Chapter 10 Finance
In the summer of the third year of the Great Song Dynasty Jianwu, outside Jinling City, on Egret Island, Jiangnan Machinery Manufacturing Division.
Jiangnan Machinery Manufacturing Division, separated from Jiangnan Ordnance Manufacturing Division, covers an area of thousands of acres, thousands of craftsmen, and employs more than 2,000 workers. It was only because it was also a research place for steam engines, and it was named the Machine Building Division. It can also be seen that Zhao Hong attaches great importance to this place.
There was an endless stream of carriages carrying goods, and merchants and entourages of all colors, merchants and entourages from all over the world made Zhao Hong stunned for a while, and seemed to have returned to the Canton Fair Hall in later generations.
Jinling, indeed, has become an international metropolis that can be the center of the world.
In the deafening roar, the steam engine drove the crankshaft, and the machine continued to stamp, one by one silver dollars were stamped out, and the cycle continued, and then after grinding, sorting, ** and other processes, it was transported to the newly established bank.
With the advent of the steam engine, many production processes and departments of the Machine Building Division used the steam engine instead of manpower. This is true even for many of the operations of the Ordnance Manufacturing Division.
Zhao Hong took a silver dollar in each of his left and right hands, pointed the nail tips of his right thumb and index finger to the center of the silver dollar, and gently hit it with another silver dollar in his left hand, and his voice was clear and soft.
Then use the tips of the thumb and index finger of the right hand to pinch the center of the silver circle, blow hard, and quickly put it in the ear, a slight rhyme came, and the sound was crisp.
That's it!
Zhao Hong laughed knowingly.
In later generations, he collected several "***", only one was genuine, and the others were fakes. He has some knowledge of ***.
In this era, there is no laser plate-making technology, and it may not be easy to imitate it.
"Your Majesty, it is really clever to touch each other with silver yuan, or to use the method of blowing silver yuan, and it is easy to distinguish the authenticity from the fake. Your Majesty is using this method to prepare for the purpose of changing boundaries, which is really the best policy. β
"Quasi-Prime Minister" Zhen Dexiu shouted, complimenting Zhao Hong from the bottom of his heart.
The imperial court was in a series of wars, the imperial court's finances were almost inconsistent, the treasury was empty, and the financial crisis was very serious. Yang Guizhi's death was just an introduction, and the treasury had no money, which may be the reason why Zhao Hong had to stop the Northern Expedition.
Changing boundaries can get rid of counterfeit money, which can naturally solve part of the financial crisis, but Huizi is flooded, and it is only a substitute for gold, silver and copper coins, and it is an exchange coupon, and if there are no copper coins and gold and silver as a reserve and wide circulation, it is difficult to establish the credit of Huizi.
It is on this basis that the silver dollar and the copper dollar were born, and it is also the inevitable result of the change of borders.
The boundaries of the meeting will change, paper money is popular, and silver can not be used. 10 million silver dollars are popular in the world, and 10 million copper dollars are used as reserves, and the border change should be smoothly implemented.
"Zhengong, have you ever thought that only silver dollars and copper dollars are allowed on the market, and silver is eliminated, and the real benefits he brings?"
Zhao Hong took the silver dollar and threw out a question.
In "Water Margin", those heroes and scoundrels have a meal, and throw out a silver ingot of fifty taels at every turn, which is pure nonsense and cannot be taken seriously.
According to the income level of the Southern Song Dynasty at this time, the common people had 5 taels of money a month, and 1 tael of silver was 3 yuan, which was equivalent to half a year of hard work for the common people to earn 10 taels of silver, and a 10 taels of silver ingots.
In the future generations, if you go out and take a banknote of 30,000 yuan, I am afraid that I will also panic.
"Your Majesty, the silver is inconvenient to carry, and it is even more troublesome to use. With long-term use, the silver also turns black. If silver dollars are used, they can be used better and are conducive to the prosperity of all industries. β
"Both the rich and the noble, as well as the common people, had the custom of saving, so that the silver would be stored up instead of being bought and sold. Only silver dollars are allowed to be used in the market, and the silver of the entire Great Song Dynasty will be rediscovered. Your Majesty, with the benefit of this fire alone, our dynasty can make the most of it! β
Zou Yingyuan and Xuan Xuan sighed one after the other.
The silver is collected in the treasury (bank) and needs to be reminted into silver dollars, which is called fire consumption. The state treasury collects one and a half percent of the fire consumption, that is, 20 taels of silver can only be exchanged for 17 silver dollars.
The purpose of replacing broken silver ingots of various fines and sizes is to speed up the circulation of money in the market and stimulate consumption.
Compared with silver dollars, silver ingots and silver collars of five taels to fifty taels are difficult to really popular in the market, which is also a major disadvantage.
"I'm afraid, I'm afraid, silver is exchanged for silver and copper dollars, and the people are complaining."
Zhen Dexiu sighed faintly.
Not to mention anything else, there are tens of thousands of taels of silver in his house alone. If you exchange it for silver yuan, you will lose more than 2,000 taels.
However, exchanging silver for silver yuan is a national policy, and as the ruling minister of the imperial court, he can't refute it.
"Silver is a metal at best, and if you don't take it out and use it, it's better than a piece of toilet paper! Changing silver dollars is a national policy, benefiting the country and the people, and no one can stop it. β
Zhao Hong laughed, full of pride.
When the silver turns into silver yuan, there must be a lot of complaints, but the losses are all rich and noble families. Ordinary people have a few taels of silver.
When the silver yuan came out, many people would definitely continue to store it, but because the value of the silver yuan was uniform and the denomination was small, it would inevitably circulate in large quantities in the market, which would be of great benefit to the economic development of the Great Song Dynasty.
"Your Majesty, the high-pitched voice is made of steel embryo counterfeit coins, the hoarse voice is made of copper and tin alloy embryo counterfeit coins, the dull voice is "silver-clad copper sandwiched filling" counterfeit coins, and the silent voice is metal dust synthetic embryo counterfeit coins. Your Majesty's method of identification is appropriate. Everything is ready for this border change, just waiting to announce it to the world! β
Wang Gang, the envoy of Jiangnan East Road, also shouted loudly so that the emperor could hear clearly.
One dollar silver coin, the total weight of seven coins and two cents, silver eight or nine, copper one and one.
Silver is 89 per cent, copper is 10 per cent, and tin is 1 per cent, which is the weight of a silver dollar, seven cents and two cents, and sterling silver is only six cents and eight cents.
1 tael of silver is exchanged for 0.85 silver dollars, and 1 yuan of silver is worth 3 yuan, worth 660 wen.
Just by changing silver into currency, the imperial court exclusively enjoyed the benefits of tens of millions of fire consumption, not to mention a good start for the change of borders, and even relieved the pressure caused by the loss of the war in the west.
Tens of millions of dollars can just solve the problem of bereavement for the dead and wounded in the Northwest War.
As for the copper dollar, it is mainly ten copper yuan, and there are nine kinds of one, two, five, ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred, two hundred, and five hundred yuan, which are exquisitely made and make people love it.
Once implemented, it will quickly promote the popularity of the Great Song Dynasty currency throughout the world.
Emperor, you are despicable!
"Once the silver dollar is issued, I am afraid it will become a collection for many people."
Zhen Dexiu shook his head and said, his heart was full of helplessness.
The front of the silver dollar is a "one yuan" surrounded by plum blossoms, and the back is the Great Wall. The front of the copper yuan "Shiwen", the north of the plum orchid, bamboo chrysanthemum and other plants. Not to mention the preciousness of the silver dollar, it is as exquisite as a handicraft. With the habit of Chinese people like to store, I am afraid that the first 10 million silver dollars will be in short supply.
"Banks, it's time to wait."
The idea of the bank was originally the second year of Xingqing, the second year of his accession to the throne, but it was delayed until the fourth year of Xingqing. These two boundary changes took four years. Banks and silver dollars, money circulation, eight years on the throne, are finally on the right track.
In a war in the northwest, nearly 30,000 soldiers were killed and wounded, and tens of millions of soldiers were injured and their muscles and bones were broken.
This does not include the expenses for exterminating Li Quan, as well as losses such as domestic turmoil, drought and floods, and fires in Lin'an.
This was the main reason why he had to postpone the Northern Expedition. War is fought on grain and grass, not on blood alone. Once the Northern Expedition is carried out, it is necessary to ensure logistics and ensure success.
He believed that in addition to the heavy losses of the Mongol army, there may also be logistical reasons for the retreat of Γgedei. After all, there are a large number of Han troops in the current Mongolian army, and there must be a supply of rice and grain.
"Your Majesty, 10 million silver dollars, 10 million copper dollars are popular in the world, will it be too much?"
As a head of the household, Zhen Dexiu is still a little worried.
The Great Song Dynasty had the habit of storing gold and silver, and once the silver dollar was not recognized by the people, wouldn't it be squeezed?
"Much? The meeting can go smoothly, let alone silver and copper dollars? In the army alone, it is no longer enough. β
What Zhen Dexiu didn't see was that whether it was a huizi or a silver dollar or a copper dollar, they could pass smoothly, and behind it was the credit of the imperial court and the government.
"As my Great Song Dynasty sailors conquer the world and colonize overseas, you will find that 10 million silver dollars is just a drop in the bucket. In the future, it may be dozens, hundreds, 10 million silver dollars. One day, silver dollars, copper dollars, and huizi will appear in every corner of the world. β
Not to mention, the annual expenses of the imperial court alone, as well as the salaries of officials and soldiers, amounted to about 50 million yuan. 10 million silver dollars, plus 1 million copper dollars, a total of only 40 million yuan, there will be no worries about currency flooding and depreciation.
"Your Majesty, my Great Song Dynasty silver mine is scarce, and the government and the people combined, it is only eight or nine thousand taels of silver. If it were as Your Majesty said, there wouldn't be so much silver! β
Zou Yinglong unconsciously asked again.
It is a national policy to exchange silver for silver, and the court benefits, the people benefit, and the market prospers.
But with the silver dollar put into use, I am afraid that there will be more and more silver dollars on the market in the future, and what should I do if there is not enough silver ore minted?
"I don't have it in the Great Song Dynasty, it doesn't mean that there are no places outside the Great Song Dynasty. The whole of South America is rich in gold and silver, more than you can imagine. Moreover, in the end, it was Huizi who replaced the silver yuan. β
Zhao Hong looked at everyone, shook the silver yuan in his hand, and smiled slightly.
"However, in this day and age, the silver yuan will quickly take the whole world by storm. If you don't believe me, you will wait and see. β
The grain of the South Seas and North America, the gold and silver of South America, and the iron ore of Australia are all needed by China. It's just that now the Great Song Dynasty sailors are still cultivating in the area of Boni and Australia, and with the strong ships of the Great Song Dynasty, one day, they can naturally grab it at will.
Zou Yinglong and the others looked at each other, and they all smiled.
The Great Song Dynasty sailors dominate the world, and may really be able to rely on force to achieve what is needed.
Silver Dollars circulate in the world, and they don't doubt it at all. During the time of Ning Zong, the copper coins of the Great Song Dynasty were all popular overseas, not to mention the influence of the Great Song Dynasty overseas now, as well as the exquisiteness of the silver yuan.
However, the silver dollar finally returned to paper money, is it possible to take advantage of another "fire consumption"?
"Zhengong, how is the bank's business going?"
Banks, the issuance of currency, and the country's wealth are all accumulated here, and the foundation of the country's economic regulation and control cannot be postponed.
"Back to Your Majesty, the officials recruited by the household department and the people have been prepared, and the three Zhonghua banks and branches in Jinling, Sichuan, and Lin'an can be opened at any time. The operation of banks and banks is much the same, and there will be no differences. β
Zhendexiu is the head of the household, and the prime minister, of course, the head of the bank.
"Have the heads of the head office and branch been elected?"
"Back to Your Majesty, Liu Hanbi, the Langguan of the Ministry of Households, Xu Guang, the Langguan of the Ministry of Works, and Dong Huai of the Hubei Criminal Prison, these three people are shrewd and capable, honest and honest, and can be the chief and deputy director of the three places."
"This matter will be handled by the real princess, the real princess will be arrested, the bank will open as soon as possible, and it will be announced to the world in the newspaper."
Zhao Hong nodded and arranged it.
Banks have a stake in stabilizing a country's financial system, and the Anti-Corruption Division must follow up on them to ensure the smooth operation of banks.