The next day.

Institut Française.

When Lu Shi got up, it was already dark.

He opened the curtains,

The snow had stopped yesterday evening, but the world seemed to stand still, and the white and flawless scene spread out before me.

The branches of the trees are covered with snow,

The sun shone down from the clouds and shimmered brightly on the snow.

There was a knock on the door outside,

"Mr. Lu."

It is spoken in Chinese.

Lu Shi walked over and opened the door, and found that it was Cai Yuanpei, and said with some curiosity: "Brother Heqing, why are you alone?" ”

Cai Yuanpei "......" with a sigh,

Mr. Gu was tired from the journey and was closing his eyes in the carriage. As for Guanyun...... Guanyun he ......"

Some of them looked like they were hesitating to tell the truth.

Lu Shi couldn't help but be curious,

"If you have anything to say, just say it."

Cai Yuanpei gritted his teeth and made up his mind, and then said, "Okay, then I'll just say it." This morning, Guanyun and I were waiting for Mr. Gu in the hotel lobby, who would have thought that we would see three French men being taken to the hospital...... Vomit! ”

Why do you still throw up?

Lu Shi hurriedly took half a step back, only to find that the other party was just retching, and it seemed that he couldn't vomit anymore.

"What the hell is going on?" he asked. ”

Cai Yuanpei finally calmed down, and then wrote a Chinese character in the palm of his hand with his fingers-

State.

Land Hours: ???

"What do you mean?"

Cai Yuanpei said: "When the three men were sent to the hospital, it was this state of being connected to each other. Guanyun really couldn't accept it, so he vomited on the spot. Just now, I passed by the carriage bumpy on the road, and now I ran to vomit again. ”

Lu Shi reacted for two seconds,

subsequently

"Holy!"

He was shocked.

Sure enough, France has Nantong!

Thanks to Cai Yuanpei's imagination, it is also amazing to be able to use the word "state" like this.

Lu Shi suddenly felt a little cold, shivering,

"No, I'll give a speech for another two or three days, and then I'll have to go back."

Cai Yuanpei was a little surprised,

The heart says,

Mr. Lu is worthy of being a master who has been in Europe for so long, Taishan collapsed in front of him and his face did not change, but he shivered slightly,

Ordinary people, don't they have to vomit when they hear such perverted things?

Unconsciously, Cai Yuanpei's eyes were filled with reverence when he looked at Lu,

The eyes even flickered.

Lu Shi: "......"

Half a step back,

"Brother Heqing, why do you look at me like this?"

Cai Yuanpei disguised his hand and said: "No~ No~ I just appreciate Mr. Lu more and more, like the flooding of the Yellow River. ”

Lu Shi glanced at the other party cautiously,

After the wonderful usage of "state", he always felt that Cai Yuanpei had something to say,

For example,

"Out of control",

What to say "one shot" sounds weird.

Fortunately, Jiang Guoliang appeared at this time, which alleviated the embarrassment of the scene.

He looked at the state of the two of them, and immediately noticed something unusual,

"Heqing, you...... You said it...... Did you tell your husband? Alas...... Didn't you say it? That kind of sin, the two of us can bear it, so why bother to pull Mr. ”

As he spoke, he turned to land,

"Sir, you didn't throw up, did you?"

Lu Shi suddenly realized,

It turned out that the normal reaction was to vomit, no wonder Cai Yuanpei looked at him so strangely just now.

He waved his hand,

"I'm lucky I didn't have breakfast."

Jiang Guoliang has the style of a gentleman, and he does not doubt him, and said: "That's okay." ”

He stopped gossiping and got to the point,

"Sir, what did you think of yesterday's request for a textbook?"

Lu Shi glanced back at the desk,

In fact, some of the drafts have already been completed, but whether or not to give them out still needs to be considered.

The Qing court and Europe, after all, are different.

"Alas......"

Lu Shi sighed,

"Not everything can be published and published."

Jiang Guoliang was a little anxious,

"Sir, Heqing and I will do our best!"

Cai Yuanpei couldn't help frowning, but in the end he didn't say anything to refute, and bowed to Lu Shi and said, "As Guanyun said, Mr. Lu, we will do our best." ”

Although he is slippery and wise, he still has a pursuit in education.

Of course, there must be a premise for the realization of the pursuit -

Do not endanger personal safety.

Lu Shi nodded,

"Well, since you say so......"

He went back and got the manuscript,

"Let's go. Let's go to the University of Paris, and after you listen to my speech today, if you think it's okay, then I'll show you. ”

The three of them went out together and walked to the carriage.

Gu Hongming was waiting in the car, saw them, greeted them and asked, "Have you already said it?" ”

Jiang Guodian nodded,

"The gentleman has already put pen to paper. However, I glanced at it from a distance, and it seemed to be English. Moreover, it seems that the letters are not handwritten, but rather printed. ”

Gu Hongming hooked the corners of his mouth,

"That's typed on a typewriter!"

Jiang Guoliang was surprised,

"'Typing'!? How do you type the word? ”

Gu Hongming showed an expression of "children can't be taught", and said to Lu Shi: "Look at them, they are rare and strange!" ”

Subsequently, he put on the shelf of his elders and counted Cai Yuanpei and Jiang Guoliang,

"You two...... Alas...... I don't know what to say about you! When I'm young, why can't I be as physically as good as an old man. Staying in such a good hotel can still not adapt to the soil and water, and I can't stop vomiting from the morning. ”

Lu Shi listened, and almost couldn't hold back his laughter,

He quickly looked away.

Cai and Jiang rolled their eyes widely, and complained frantically about Old Man Gu in their hearts.

Gu Hongming is unhappy,

"You see, you still don't listen."

So, the next way was under the education of Mr. Gu's earnestness,

“！ @#￥%……”

I finally managed to get to the University of Paris,

The four of them got out of the carriage and went straight to the large classroom in the Ming Law Building.

The house is crowded and lively,

Students sit or stand, some gather together to have a lively discussion, and some sit alone in the corner and concentrate on sorting out their notes.

Unexpectedly, Clemenceau was not there,

In the past, he and several of his fellow legal circles would sit in the last row.

Dumas came up,

"Professor Lu, your speech is very popular with the Faculty of Arts, and the number of students coming is increasing day by day."

Lu Shi quipped: "The main credit is to renovate the school building and dormitory, without this, the students would not be so face-saving." ”

Then he asked, "What about Mr. Clemenceau?" ”

Dumas lowered his voice,

"You know, George was the owner of the Aurora newspaper, so sometimes I had to go to the news. This morning, a big scandal broke out at the Ritz Hotel, saying that it was related to the husband of the Duchess de Delacour. ”

Lu Shi: "......"

I didn't know how to talk, so I just kept silent.

Dumas would have been wrong,

"Why don't we wait for him? It shouldn't take long to deal with it over there. ”

Lu Shi waved his hand again and again,

"Not really. The presentation can go as planned. ”

With that, he walked up to the podium.

The classroom fell silent in an instant, and the students' eyes converged on Lu Shi.

Lu Shi took a breath,

"Today, we don't talk about literature or translation, we talk about history."

As soon as these words came out, there was a slight commotion below,

Someone even sighed regretfully.

There is no way, most of the people present are not studying history, and they don't know the gold content of Lu Shi, the "founder of modern historiography".

As for those French who study history......

"Huh."

I don't know who chuckled,

"Professor Lu's historical point of view is very interesting, and he actually thinks that the rise of France has something to do with the fertility of Capet and the Bourbons."

Lu Shi was stunned for a long time,

Then I remembered that when I first visited France, I was stopped by Lucien Fèvre outside the station.

At that time, the two had an exchange.

Lu Shi once gave a different point of view:

Capet and the Bourbon family are more capable of giving birth, and it is easy to have males.

This made France the only of the major European kingdoms to have an orthodox heir for a long time, with few heirs extinct.

This was important for the European aristocratic senate system.

Of course, this view is still a little difficult for ordinary people to accept.

Is it an advantage to be able to have children?

A climate of discontent spreads all around.

Someone below said, "Professor Lu, let's talk about literature." You talk about history, and we don't understand it! ”

Lu Shi chuckled,

"In that case......

He turned around and wrote a string of French on the blackboard:

La Révolution Franaise，

French Revolution.

Lu Shi dropped the chalk, and then said: "Regarding this historical event, I think everyone here should not have any feelings, right?" ”

For a while, the students were talking.

Finally someone couldn't help it,

"Professor Lu, you don't want to say, 'No one knows France better than you, do you?'"

Lu Shi waved his hand,

"I'm not going to be so arrogant. However, I believe that the analysis of historical events can be carried out in a variety of ways, and we cannot start with historical materials alone. According to the facts, it is not necessarily 100% correct. ”

The French listen to the Chinese explain the French Revolution,

How outrageous is this thing.

Someone started to leave.

The University of Paris is like that, the students are free.

But more people chose to stay,

Not all of them wanted to listen to the speech, and many of them were ready to refute Lu Shi.

Lu Shi also gave lectures on politics and economics in London, and in the face of this situation, he had his own set of ways to deal with it.

He said:

“

'The French Revolution destroyed Western customs and morals and threatened to lead all of Europe to tyranny. Therefore, Britain would rather not reform than the French Revolution. ’

”

When they heard this, how could the students sit still.

Swearing and scolding erupted.

The corners of Lu Shi's mouth are hooked,

Young people are so good, full of enthusiasm, and they are the easiest to be used...... Ahem...... Radical.

He pressed down with both hands,

"Ladies and gentlemen! I did not say what I said, but the British historian Mr. Burke wrote in his book "The French Revolution". Of course, I don't agree with him...... Forehead ......"

As he spoke, he suddenly paused slightly.

He thought of the "state" incident in the morning,

"I don't disagree with it entirely. It is still partially true about the fact that it has 'destroyed the customs and morals of the West'. ”

The students below began to curse again.

Lu Shi hurriedly went back to the topic,

"What I want to talk about today is a comprehensive analysis of the French Revolution."

After speaking, he turned around and continued to climb the blackboard, and wrote down two big words:

Cause.

He asked, "Can anyone talk to me?" ”

The people present are all French, and they are still college students, so they can naturally speak one, two, three, four, five.

Immediately someone got up,

"Because Louis XVI mobilized an army in an attempt to dissolve the Parliament."

As a result, as soon as he finished speaking, he didn't need to refute Lu Shi, and someone next to him complained: "You said too generally!" Why did Louis XVI dissolve Parliament? That's all that matters! ”

The man immediately said, "Not because of ...... Forehead ......"

Lu Shi coughed lightly,

"Okay, let's hear me out. On this point, the first thing to say is the Estates-General, and how the Estates-General system cannot work. ”

The so-called "three-level",

Catholic clergy make up the first estate;

The nobility made up the second estate;

Other citizens, such as peasants and urban commoners, made up the third estate.

Undoubtedly, the first two are the dominant privileged class, while the latter are the dominated.

But with the development of the economy, the third estate has become more and more powerful,

The French nobility title is open, allowing some capable and wealthy third estates to move up the ladder, plus the nobility itself can also invest in commerce, mining, and real estate, resulting in the blurring of the boundaries between the second and third estates.

After Lu Shi's introduction, he spread his hands,

"So, Louis XVI found himself surrounded by traitors."

It's funny to say,

The students couldn't help but laugh.

Below, Gu Hongming is struggling to translate for two young people,

Jiang Guoliang suddenly said: "Speaking of which, did the previous dynasty also have a situation where the third level was strengthened?" ”

Gu Hongming and Cai Yuanpei were both stunned,

Subsequently, Cai Yuanpei smiled bitterly,

"Isn't this point of view mentioned in "The Fifteenth Year of Wanli"?"

Gu Hongming echoed in a low voice: "That's why I said that that book is the most suitable textbook." ”

Jiang Guoliang frowned,

"Reflection is important. But what's so bad about Shiyi's long skills? ”

Cai Yuanpei nodded,

"It's like learning about France's constitutional monarchy."

Gu Hongming sneered,

"Humph! It's the Kang Party's point of view again! If you want me to say, he is just a Jacobin advocate! ”

Interestingly, the Jacobins were one of the factions in the French Revolution.

Cai Yuanpei was a little dissatisfied, but did not express it directly.

On the contrary, Jiang Guoliang said bluntly: "Mr. Gu, what you said is not right. If it weren't for the First Sino-Japanese War, we could still pretend that we were strong, but what about the facts? It's not okay if it's not renewed......"

Gu Hongming was ready to refute again,

Cai Yuanpei hurriedly said: "Don't say it yet!" Listen to Professor Lu's speech. ”

Among the three, Gu Hongming is the one who understands French,

As a result, when I came back to my senses after this discussion, I found that Lu Shi was already making a concluding speech.

Gu Hongming glared at the two young men dissatisfied, and then continued to translate.

I only heard Lu Shi say: "In short, the king thinks that the second estate is still obedient, so he puts the proposal for tax increase to the Estates-General for discussion." The result? The third estate won by a narrow margin of seventeen votes, and the tax hike bill failed to pass. ”

Everyone knows what happened next.

Louis XVI reversed course and demanded a tax increase,

In response, the Third Estate declared the National Assembly, which was later renamed the Constituent Assembly.

Louis XVI was not yet so stupid that he realized that the Third Estate would jeopardize his rule, so he mobilized his army in an attempt to forcibly disband.

Thus, the vigorous revolution began.

Lu Shi shrugged,

"Now, do you understand?"

The students below are confused,

I've studied history, but that's not what the textbooks say!

It was only after listening to Lu Shi's explanation that they realized that there was a hidden connection in the seemingly isolated things.

Someone said, "Is this modern historiography?" ”

Lu Shi said indifferently: "That's someone else's name." I'm just sharing my approach to history. ”

He continued: "Of course, in addition to the economy, there are also cultural factors. In the 17th and 18th centuries, with the Enlightenment, people began to think that the order of the universe could be grasped by reason. This makes the monarch divinely ......"

At this point, one of the students raised his hand.

Lu Shi chuckled,

"Yes, there is progress. Just now I just stood up and spoke, and now I know it's time to raise my hand. ”

The scene burst into laughter again,

"Hahahaha!"

Lu Shi said: "Okay, you get up and say." ”

The student stood up,

"Professor Lu, why did the Second Order betray Louis XVI?"

Lu Shi replied: "It's very simple, because of their class...... I'll give you a statistic. You know, France at that time could sell official titles, right? ”

The student nodded,

"Yes. And, as the finances fell into crisis, the price of knighthood became higher and higher. ”

Lu Shi said: "That's right. Between 1700 and 1789, France added about 50,000 new nobles. Do you think these new aristocrats are of the second or third estate? ”

As soon as these words came out, the students present fell silent,

Then, there was a lot of discussion,

"It stands to reason that the nobility must be of the second estate."

"But Professor Lu said that they went up to the third level by selling the official mantle."

"I still think that nobles are nobles."

……

They disagreed.

But most people believe that the new aristocracy should belong to the third estate.

Lu Shi didn't expect such a simple question to be discussed for so long,

These faculty of arts really don't study political economy at all.

At this time, someone below opened up again,

"Third level, of course."

And the people went according to their prestige,

I saw that Clemenceau arrived at the scene at some point.

It's just that his face is not very good, revealing an inexplicable iron blue, as if he has just vomited.

Say hello when you land,

"You are here, Mr. Clemenceau."

The students present also recognized this great benevolent person who took the lead in donating money to renovate the school building and dormitory, and took the initiative to say hello.

Clemenceau said: "A person's rank should be judged not by his title, 'noble', 'burgher', 'king'...... None of that matters. What should be seen is where his money and power come from. ”

It dawned on the students that

A nobleman can betray the king, but it is difficult to betray his own money bag.

Of course, there are also people who betray the money bag,

But very little.

"So it's the third level......"

It dawned on the students.

Lu Shi continued: "Okay, let's continue with the topic just now. With regard to the Enlightenment, a large number of enlightened figures such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Diderot emerged, and ideas such as natural human rights also came into being, and became more and more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people......"

Little by little, he explained the background of the French Revolution.

The people in the audience looked at each other,

Although knowing that the historical research method of Lu Shi is integrative, analytical, and interdisciplinary,

However, when they were really at the scene, they were peeled off and crumpled by Lu Shi little by little, and they were still shocked.

What's more, Lu Shi is talking about the French Revolution!

The French themselves can't speak so thoroughly!

Now it's really a prophecy,

No one

Bilu time,

Better,

France!

Lu Shi continued: "Let's talk about the course of the incident, the ending, and of course, the subsequent impact. Let's talk about ...... first."

The voice did not fall,

Bang Bang Bang –

Suddenly remembered the applause like a tide,

It was deafening, as if it could blow off the roof of a dilapidated school building.

One student stood up......

The two students stood up......

All the students stood up.

Suddenly, I don't know who shouted: "Professor Lu, I like you!" ”

"Hiss......"

Lu Shi gasped.

(End of chapter)