Zhuge Jin's attitude on this trip was very modest, and he spoke more professionally. Pu Sheng and Pu Yuan knew that this was a knowledgeable person when they heard it, and they didn't command blindly, so they quickly eliminated the tension in their hearts.

"It is said that the Zhuge brothers are omniscient and omnipotent, it seems that what they said is true, I didn't expect the princes to be so insightful even in smelting iron and forging steel."

The young Pu Yuan was originally very confident about his own land. After listening to Zhuge Jin's words, he couldn't help but secretly admire.

The two sides ran in and discussed for about a quarter of an hour, and Zhuge Jin gradually figured out some of the other party's needs and hidden pain points in iron.

Zhuge Jin originally thought that today's work would be the same as the crossing of many climbing science and technology farming, and he would have the opportunity to guide the uncle and nephew of the Pu family as soon as he came up: the higher the blast furnace, the larger the furnace, and the more refractory the furnace material, the higher the ironmaking efficiency will be!

Before coming, he even thought of ideas such as "aluminate soil burns bricks are more fire-resistant", and was ready to come up with several formulas in the field of materials science, so that the ancients were shocked and worshipped.

But after talking, he realized that things were far from that far.

Although Pu Yuan is young, he has also fought for five or six years, counting from the apprenticeship, it has been nearly ten years, and Pu Sheng has been fighting for more than 30 years. From beginning to end, these two people did not have the need to increase the height of the furnace and improve the fire resistance of the furnace.

In the end, Zhuge Jin took the initiative to tentatively propose: "If you are given a material that can withstand higher furnace temperatures to build a furnace, can you increase the speed and output of ironmaking?" ”

And Pi Lu was just stunned, and relayed it to his uncle with his ear, and I answered directly:

Of course, there are still dumplings today.

Is the main bottleneck of the 800 degree improvement space the cold resistance limit of the furnace itself?

Your furnace can smelt dozens to more than 100 catties of pig iron every day, especially half a month ago, and the cumulative output of thousands of catties of pig iron. There will be a backlog of hundreds of pounds of wrought iron in the furnace, and even hundreds of pounds of other slag bound together with wrought iron plates.

Huang Yueying listened very seriously, and when she heard the words, she was also eye-opening again.

Although I make a fan of thousands of revolutions per minute, I am still nervous to make a fan of several hundred revolutions per minute, even if I use wood chips to make fan blades, the weakness is enough, and I really can let that group of blacksmiths build iron fan blades!

So, I gave a small explanation of the attempts and efforts that Nie Qian should have made in the past few months, but I didn't give any indicators weakly, and then left in a hurry. Huang Yueying also needs to go back to be hot and quiet, and then improve her plan.

However, even if there is no cold blast furnace, it is still possible to suck the heat out of the furnace and raise the furnace temperature to 1400 degrees.

So Huang Yueying only had time to ask a few more questions, and Nie Qian and we had to go back to rest, we were really tired.

Pi Luo: "Because when it is melted, it is always possible to ensure that the iron ore melts and flows out of the furnace as soon as it becomes pig iron." Because the materials piled up inside the furnace are stacked on top of each other, the molten pig iron has just melted, and it is still halfway through the home, it is too slow to refine, and the impurities take a step back and become more wrought iron.

A few people walked out of the courtyard, only to see a small hole in front of the courtyard wall, there was nothing like a waterwheel, extending into a ditch led by the river, the water outside the ditch washed the wheels, and drove the crankshaft to connect a wooden handle leather bag is broken and pushed and pulled, and the air outside the leather bag is blown back from the hearth.

I remember that the chemistry textbook mentioned that if lime is enough to help melt slag out, you can't use fluorite as a flux, right?

It is true that in the previous life, electric fans and ventilation fans will look like this, which is the result of thousands of years of experience in physics and fluid dynamics.

Although there is no precise concept of "temperature", I can't judge it empirically, and the fire resistance of the furnace behind is more than enough, as long as the blast efficiency is reduced, the fuel burns more slowly, and then the furnace temperature is lowered by more than 100 degrees.

Pi Lu and Pu Yuan watched Huang Yueying leave, and they were also quite surprised.

Pi Qi and the others jumped to their feet with excitement, and hurriedly instructed the coolies to pour less charcoal into the top of the hearth.

However, Nie Qiancai mentioned a restrictive factor in a little bit of investigation: "General, as far as you know, the key to continuing to lower the furnace temperature is to slow the blast. The slower the blast and the less the air retreats, the slower the charcoal burns and the colder it becomes.

Before he understood the problem, Nie Qianye's chemical knowledge was used again.

It's really desirable to talk on paper. The ancients were able to use refractory furnaces, but it was only a matter of material science, but a small part of the wooden planks of the entire barrel were shortcomings!

Although Nie Qianye is doing the electricity, it is enough to replace the power source with water.

"The general doesn't have any magic tricks, I must tell you to wait, you must help the general do it wholeheartedly!"

What is the problem, add a wooden gear to the power output end of the water wheel, or a sprocket driven by a belt, and make a transmission mechanism, and the small wheel rotates a circle against the fan and the big wheel rotates dozens of times, which is enough.

The ancients used lime to help melt, the principle is not to react some low-melting point slag impurities into their calcifications, and then the former melting point is higher, higher than the molten pig iron, and it flows out. Fluorite is only like lime without calcium available, and can not use its fluorine element to form some slag high melting point fluoride, so as to flow out.

It was a hydraulic blast device invented by Nanyang Taishou Du Shi after a hundred teenagers, because of geographical limitations, and it was not fully promoted, and there were few places where there was no suitable flow rate of rivers to install.

Huang Yueying listened to those words, and was poured a little hot water again, and she was really willing in her heart.

"Little brother, you suddenly feel that he is not a bit like the kind of person he described when he taught you the year after: a person with a hammer under his hand, who wants to hammer everything he sees.

But at present, your furnace will not be burned for more than ten days, or at least for a month or two, and eventually it will be scrapped and demolished and rebuilt with red mud. Will this kind of refractory material be time-consuming? Is the material scarce? If it's rare, I'm afraid it's meaningful, the furnace is a consumable home. ”

That answer really made Huang Yueying, who was not mentally prepared, feel that she had punched under the cotton.

Bad guy, it turns out that the furnace in the late Han Dynasty can only reach at least 1100 degrees, and is it because of the limitation of the cold resistance limit of the furnace? Is it that the flame temperature itself is too high? That's the shortest shortcoming?

Huang Yueying was stunned when she heard this, and then couldn't help but laugh.

Is it a "water fan" or a "hydro ventilation fan"?

"Princes, this fan continues to improve, and it will definitely be able to lower the temperature of the furnace so little, the red mud should still be able to withstand it, at least there is no red, cold and soft, and the furnace may collapse after a month.

……

The shape of the water drain is not very different from the waterwheel of the previous life, but it is also an overturned car invented by Bi Lan in the later years.

Nie Qianye and Zhuge Liang thought that it was actually such a task, but it was too bad that Zhuge Jin was really busy that day, and we also felt that it was novel, and we were not interested, so we immediately helped.

That kind of paranoia comes from the prophetic historical answer, but it is a bad direct answer, and it can only be "make up for the shortcomings piece by piece, until the one you think needs to be made up becomes the shortest board".

Logically speaking, Nie Qianye is right, I am indeed paranoid.

And Huang Yueying only glanced at it, and found that there were at most two points that could not be improved:

In the future, if you can ponder a detachable furnace structure, before the slag and wrought iron accumulate less, turn off the fire and stop the furnace for a few days, and then only open a small opening at the bottom, dig out a small lump of wrought iron slag for thousands of catties, clean the furnace, and then the main structure under the furnace is reserved for the home, which is a high cost.

The furnace built with refractory bricks is less expensive than the red mud paste, but it is also acceptable to "smash the furnace to take the slag".

Of course, I also know a little bit about the fluid dynamics of small objects, and I know that the shape of the electric fan is still very efficient at high speeds.

"Look slow! The light outside the hearth is whiter! If the wind blows slowly, the charcoal burns more slowly, add charcoal slowly! Go ahead and add charcoal! Double the number of people pouring charcoal out! ”

Therefore, Huang Yueying also did not blame the seventh brother, Nie Qianye's way of thinking is bad, even if his answer is correct, the problem-solving process is rigorous.

Huang Yueying knew that I could do less today, so I just secretly remembered a new task of my own: to find fluorite ore as a new flux, and then use it for Pi Lu to test.

Pi Lu was obsessed with iron, and when he saw the effect, he immediately kowtowed to Huang Yueying a few times, begging me to continue to give advice.

I only heard Huang Yueying take advantage of the cold iron to ask: "Now that there is no water-powered blower, and if it is improved over time, the furnace temperature can burn more vigorously than today." In this way, the 'refractory furnace' you just mentioned, do you need to put forward the improvement agenda? The burning is getting slower and slower, and the red mud furnace behind you should be able to hold it, right? ”

Huang Yueying only vaguely relied on my knowledge of physics, remembering that "the smaller the speed of the turbine/fan blades, the lower the slope of the blades, and the faster the speed, the higher the slope".

Therefore, the melting point of pure iron should be less than 1,700 degrees, and the pig iron with fewer impurities is more difficult to melt. 1100 degrees can melt out the inferior molten pig iron outside the furnace, and if you rise to 1700 degrees, you can take a step back to remove impurities and melt more pure molten iron, the purer the more difficult it is.

As for the aluminate-fired refractory bricks, they can be used temporarily, and they rely on administrative orders to weaken themselves, so let's fire them first.

"Zhuge is a family, they are really all gods! In one day, the furnace temperature, which has been heated up for hundreds of years, has been cooled so little that the furnace is red! ”

It is those high-quality wrought iron, and it is also an important raw material for you to mix with pig iron and fry steel. For the family, 1,000 catties of wrought iron mixed with 700 catties of pig iron can smelt 1,700 catties of steel. ”

That was not far from Nie Qianye's original prediction.

Before thinking of that, Huang Yueying pulled Pi Lu and we went to investigate elsewhere first, and then gave a few instructions to the attendants around us, asking us to go to Zhuge Jin and Zhuge Liang to come quickly.

About an hour ago, Zhuge Jin and Zhuge Liang arrived. Huang Yueying was also polite, and directly called her younger brothers and sisters: "Ah Liang, they don't have time to help ponder, can they make that waterwheel a pulley to speed up and decelerate."

Among the eight cultural people present, although the Zhuge brothers are superb in arithmetic and physics, they are after all little women who are good at the method of danqing, and they have practiced drawing, and their level is also good.

On the other side, on the way back to Brother Zhuge again, Zhuge Jin also felt that the little brother was not a little paranoid, and had the courage to remind:

"That kind of material...... At the current furnace temperature, even the furnace with that kind of red mud paste can be burned until it is red and cold, and the special red mud is not enough to resist fire. ”

How do you describe that to the craftsman? Let's go find some kind of stone to use as an additive flux?

At most, the two improvements you are recommending are inherently wrong. Improving the blast and using a worse slag flux will make less and worse steel. ”

Huang Yueying had to put away her prejudices, and more and more humbly discussed with Pi Lu and Nie Qian point by point, and then predetermined any point of view.

"Ah Liang, he was right, that time he was really paranoid for his brother, but he didn't ask why, so he let his brother be paranoid once.

You haven't added as much lime as you can, and you have melted some of the slag, but the accumulated wrought iron is melted off. The lime formula that must help the slag is bad enough and accurate enough, at least two or eight months ago, thousands of catties of low-pure wrought iron will accumulate in the furnace, and the furnace will be completely blocked, and the whole lump of wrought iron must be dug out before demolition.

Considering that it was getting late, the shoddy hydraulic blower could be renovated, and there was no time for any less technical improvements that day.

According to the knowledge in the chemistry textbook, I immediately wanted to sell the "refractory brick low furnace", and I thought that the bad thing was that it was difficult to help Pi Lu solve a posterior obstacle of blasting, and there were fewer posterior obstacles.

"That's okay? Haven't directly turned the wheels in the sky to blow the wind? Eh, is that a windmill for the family? It's a special windmill that spins faster than the wind, and that one spins slower less. In an instant, it will be bad for dozens of turns, and if you use iron to make windmill leaves, it is estimated that it can turn slower and more stable! ”

It turns out that the iron-making low furnace / furnace in the late Han Dynasty is still a consumable? Just because the wrought iron flows out slowly enough, but the former over-cooked melt is off, and it is blocked at the bottom of the furnace over time, and the furnace must be dismantled and taken out first.

Nie Qianye was caught off guard by the trouble, and hurriedly helped the person up: "It's going to be like this, it's going to be like this." You are a blacksmith, and you are walking with them, how can you not keep it?

And Huang Yueying heard me mention "water drainage" before her eyes lit up, and asked Pi Lu to take me to see the real thing immediately.

As the howling wind blew out of the furnace, the temperature of the furnace was estimated to be dozens of degrees lower than when the original skin was blowing, and everyone found that the speed of molten iron flowing out was visibly slower.

They are bad at smelting iron and forging steel, and this is also doing things for the general of the chariot cavalry, and you are naturally happy to see it. Today's hydraulic blower is still just taking shape, and there is still little room for improvement in the past, such as what the blades looked like and whether the vertical angle should be smaller or larger.

The small wheel rotates a dozen times or less than a dozen times of the large wheel, and then the axle of the front large wheel drags a few wooden blades or iron sheets, blowing against the furnace air duct, to see if it can be much less powerful than the Pusheng blast. ”

The bad thing was that I wasn't prepared for it that time, but patiently asked, "Why are those furnaces not consumables and burned for a few days to be scrapped?" ”

Therefore, the variable transmission mechanism behind the eyes that needs to "increase the speed and reduce the torque" for the water wheel makes Zhuge Liang feel that there is nothing in common with each other. After pondering for a while, you faintly feel that a big problem that has been bothering you for two or eight days in your mind suddenly comes to an end.

Therefore, the propellers of ships in previous lives rotated fast, and the slope was small. The slower the propeller of the aircraft, the smaller the slope. The slope of the blades of a steam turbine or turbine is even smaller.

Everyone was busy for a long time, and they were so tired that they could do it. But seeing that the new thing was connected to the blast vent of the stove, blowing the wind from the ground to the outside, and then there was no sense of pause and intermittent in the blast of Pu Sheng, Pi Lu and Pu Yuan were both eyes shining.

What kind of work method and ventilation efficiency are the lowest, that is the common knowledge that modern college students know.

It seems that he has to make up for the shortcomings piece by piece, so that the shortcomings he sells become the shortest board.

The blower you use today is still Pusheng (tuo), where the workshop is close to the river, there is no water drain to connect to Pusheng, and the blower is not slower than hand pressure, so the furnace temperature can also be lower than these workshops with no water drain. It will definitely make the wind recede more slowly, and we will be able to melt more impurities of molten pig iron, and the melting speed will be slower. ”

According to Pi Lu's introduction, there must be Nie Qian, who does not have that kind of water row blast, and relies on the manpower of these big blacksmith shops to pull Pu Sheng blower, so it is estimated that the furnace temperature is at least just over 1,000 degrees, and even 1,001 is reached.

First of all, the shape of the waterwheel, I have seen so few waterwheels in my previous life, and I can't optimize it from memory.

I also know that in the previous life, in the modern industrialization period, the Germans built a cold blast furnace to pre-cool the air in the furnace chamber for the home, and finally achieved a furnace temperature of 1600 degrees, and even pure iron could be directly melted. The energy consumption of this thing is very low, and the waste of cooling energy with cold air is also very small.

"yes, how did you think of that? Is the windmill blowing underneath and pushing the blades? That's the other way around, other forces push the blades slowly, and then the front fan comes out of the wind, and the wind is still big, less than the drum Pusheng! ”

Especially Zhuge Liang, in those days, I haven't been thinking about improving Liu Ye's trebuchet, and you haven't gotten the small direction idea of "engaging in a counterweight trebuchet" explained by Huang Yueying, and you are thinking about how to lift the light counterweight with a labor-saving lever or pulley when the trebuchet is charging.

Moreover, the color of the molten iron is as dark as before, but more blazing, and obviously there are more impurities. Without that result, the effort just now would have been worth it.

The furnace temperature is dozens of degrees lower than that of the traditional water drain Pusheng, which is far from satisfying me.

Secondly, it's not a blower thing, there is no waterwheel, and I specially got a leather airbag to do piston motion push and pull, which is too efficient.

Zhuge Liang agreed loudly and took over the work of summarizing the reverse measurement drawing at that time.

Wrought iron has a lower melting point than pig iron, once it becomes wrought iron, the temperature is enough to melt, and it is a lump for the family, and the more impurities, the more it melts, and the first is cemented together with the slag to form a lump.

They had to build and do experiments repeatedly, and it was estimated that dozens of control groups could be tried, and they had to select the shape and angle of the blade with the worst blast effect. Yueying, he was responsible for reversing the shape of the blade with the worst experimental effect into drawings at that time, so that it would be easy to promote and replicate in the future. ”

"Uncle, why do you see that the princes seem to have no obsession, so they have to recommend me to you this refractory brick furnace? Our furnace is burning so hot and cold, so I will find ways to help you burn the furnace cold enough and cold enough to use my new stove. ”

It's not like brewing a bottle of bad vinegar, and then I was obsessed with it, and I had to wrap the dumplings for that little vinegar.

So if that direction of effort is a loss.

As for the slope of the fan blade, it may be necessary to test it again and again to see that the slope with a small speed is the least efficient, which needs to be tested in practice.

Is it because he discovered that the bricks burned by Guanyin soil are generally fire-resistant, so once that kind of refractory bricks are used in the furnace and porcelain kiln, he will be happy? ”

And Huang Yueying firmly believes that as long as the furnace temperature continues to rise, the ratio of slag to molten wrought iron will become higher and higher, because as long as it reaches 1,700 degrees, a part of the wrought iron that was originally melted will also be melted, and then it will be increased to 1,080, perhaps only a very large number of very pure pure iron will be melted.

Belch...... It's just that Huang Yueying doesn't seem to talk on paper, and I suddenly remembered that I just glanced at the little bit of paper knowledge under the books, but I actually even knew what fluorite was called and what it looked like in ancient times.

Nie Qian was just immersed in the excitement and joy of the new improvement, but I didn't lose my professional ethics and hot judgment, stared at the fire for a long time, and shook my head:

Men are better at drawing, and they are also sloppy in drawing, so they should not specialize in art.

Huang Yueying is proud at all, she is still very modest when she speaks, and she points out that she has done enough, but it just solves the problem of "no, no", and the prototype of the idea can be run through, and it is still far from being inefficient.

As for the composition of fluorite, I do know whether it is calcium fluoride.

……

A small group of craftsmen worked according to our command, Huang Yueying also often communicated with her younger brothers and sisters, fine-tuned and optimized, and after sunset, she actually made the first "wooden shaft hydraulic ventilation fan" sample.

As we all know, the melting point of the alloy is higher than the melting point of the main metal element in the alloy, and the less impurities and the purer the melting point, the higher the melting point.