Vienna, the twenty-fourth time that Avogadero has used the stage of a scientist to present his research in a lavishly decorated makeshift conference room at the Royal Austrian Society of Science, where the monthly scientific symposium is being held.

In the previous twenty-three meetings, he was all vetoed, and if he had been an ordinary person, I am afraid that he would have left the table because he could not bear the cold eyes and ridicule.

And it was not an ordinary person who rejected his views, but the absolute authority of the European chemical community at this time, the Englishman Dalton.

But the outspoken-out from the Apennines did not deter from this, especially when he believed that the truth was in his own hands.

Avogadro was never a man of resignation to authority.

Thinking that he was still a hairy boy, he dared to stand up and publicly challenge the theory of the "king of mathematics" Gauss, and used his own methods to make the other party speechless.

At that time, Gauss had the supreme authority in the mathematical community, and was praised by all his peers as "the man closest to the truth".

It is true that this person has made an unparalleled contribution to the development of mathematics, but even such a person is not perfect and can make mistakes.

"The laws of science exist only in mathematics, and chemistry is not among the exact sciences."

Many people want to refute Gauss's assertions, but they are afraid to bring shame on the unprecedented genius opposite.

At this time, Avogadro, a halfway physics student, boldly put forward a different view from Gauss, believing that mathematics is the king of natural sciences, but without other natural sciences, mathematics will lose its true value.

Gauss was already successful at that time, and Avogadro was a tax collector in the countryside of Turin a year ago, not to mention that the latter majored in physics, and chemistry was just a side hustle for him, and he was a typical physicist who did not understand chemistry and was not a good tax officer.

Gauss did not have a good temper and humiliated Avogadro on the spot.

"Chemistry is just a maid to mathematics." (The translations are different, but they all mean the same.) ）

Avogadro did not become angry in the face of humiliation, but responded with an experiment.

He burned two liters of hydrogen in front of Gauss, put it in one liter of oxygen, and as a result, he obtained two liters of water vapor.

"Look, in chemistry, I can make 2+1 equal to 2, can you do mathematically?"

Although Avogadro's return was wonderful, he only earned himself the title of "daredevil".

Later, he inadvertently offended Dalton, and was continuously suppressed by the latter, and even lost his position as a professor at the University of Turin for a time, and could only rely on his family's help to survive for a while.

Historically, Avogadro never sought fame throughout his life, but quietly immersed himself in scientific research, and in 1811 proposed the molecular hypothesis, which should have advanced the understanding of the structure of matter.

Unfortunately, Avogadro's brilliant insights have not been recognized by the chemical community for a long time, but have been opposed by many scientists and have been ignored for nearly half a century.

But now it is different, and with the support and funding of Franz, a "materialist" who respects science and knowledge, this scientific giant, who has been given a cold shoulder, has been given a valuable opportunity to exchange and discuss with the best chemists in Central Europe.

This allowed him to refine his theories enormously, and at the same time made the geniuses who looked at people with their nostrils turned to re-examine themselves.

This allowed him to greatly refine his theory, and at the same time caused the geniuses who had once dismissed Avogadro's theory to re-examine it.

The chemists present at this time were:

Fuchs, a native of Bavaria, was a mineralogist and one of the founders of analytical chemistry.

De Belena, a self-taught genius, created an inflatable gas lamp composed of hydrogenated devices, which greatly influenced public lighting engineering at the time and in later generations, and was also an expert in the measurement of atomic weight. However, due to lack of money and power, he did not obtain a patent for the technology he invented, and his life was very poor.

Fisher, a Bohemian, went down in the annals of inorganic chemistry with his discovery of "Fisher salts" and was one of the pioneers of the Volda battery, establishing the method of poisoning detection.

(Voltaic batteries, early batteries, very poor practicality.) ）

Gamorin (also known as Gmelin), a native of Hanover, was an expert in cyanide, who wrote many introductory works on chemistry and trained a group of famous chemists in later generations.

Michelich, a native of Oldenburg, an expert in crystal chemistry, synthesized "nitrobenzene" and made outstanding contributions to the fermentation of fuel, gunpowder, and sucrose.

Freeman Runge, a native of Hamburg, extracted phenols, nitrogen and other substances from coal tar, developed paper chromatography, and was also a pioneer in paper chromatography determination technology, and a master of dye chemistry.

Schönbein, a native of Baden, is a typical example of astronomy and geography, the most important of which are auto-oxidation, induced reactions, collodion (nitrocellulose, Wuhu take-off), electrochemistry and passivated iron. Although he devoted his life to curing diseases and saving people, his inventions later basically became murderous weapons.

Wüller, a student of Gmelin, was one of the greatest chemists in human history.

Liebig, the founder of agricultural chemistry, synthesized urea with Wüller.

(The last two are giants, and if you expand on it, one chapter is not enough, so I won't write it.) ）

Wait a minute

These people who have left a strong mark in the history of human chemistry are by no means mediocre. The main reason why Avogadro's theory was not rejected was not due to authoritative pressure, but because the natural sciences at that time were not yet able to distinguish between molecules and atoms.

At the same time, due to the dissociation of some molecules, it is difficult to give a convincing empirical explanation for the Avogadro hypothesis.

However, since a certain butterfly flapped its wings a few times, some minor obstacles were solved, so naturally they had no reason to continue to reject this theory.

At the same time, these people also know very well that the establishment of this theory will bring earth-shaking changes to the entire chemical world.

After 30 years of hard work, Avogadro finally got his wish, but there was not much time left for him to celebrate. Because there are still people who plan to show and demonstrate their new achievements later.

In fact, Avogadro was lucky at this time, because his achievements were recognized twenty years earlier, and he did not even live to wait for that day to come.

Under the impetus of Franz, new theories, new inventions, and new methods were proposed. These exciting things will eventually change the world.

For the scientists of the Royal Society of Science, this constant iteration of knowledge is also refreshing to them.

Of course, there are also monsters that give scientists a headache, such as the steam-powered computer developed by Babbage and Ada.

Previously, the two advanced the accuracy of the differential machine to seven decimal places, and simplified the use of the method to calculate the accuracy up to 21 digits.

This saves many physicists and chemists from having to waste a lot of time and effort on repetitive calculations.

In fact, thanks to the high-power hydraulic press made by Franz's group of maniacs, the Austrian Empire had a precision parts manufacturing capacity far beyond this era.

A 20-bit difference machine, which took three months and cost £20,000, would cost only a week and 3,000 florins in Vienna.

The cost of the latest 21-bit differential machine is only 10,000 florins, and the occurrence rate of defective products is low.

As a result, Babbage and Ada swelled, swelling in every sense of the word, and because they often went to taste the students' works and even packed them back to the lab, their weight and confidence increased rapidly.

Babbage intends to work on a completely new, time-unique analytical machine.

Thanks to the book friends for the reward of 6 sauce and Zimu.

Colonization will be put aside for a while, and a few episodes will be written about the protagonist and Austria returning to blood.

(End of chapter)