chapter)