Blackboards, chalk, pencils, and monoculars.

Blackboards, made of wood and painted with black lacquer, are used for indoor and outdoor teaching.

Chalk, raw gypsum heating, water mixed irrigation molding, drying and drying, not only used in the three major imperial court schools, but also like the blackboard, to the entire Song Dynasty and the middle school halls.

As for the pencil, it is a mixture of graphite and clay, extruded and molded, and the wooden strip is wrapped. The pencil came out, and it was already popular in Lin'an Mansion, and the Lin'an "pen" was expensive for a while.

On the blackboard, chalk writing is from left to right, from top to bottom, although it is not mandatory to implement it in all parts of the Great Song Dynasty, but it is a golden rule in the three major government-run schools, and it seems to be much more convenient to write.

Although many faculty members privately complained that chalk writing was unaesthetic and ugly, the school rules were military rules, and they had to enforce them.

When drawing with a pencil, the handwriting is clear and the lines are slender and smooth, but it is also not like a brush and has no aesthetic sense.

Every little thing is an epoch-making progress, moisturizing things silently, every change, bit by bit, starts from the classroom of Jinling Lecture Martial Arts.

"Students, today we are going to learn how to draw a map."

Xu Sheng wrote five big characters on the blackboard with a chalk brush, drawing a map.

Cao Youwen listened carefully, but when he saw the font on the blackboard, he frowned slightly.

It's like a dog's planing, but luckily it's still recognizable.

"Students, the three elements of a map are scale, direction, legend and annotation. Next, I will tell you about the specific content of the three elements of the map. ”

1, 2, 3, the three Arabic numerals are clear, and the students are used to it. From the first math class in Jinling's lecture hall, they were required to use Arabic numerals in numbers.

For example, 11,111,110 is not as simple and convenient as the Arabic numeral "11111".

Of course, Chinese characters are the soul of Chinese civilization, and they will neither be simplified nor lost.

The words "scale" were written on the blackboard, from left to right, from top to bottom.

In fact, Xu Sheng is not used to this kind of writing, but this is the rule of the martial arts hall, and he must abide by it.

For example, the punctuation marks added to textbooks, like Arabic numerals, have existed since ancient times, but they have not yet been applied to texts. In Jinling, the martial arts hall and the other two major government-run schools were first adopted, and it was bound to promote the entire Great Song Dynasty.

The scale bar is the ratio of the length of a line segment on the diagram to the actual length of the corresponding line segment on the ground. The formula is that the scale bar is equal to the ratio of the distance on the graph to the actual distance. ”

"Instructor Xu, what is the formula? What is distance? ”

A student asked below.

"Raise your hand first, and then say" report to the instructor "! ”

Xu Sheng's face turned pale, and the whip in his hand knocked on the table.

"Report to the instructor!"

The student hurriedly raised his hand again and asked a question and answer.

"Formulas and distances, I'll tell you a little bit more. A formula is a formula that represents a change in the relationship between several things, such as ......"

Xu Sheng picked up the chalk and wrote a few formulas on the blackboard:

Circumference formula; L= 2πr，

Circular Area Formula; S=πr2，

Pythagorean theorem; a2+b2=c2。

Ancient China also had these mathematical formulas, such as the Pythagorean theorem of the Pythagorean solstice with three strands and four strings and five strings, which is represented by oblique solstice ² = sunday ^ + day height ², but there is no substitute for the letter ABC.

For Zhao Hong, who is the son of the Great Song Dynasty, he has the experience of teaching, so he has introduced mathematical formulas such as Arabic numerals and letters into mathematics, as well as using them in mathematics textbooks.

"If you don't see it, it's called a formula. The formula, which represents the relationship between several variables, is the formula. ”

Xu Sheng taught what he learned from Zhao Hong.

"Instructor, what is a variable?"

Another student asked.

"A variable is the amount of change. How did you all learn, you learned it in the front, and you forgot it later. Let's start class today and go down and review it yourself! ”

Xu Sheng said angrily, and began the following explanation.

Most of the students can keep up, but there are always a few guys, and they don't complain about practicing under the sun, but they only take a cultural class, and one head is ten big.

"Instructor, I think that the most important thing to draw a map is to measure. The three elements are secondary. ”

Cao Youwen raised his hand and asked his doubts.

"Cao Youwen, what you said is also right, but it is equally important and indispensable. You must know that any small omission can cause unforeseen losses on the battlefield. Therefore, seriousness is the most important! ”

Xu Sheng said according to his own understanding.

As one of Zhao Hong's guards when he was the prince, Xu Sheng was appointed by Zhao Hong as a mathematics instructor in Jinling Lecture Hall because of his bright head and reading.

Just like Tian Yi served as the chief instructor of firearms in Jiangwutang, Li Tang served as the instructor of queue and physical training, the original Donggong guard Hu Datou served as the instructor of stabbing and spearmanship, and Zhang Hong served as the instructor of sword and shield hands, etc., the guards performed their duties and everyone shared the burden.

Serving as a mathematics "instructor" were also the Southern Song Dynasty mathematics master Yang Hui and several of his disciples. These people are the most outstanding mathematical talents of our time, and it is more than enough to teach these basic things.

Mathematics is the foundation of natural science, and Zhao Hong attaches great importance to it. Even though he knew that these words should be spoken in the Jinling University Hall, he couldn't help but talk about them in the lecture hall.

"You may know the importance of steel, you know that it can make weapons and armor, and you can make spatulas and farming tools, but you will never appreciate the great change that steel brings. Not to mention anything else, the firearms that the army will be equipped with are made entirely of steel. A country, when he has more steel, the stronger he is! ”

Zhao Hong's mouth was like a river, gushing endlessly, completely stunned the dizzy students below.

"Have you ever seen the water vapor rushing up the lid of the kettle, have you ever wondered what it can bring if there is enough water vapor? He could bring a steam engine, a boat could be rowed without a man, and a car could be pulled without a man. can bring about an unprecedented industrial revolution. ”

In the admiring eyes of the students, Zhao Hong drew a simple schematic diagram of the steam engine, railways, trains, and ships on the blackboard, showing the students the infinite possibilities and a prototype of the ideal country in the future.

He then drew pistols, rifles, metal bullets, rear-loading guns, etc., and of course, he only sketched them to inspire these young contemporary elites.

When he raised his head, he found that there were many instructors from the martial arts hall outside the window, and Zhao Hong beckoned them all to come in and listen to the class.

At this moment, whether it was the instructor of the martial arts hall or the students of the martial arts hall, they were all his loyal listeners and students.

"For example, rear-loading rifled guns can be used with bolt-like wedge gun latches to solve the disadvantages of deflating. Loading shells was simpler and faster, and due to rifling in the chamber, the shelling was more accurate and had a longer range. ”

"Another example is the draw-tube earth-shaking thunder, which does not need to be ignited, it is directly pulled down, and the fire is caused by friction, which is convenient and fast, and the lethality is more powerful."

"Headmaster, since better artillery and firearms are possible, don't hesitate to do it."

Zhao Hong's picture was in his eyes, and his words were in his ears, and Zhenzhidao raised his hand and said boldly.

These novelties immediately piqued his interest.

And, in his opinion, these new things are fully operable

"You think I don't want to, everything is planned, but it takes time. True aspirations, don't look down on yourself. If you want, you can also become a part of firearms and machine building in the future. ”

Zhao Hong nodded, and motioned for the red-faced Zhenzhidao to sit down.

"Students, have you ever thought about it, the development of these things that are crucial to the future of my Great Song Dynasty requires a stable situation. Now that the Tatar army in the north is flourishing, our Great Song Dynasty is always facing the threat of war, and once a foreign enemy invades, everything will fall short. The country needs you to study hard, train well, don't be afraid of hardship and tiredness, and pass on your skills one by one in the future, so that you will be able to train well. You have a heavy responsibility on your shoulders! ”

mentioned the invincible Mongolian cavalry in history, Zhao Hong's heart was a little heavy.

"Principal, my Great Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty have been fighting for many years, the people's livelihood has withered, and the treasury is empty. The imperial court is training and preparing for war, is there so much money? ”

Meng Heng asked, straight to the root.

"Training troops and good governance is fundamentally about money and food. The purpose of implementing the new policy on Jiangnan East Road and eliminating maladministration is to enrich the country and strengthen the army. If the implementation of the new policy is difficult, the future of Zhongxing Dasong is uncertain! ”

Zhao Hong's face was solemn, and he nodded and said.

It seems that a history lesson has become a debate class.

Whether it is military training or business development, it needs money to promote. This required him to make bold and desperate efforts to implement the new policy, from Jiangnan East Road to the entire Great Song Dynasty.

"Principal, Jiangnan East Road is implementing a new policy, and we are willing to do our best for the principal!"

Zhao Hong frowned, Du Shu's blood boiled, and he expressed his loyalty to Zhao Hong.

"Jiangnan East Road implements a new policy, and I will do my best. You and I, teachers and students, work hard. ”

The implementation of the new policy on Jiangnan East Road must succeed and not fail. Otherwise, he will not be able to enrich the country and strengthen the army, resist foreign insults, and the Zhongxing Great Song Dynasty can only become a bubble.

"However, with the implementation of the new policy, I can still exert myself. And to rectify the border army and resist foreign aggression, it depends on you young people who teach martial arts! ”

Zhao Hong solemnly said to the students.

Jinling lectured on martial arts, pinning all his hopes. So many famous generals in history are in hand, and they really rely on them to make contributions and serve the country.

"Headmaster, as long as our army is well-trained and equipped with firearms, the students have confidence enough to repel the enemy from the country."

Wang Jian raised his hand and replied, full of confidence.

"Wang Jian, it's good to have confidence. But the best offense is on the defensive, and once the Tatar cavalry attacked, the lives were devastated. And the shortage of cavalry has always been a problem for my Great Song henchmen. ”

"Headmaster, if you are a soldier and equipped with firearms, you can completely win a piece of land in the northwest to raise horses. Hehuang Kaibian, the four counties of Hexi, are my Chinese hometown, take it upright, with a clear conscience! ”

Cao Youwen is a member of the Northwest Cypriot clan, and as soon as he opened his mouth, he pointed directly to the vital point.

Isn't the horse farm in Zhangye, Hexi, a natural place for raising horses?

"Cao Youwen, that's a good point! Then you must study harder, lead the way with points, and make contributions to the rectification of the border army for my Great Song Dynasty! ”

A famous general is a famous general, and at a glance he saw the pasture needed to develop cavalry.

If the Great Song Dynasty does not take action, it may be possible to "reduce talents without sticking to one pattern", and push Cao Youwen and Yu Jue, famous generals in history, to more important positions, and it doesn't matter if they take a risk.

"Cadets, the matter is urgent, maybe some of you may graduate early, go to the border to prepare for the side business, and train the sergeants. Therefore, you must train hard, study hard, and do not fail me, and do not fail the hopes of the whole country. ”

Zhao Hong's words, not only Cao Youwen's heart moved, but the students were excited.

The principal's meaning could not be clearer, foreign enemies are eyeing each other, the country is busy, and they have many opportunities to get ahead.

I just don't know, what kind of war is the principal referring to? Where will it be?

The bell rang, the blackboard was messy, and before I knew it, it was time for class to end.

"Class is over! If you like it, we can find a time to sit down and talk together. ”

Zhao Hong was helpless and ended a different history lesson.