In the process of operation, enterprises often face huge operating pressure due to poor capital turnover, and at this time, enterprises can obtain a certain amount of working capital through bill discount loans. The so-called bill discount loan means that the bill holder transfers the legally owned bill to the bank, and the bank borrows according to the par amount minus the discount interest. In the bill discounting loan method, the ownership of the discounted bill belongs to the bank that provided the loan, and the bank can collect the bill payment from the accepting bank based on the agreement between the two parties.

China's commercial papers mainly include bank acceptance bills and commercial acceptance bills. In fact, in the commercial field, both at home and abroad, commercial paper is extremely common as a form of payment. However, in the process of operation, enterprises often want to be as flexible as possible in the turnover of funds, so the conversion of commercial paper into "living money" has become a very popular way for enterprises. Bill discounting can be regarded as a form of lending by the lending bank to make loans by acquiring unexpired bank acceptance bills. Under this loan method, the capital turnover speed and capital utilization efficiency of enterprises can be greatly improved.

◆ Discounting of bank acceptance bills

Discounting of bank acceptance bills refers to a financing business in which the bank acceptance bills held by the enterprise can be cashed in advance at a certain discount rate when the enterprise has the need for capital turnover, so as to obtain more liquidity. It should be noted that when the bank acceptance bill for the discounted loan matures, the bank providing the loan can prompt the acceptor for payment according to the contract. If the acceptor fails to repay on time, the bank reserves recourse against the applicant for the discount loan.

Since the discounting of bank acceptance bills is based on the credit of the accepting bank, it is more simple and flexible than other financing methods. Moreover, the cost of funds for enterprises to discount through bank acceptance bills is low, and the degree of marketization of the discount rate is relatively high, which helps enterprises to reduce the required financial costs while speeding up capital turnover.

◆ Discounting of commercial acceptance bills

Discounting of commercial acceptance bills refers to a financing business in which the commercial acceptance bills held by the enterprise can be cashed in advance at a certain discount rate when the enterprise has the need for capital turnover, so as to obtain more liquidity. It should be noted that when the commercial acceptance bill for the discounted loan matures, the bank providing the loan can prompt the acceptor for payment according to the contract. If the acceptor fails to repay the loan on time, the bank reserves recourse against the applicant for the discount loan.

Since the discounting of commercial acceptance bills is based on the credit of enterprises, the difficulty of obtaining discount financing mainly depends on the credit of the accepting enterprises. Compared with other financing methods, enterprises use the method of discounting commercial acceptance bills for financing, which not only has low financing costs, but also requires relatively simple procedures.

◆ Discounting of negotiated interest payment bills

Discounting of commercial bills of exchange with interest payment by agreement refers to a kind of financing business in which the seller enterprise can apply for discounting the commercial draft of the buyer enterprise exchanged after the sale of goods when there are transaction activities between enterprises. Compared with the above-mentioned discounting of bank acceptance bills and commercial acceptance bills, the process of discounting bills with interest payment by agreement is relatively special, which is mainly reflected in the fact that the interest needs to be paid to the bank according to the proportion agreed in the discount agreement between the buyer and the seller.

The interest required for the discounting of bank acceptance bills and the discounting of commercial acceptance bills needs to be borne entirely by the applicant for discounting, while the discounting of interest-paying bills by agreement is more flexible, and the seller or buyer and both parties can bear the discount interest through the agreement. Under normal circumstances, the enterprise can formulate sales terms including the proportion of discount interest bearing by taking into account factors such as the financial situation of the trading parties to the interest-paying bill.